 ond mae hiad yn hyn. Ahoes y bloeib mor cyddiadau masyglogol y dd threatenf gyda i'r mewn cymdeithas, o'r mwyll yapu hwn, i'r teimlo gyda i'r bobl ond, i'r bobl innor i Lyn de Fabiani, ond mor cyddiadiau sefydlu ein blaenau sy'n gallu diodg mwyaf cyddiadau y ddampdd i ddampdd i ddeifus â adeiladau hyn, o'r ddampdd i ddampdd gyrsfoi i'r ddiaddiadau, byddwn ni'n fwybodaeth i ddampdd i ddampdd i ddampdd i gyd, Open the day debate. Miss Fabiani please. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. Two days ago, Tuesday of this week, 11th of September, marked the 45th anniversary of the vicious right-wing coup that brought general Augusto Pinochet to power in Chile, the start of a reign of terror that lasted for far, far too long. Before the 1973 coup, Chile was a democracy. Rwy'n credu Salvador Allende, president yn 1970, ac rwy'n credu y Llywodraeth Llywodraeth o'r unidol yng Nghymru. Rwy'n credu Allende oedd Augusto Pinochet y Comandor a'r Cymru yn 1973, ac rwyf i wneud gyda'r cwysig, rwy'n credu'r cwysig, gyda'r gweithio hefyd ac i'r palys yng Nghymru o'r cyllidelliaid yng Nghymru o'r cyllidelliaid yng Nghymru o'r cyllidelliaid. Rwy'n credu i'r Gweithio y Llywodraethau, president Allende i'r Unwyddiad, ac y dymockr yng Nghymru i'u cyllid y Llywodraeth a'r Cyllidau Llywodraeth, a'r Cyllidau Llywodraeth. Fydiol, latoffau a'r cyllidellau yn ymwyaf, felly ydw i'r gweithio hefyd, a'r gweithio i'r cyllidau sy'n gweld, yn cydnag ar gyfer 1000 o'r cyllidellau a'r cyllidau. ac yn ei weld i gwaith, yn sicrhau i, oedden nhw'n ddweud i gael fwy o annun ffordd yn y TV, ac yn defnyddio'r gwahyshau ardi wrth y cyfryd ymarfer, oedden, oedden, i fynd i ddweud i gael eu thredu hynny. Fyvelwyd, y sefydliadau starg, eich ddweud i Llanaghfeyddau i Gyfryd i Llanaghfeyddau i fynd i'r Tylliannau Unigol yn ei gyfrifol yma ac oedden nhw'n ddweud. Felly, i gael i ddim yn nhw'r ffordd o'r ddysgu'r ffordd o'r lliadau, fe wnaeth i ddweud yn y ffordd o'r ddysgu cyflawn. Felly, wedi gweld, y rhwnghwyl cerdwyr i fynd yn ddigadirio'r ffordd, rydyn ni'n llawd o'r ddysgu'r ffordd o'r ddysgu'r ffordd o'r ddysgu'r ffordd o'r ddysgu'r ffordd o'r ddysgu'r ffordd. Mae eich ddau hwn yn 500 ar gyflawn i Lleon Exiles, Many Scots campaigned and showed solidarity with their Latin American contemporaries in demonstrations and fundraising in friendship in song. One notable song was that of Adam McNaughton, who wrote Blood Upon the Grass about the Scotland football team going to play in Santiago stadium. The Chile Solidarity campaign had membership across the UK and I understand as one example of solidarity, a group of Chilean workers were sponsored by Cowdenbeath's mining community. East Cobride at that time was home to the Rolls-Royce factory that repaired and maintained the Avan engines, the engines that powered the Hawker Hunter jets, one of the UK's most exported military aircrafts. That's the subject of Ne Pasaran, the film that tells the story of East Cobride's heroes. There are two of those heroes in the gallery with us today, Bob Fulton and Stuart Barry. A few months after Chile's coup, back in 1974, engine inspector Bob Fulton arrived at work at the factory. The note of his next repair job said that the engines were from the Chilean Air Force. Bob realised that those engines would be from the planes involved in Pirochet's attack on democracy, and no doubt in the on-going abuses of the Chilean people. He was anxious, he was upset and he made a decision. He was not working on those engines. His colleagues backed him. The workers in the Rolls-Royce factory in East Cobride boycotted the Chilean Air Force engines. They kept that boycott going for four years with the engines being left to rust. One night, though, the engines mysteriously disappeared and the workers were told that their actions had been meaningless. Years, decades past, Bob Fulton and others moved on, retired and, of course, some of them are no longer with us. Meanwhile, filmmaker Felipe Bustos Sierra, also in the gallery, I'm glad to say, son of a Chilean exile, grew up hearing rumours about this act of solidarity. Felipe was fascinated by the story and determined to find out whether it was myth or reality. The start was turning up to speak to Bob Fulton some 40 years after the Rolls-Royce workers' action. That was the beginning of the making of the film, Ne Passeram. The first project was a short documentary, an excellent short film, and following that, a successful crowdfunding, which enabled the full-length feature to be made. That was the full-length feature, which premiered at the Glasgow Film Festival earlier this year, to rave reviews from critics and the public and, indeed, to our Cabinet Secretary for Culture. I've been privileged to see the film a few times, and it's truly marvellous. In its story, in its investigation, it's interviews with key players. In its research