 While looking at two different ethical issues in psychology, we were talking about how we can resolve these ethical issues in a positive manner. So an important aspect is dealing with human relations. Exploitation in human relations is one of a very important subject to talk about in ethics. This is very much important that psychologists do not exploit persons over whom they have either the rights to supervise or they have any other authorities such as they could be their clients, they could be the patients, students, research participants and employees. So mainly we are concerned that we cannot use any kind of influence over other persons. If an individual is working in an authoritative role, as a psychologist, he cannot suppose to influence the other person by any means. Like you cannot influence him psychologically, physically, economically, you cannot take any statement of your own choice, you cannot say anything about him in any situation. By force, you cannot force him to induce your choice of therapy or to take a change in your blind review techniques just because the psychologist is an influential person and he is monitoring it and the rights and demands of the person are twisted. So exploitation of any kind in any relationship between the psychologist and another party who is engaged in any influence is not considered ethical. Cooperation with other professionals is another domain in human relations which need to be looked into when indicated and professionally appropriate. Psychologists cooperate with other professionals in order to serve their clients in a better way, in order to serve the patients effectively and appropriately. Now we have to see in which situation such a situation can occur when cooperation is required. Psychologists see many such clients who need relevant expertise to assess their clients. If they lack relevant expertise and are not available at that time, let's say we are in the phase of assessment and there is a tool like this which is quite costly and it is not available to the psychologist at that time and you have to borrow it from someone and the help of other professionals is strongly advisable. So as we do things in our common life, we take some help from the time of need, and also professionally, a psychologist needs a specific environment for an assessment, for an experiment, he needs a specific environment for which he does not need any organization, any agency, state, any law enforcement agency's help, so he will not need that as well. Because without that, he cannot ethically do that experiment in a good way. The third thing is interruption of psychological services. As we all know that it is not possible that everything always goes on in a very smooth manner. So interruption can be seen in some cases in psychological services. Now what could be those situations? Although the psychologists make very reasonable efforts that they do not let any such situation come in which there is interruption, but there could be some unforeseen reasons which can occur. Let's say there could be some health issue to the psychologist because of which he could not perform. Or nevertheless, there could be any other things such as the death of a psychologist, the unavailability and relocation, retirement of the psychologist, or the relocation of the patient, or the financial constraints or limitations which can be seen in the psychological services and interruption. So in situation, what we have to do, we have to see that either the psychological services could be given one-to-one in any case or we have to see that we can give them through any other organizational services. Psychologists delivering services themselves or through organizations provide information beforehand to the client. Like for instance, a therapeutic relationship where a client and a psychologist work. And psychologists know that they have been working through a government service and they have been in retirement for three months, so beforehand if he feels that his treatment will go beyond three months with the client, his therapy will go longer, his professional advice will be required for more time, it is very important, it is very mandatory and it is very much recommended that the client should be told in advance that I can be available for three months and after that you have to go to another person. Because we know that in psychology, in human interaction, we need time with each other to develop confidence, to develop trust and a minimum baseline to develop our interaction and then we can go to therapy. So until that rapport is established and then it disconnects, that becomes very difficult for the client. So in advance it is very much recommended to give true information, the true picture to the client. Another thing is that there could be many other things. For example, what kind of the service you are going to provide him, then what could be the other stakeholders who may be invited in that therapy. Similarly, if we are attached to an organization, then organizations should tell the psychologist what could be your prospective clients. This is very important to know. In some situations, you are unaware of the fact that some criminals can also come to you to take counseling, some psychopaths can also come to you to take counseling. Such people can also be those who have history, murder, sexual assault and rape. So you can't be judgmental to those clients. So in advance, understanding of these things through that organization, if you are a part of a network, a part of an organization, there are many psychologists working under umbrella. So this is very important to get this information beforehand, that who will be your prospective clients, psychologist relationship with each person and organization. At times, there is a work place like this, those who hire a psychologist, for example this could be a school, this could be some multinational organization. In these set ups, if there is a school setup, then the psychologist will already know that he can only get students, what grade, what level he can get, whether he can get teachers, auxiliary staff, parents, children's siblings, or administration family, so this should be very much clearly spelled out that who are their clients. Similarly, in the office setup, who can be available for therapy and who could be vulnerable for therapy. It is also very important to clarify a little bit of this. Then who will be going to access the information? Just psychological case reports, clinical case reports, the history taking, the social worker's work about a client, how many people can access it? How confidential will that information be and where it is necessary to share it with others? Then limits to confidentiality. If a school hire a psychologist and he says that he has to identify children who are very slow learners, now for the identification of slow learners, if the school has given a task and in mainstream children, analysis and assessment, they identify slow learners. Here, it's not confidentiality that the school will not inform the administration that the slow learners are not there, because for this very much purpose, you are being hired. So, here you have to tell that they are slow learners and then what treatment they have to give them, what you can provide for them, this would be the next step. Then information about the results and conclusion of such services to appropriate person. So, this is the same thing which I just mentioned, that for what you are doing assessment or therapy, you have to inform who and not inform who. So, all those individuals who are involved in that process, who have hired you for this work, who have given you this assignment, we will tell them that they may be workplace deviant behavior workers, they may be slow learners in the school, these women are exposed to domestic violence, or in some male population, you took a sample and you said that we are seeing very high symptoms of anxiety and stress here because those stakeholders are interested in welfare of those individuals. So, we will have to see there that confidentiality and right to information we exercise in this way. Now, if psychologist will be bounded by the law or by the organization roles from providing such information to particular individuals or groups, they so inform those individuals or the group at the outset of the services. Here, confidentiality point is very important that if we give information to others, before the start of assessment, before the start of the therapy, we are going to set that role to that individual, that your information is informed to these stakeholders. Like, it's very much important that we tell them in advance, unless there is a technique we are using in which we have to use deception, or deception related important things that in what scenario we are going to use deception and we are going to break the little part of little aspect of confidentiality, we will be going to discuss it in future slides.