by Felipe Bustos Sierra in unearthing this fascinating story, and, indeed, in the quality of its production. The stars of the film are four men, four ordinary chaps, who worked in Rolls-Royce in EK in 1974, and, with others, potentially put their jobs on the line to stand up for their principles. Bob Fulton, Robert Somerville, John Keenan and Stuart Barry. That couldn't have been easy, not just in the workplace but in everyday life. Bob Fulton admits in the film that he was feared to go home to his wife, Lottie, and tell her what he'd done. So what had they done? It's simple. Bob, Robert, John and Stuart and their fellow workers did what they knew to be right. What they didn't know was the effect that this had. What they didn't know was that Felipe Bustos Sierra would turn up decades down the line to let them know about that effect. What they didn't know was that, during the making of a film about the Rolls-Royce engines, they would meet Chileans who were persecuted during the Pinochet regime. Fellow workers, incarcerated, tortured and afraid of execution, who told them that they took some comfort from the fact that they knew that, way over in a place called East Kilbride in Scotland, there were a bunch of workers who refused to repair Pinochet's jet engines. There's so much more I could say about Ney Passaran. The excellent representation of the situation at the time, the filmed interviews, the politics, not just of Chile, but of the UK and other Western Governments. But time limits me. You have to see the film. Let me end by, as I, in the parliamentary motion I laid, recognising the achievement of Felipe Bustos Sierra in making this film and by recognising the determination of all those workers in the Rolls-Royce factory in East Kilbride in the 1970s who took part in the boycott of Pinochet's jet engines. A stand against fascism in defence of the democratic rights of the Chilean people. This is a film that depicts a remarkable piece of Scotland's industrial history and illustrates an admirable act of solidarity between Scottish workers and the Chilean people. This is a film that one scene will not be forgotten. East Kilbride is extremely proud of its heroes who said, Nae Passaran. Can I say very gently to members in the public gallery that we do not permit applause from the gallery. I understand why people want to do it, but please desist. I am now moving on, I call Graeme Simpson to be followed by Monica Lennon. Mr Simpson, please. Thank you. Can I thank Linda Fabiani for bringing this motion to the chamber? It celebrates a key moment in the history of my hometown, East Kilbride. Nae Passaran, they will not pass. Now, if my pronunciation is a bit dodgy, my Spanish speaking daughter will be sure to let me know. In September 1973, 45 years ago, General Pinochet launched a military coup against the Government of Chile. Air strikes using British built hawker hunter planes targeted the presidential palace and the president was killed. 7,000 miles away in Lanarkshire, Rolls-Royce engineer Bob Fulton, and I'm delighted to see Bob here today, saw a hawker hunter engine in front of him with the word chilly written on it. He'd seen footage of the air strikes and were so incensed that he refused to service four engines and risking their jobs. Bob and his colleagues kept these four engines in crates in the yard for four years. The Rolls-Royce engineers were adamant that these engines were staying put and would not re-enter service. They believed that these engines without necessary protection would have corroded over the years had they sat in a crate in the factory yard. And mysteriously, as Linda Fabiani has said, the engines were removed one night in 1978. What happened to them exactly is not clear. There were reports they made it back to Chile. As Linda Fabiani has said, there's a film of this story made by Chilean Felipe Bustos Sierra, and I do apologise to Felipe if I've got that wrong as well. He grew up in Belgium and said, and I'm going to quote extensively here, in Belgium we would go to solidarity events where they'd roll off a list of actions taken throughout the world in protest against the torture and censorship by the Pinochet regime. The Scottish boycott was always mentioned, even after the engines had disappeared. It gave us a lot of hope because it dealt directly with the most iconic image of the Chilean coup, the planes flying low over Santiago and firing rockets into the city centre. Over time, the story became a bit of a myth with lots of embellishments and exaggerations Initially, I was hoping to find the workers involved and set the record straight, but never imagined I'd find so much about how much of an impact they'd had. Our discoveries surprised not just the workers, but the Chilean Air Force itself. The story had been buried so deep back then, they allowed us some access, convinced we wouldn't find anything tangible. And then we did. In 2015, as a result of our research, three of the Scottish workers received the highest honour given to foreigners by the Government of Chile for their efforts to preserve human rights. They are now commanders of the Republic of Chile." I haven't seen the film, but I would like to. Rolls-Royce is part of East Kilbride's history. Sadly, the firm has left the town and with no legacy saved for a housing development called Merling Gardens. What a pity that is. The film may be all that's left of that history. We should celebrate it. Thank you very much. I call Monica Lennon to be followed by Sandra White. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. As MSPs, we were asked to support many, many motions. Sometimes it feels like hundreds a week, but I was genuinely delighted to see the motion in Linda Fabiani's name and delighted that she has secured support for this really important debate. East Kilbride is just down the road from me. I live in Blant Hyard and it's in the region that I represent. The remarkable contribution of the Rolls-Royce workers to Scotland's industrial history is of special significance to me and our shared constituents. I've known about the story for some time, but not well enough, so I think that Linda Fabiani is absolutely right. You just have to see the film and, aggressively, I haven't been able to find the time to do that yet. I'm very jealous of friends who have seen it not just once, but a couple of times already, so it's on my to-do lists. I want to add my gratitude to the heroic engineers Bob Fulton, Robert Somerville, Stuart Barry and John Keenan, and all of the workers who took part in the boycotts and to commend the filmmaker Felipe Bustos Sierra. For educating the world about this remarkable part of our history, the very best of our humanity, and a special welcome to Bob and Stuart and Felipe who are in the gallery. Linda Fabiani has set the scene already for what happened back in the 70s, which was just before I was born, but she is right that brutal dictatorship in Chile lasted far too long. According to Chilean Government accounts, over 3,000 people died or disappeared, and as many as 28,000 were tortured, and to this day, relatives continue to search for lost loved ones. The debate allows us to remember the dead, but also show our solidarity for the living, including the people who arrived in Scotland as refugees of that regime of terror and have made Scotland their home. As we've heard from after the coup, the military jet engines from Chile were in need of vital repairs and were returned to East Kilbride to the Rolls-Royce factory. Quite simply, in moral grounds, the workers refused to repair the engines. That act of protest started remarkably with one person, one worker, Bob Fulton. That is truly inspiring. What happened next shows you the importance of workers organising, the importance of being part of a trade union, and that 4,000 workers unanimously agreed to follow suit and support Bob. That unity was crucial to the success of the protests. The workers in Rolls-Royce understood that an injury to one is an injury to all, and they have shown us the true meaning of solidarity and internationalism. As a Lanarkshire woman, I'm also proud that others in politics were taking up this fight, and notably Dame Judith Hart, who was then the Minister of Overseas Development in the Labour Government and MP in Lanark. Judith was one of the very few women in Westminster at that time. She used her position to fight poverty and injustice from Lanarkshire to Chile. She was a formidable advocate for socialism, and her unwavering support of Chile against Pinochet into her, the Chilean Order of Merit. The title of the film, May Passeran, is of course the Scottish interpretation on the Spanish words for the shall not pass, and it speaks to the very best of, I think, Scottish culture and our character. In that spirit, the workers not only refused to repair the engines, but actively obstructed their removal from the factory, and we've heard more about that, that the engines were left to rust in the yard. I think that what adds to the mystery is that the workers didn't really understand the impact of what they had done, and I think that because of Filippe's film that we're able to now fully appreciate that. I think that it's very moving today that we're actually paying tribute in the Scottish Parliament because I hope that everyone involved feels that we're all immensely proud, and I hope that not just young people in East Kilbride and workers in East Kilbride and Central Scotland, but everyone in Scotland has to see the film. I know that we're short of time and I'm overdue, over past my time already, so thank you, Presiding Officer, but thank you to Linda Fabiani and everyone for making this story be told. Thank you. I call Sandra White to be followed by Ross Greer, Ms White, please. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. I thank Linda Fabiani and my colleague for securing this important debate, and also to Bob Fulton, Robert Somerville, John Kenan and Stuart Barry who are in the audience today in the gallery, for what I would call the very courageous stance and solidarity with the people of Chile against the military coup of Pinsche and the on-going violence perpetrated against them, and as has been mentioned before, the many thousands of what they called missing, and that's what I remember most people even still looking years and years later for the loved ones, a terrible, terrible thing to happen. Unfortunately, in some countries in the world it's still going on, so basically I really do thank you for what you have done, and I hope that people would have the courage to stand in solidarity in other areas of the world as it is just now. Presiding Officer, the Chilean crew on 11 September 1973 was a landmark of the Cold War. First democratically elected left-wing president in Latin America, Salvador Alende, was brutally overthrown by the Chilean armed forces, surrounded and attacked residential powers that have already been said with Alende and his staff, basically refused to surrender and we know that Alende died that day and the dictatorship that followed, which killed hundreds and thousands of people and many, as I said, disappeared and still being sent to exile and still looking for their people. The Hunter Hawk air raid during the Chilean coup on 11 September 1973 has been said before, really caught the public's not imagination, but it was put forward through filmmakers that travelled the world and when the Scottish workers, as has already been said, saw these images on the television, they recognised that their planes, the planes that they were building, they knew immediately that they were working on these same engines. The Hunter, the Hawker Hunter, was one of Britain's most exported aircrafts. Twenty air forces flew them and all of them were powered by the same engine and it was Rolls-Royce Avon. Now, we all know that in the 1970s, all of these engines were repaired in the same factory, Rolls-Royce East Kilbride. And, funnily enough, my own husband, not at that time but a few years later, did work in the Rolls-Royce East Kilbride as well. There was only place that you could have maintenance on going there. So the boycott of these Chilean engines at that factory was a cause celeb. It was a fantastic thing to do and the workers kept that boycott on going for four years. And, as has already been said, the engines were left to rust at the back of the factory and then one night the engines disappeared. And we don't know where they ended up but I'm sure some people would have an answer to that. Now, as Linda Fabiani has already mentioned, the filmmaker who is here today also, Philippe Buster Sierra, son of a Chilean exile basically, son of a Chilean exile, grew up hearing rumours of this tale of international solidarity and one of the questions which I believe he asked another did was any of this true. And, of course, we know it was true and from there Neil Passaran was documented and the film was created. A film of the many Chileans who crossed paths with the engines and also what happened to these people. And I believe that we are actually in a negotiation in the Scottish Parliament to show the film in November. So, hopefully, we can get an update on that. Perhaps the cabinet secretary might have an update. Sorry to put you on the spot but perhaps it may have anyway. But I just know I'm running out of time but I want to comment on, I'll actually repeat the comments of John, Robert and Bob who were at a medal ceremony in Glasgow and what they said at that time was, if international solidarity means anything to you, if you believe that we do, that we are all connected trying to make a life for ourselves, for others, we are treating each other like human beings before politics, class, language or anything but muddles it up, this is a story for you. It has been painstakingly documented but it has a happy ending. Gentlemen, I salute you and everywhere else it stands up to fascists and dictators. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. Thank you, Ms White. I remind the members in the audience of the gallery not to applaud speeches. Some people have commenced since I said that. I understand why but I'm afraid that's a rule in the Parliament. Can I call Ross Gray? We're followed by Neil Findlay, Mr Gray, please. Thank you, Presiding Officer and thank you to Linda Fabiani for giving us the opportunity to thank and to celebrate the workers of Rolls Royce East Kilbride and the many other examples of Scotland's working-class internationalism and solidarity. As has been mentioned, this past Tuesday marked the 45th anniversary of the American-backed coup against the democratically elected president of Chile, Salvador Alende, that brought about the murderous dictatorship of the fascist general, Pinnishe. Alende sought to implement socialist policies in Chile, including government provision of healthcare and education, fair redistribution of land, public works projects and, most critically, nationalising industry, particularly the copper mines that had previously been owned by US interests. That in particular was almost universally popular in Chile, far beyond the political left. He even supported a proto-internet project, Project CyberSign, a network of telex machines to facilitate fast and effective decision making for state-run enterprises to manage a nationalised economy. I don't hesitate to admit that I had to google what a telex machine is before putting together this speech. Alende's government was a progressive one. Unsurprisingly, the US didn't like that. They feared a loss of American investments in Chile, they feared that Chile might become the next Cuba. The US took action to destabilise the country, culminating in the coup, significantly instigated by the CIA and US military personnel. When the Chilean military moved against them, Alende refused to surrender or to flee. He had the opportunity to move south, to lead an insurgency from the south of the country, but his politics were rooted in the belief that progressive change can be brought about and should be brought about democratically and peacefully. Instead, he remained in the presidential palace as the military moved in. Those loyal to him held out for hours, for as long as they could, completely surrounded and without any chance of rescue. Eventually, the building was set alight and bombed by the Air Force jets that have brought us to this debate today. In his farewell address to the nation, he railed against the coup. He stated his belief in a better democratic future for Chile, all the while you can hear the gunfire and the explosions in the background around him. He shot himself rather than be captured by the new regime. Over the next 17 years, the horrendous human rights abuses that took place in Chile continued to escalate. Tens of thousands of people were tortured, hundreds of thousands exiled, thousands executed and many simply disappeared. Terror was institutionalised and punishes Chile. Infrastructure was created, torture centres were built, Government agencies were dedicated to the task of repression. When you are faced with horrendous human rights abuses in a country thousands of miles away, it can be difficult to know what to do, how you can make a difference. But for the workers of Rolls-Royce and East Kilbride, what they could do was clear. Rolls-Royce manufactured the engines used in jet fighters, not just used by the Chilean Air Force, but 20 air forces across the world. The East Kilbride site was at that point the only one at which those jet engines could be serviced. By refusing to service the engines, the workers were able to take a stand. They did everything in their own power to frustrate and to undermine a fascist dictatorship 7,000 miles away. They grounded jets used to bomb an elected government and to terrorise a people. They gave strength to those in Chile who continued to resist. Stuart Barry, who is delighted to be here today, was one of the workers who led that action. He said, and I quote, "...years later we heard that folk in Chile were inspired by us. We've met a guy who was in prison, being tortured." And he said he heard about our action on the radio that his guard had. He said it gave him the will to live. It was a wee spark of life. It lifted him up. It takes courage to take a stand like what the workers in East Kilbride did. It takes strong unions and collective actions to sustain it. What those workers did was a proud moment in a proud history of working-class solidarity in Scotland, often in the face of UK Governments happier to dine with dictators and condemn those standing against them. The evil that the workers in East Kilbride defied in the 70s though is not something only of our past. Brutal regimes still exist and so do their links with Scotland. Missile systems manufactured by Raytheon and Fife for the Saudi Air Force have been linked to war crimes in Yemen, including the bombing of hospitals, funerals and just a few weeks ago 40 children slaughtered on a school bus. Despite the clear link between a factory in Scotland and terrible human rights abuses abroad, Raytheon is still giving public money in this country. Over £200,000 has been given to the world's largest guided missile manufacturer and it is far from the only arms trader to receive such funds. Today, we celebrate the actions of Scottish workers who defied the dictator thousands of miles away. I hope that the Scottish Government will be inspired enough by their story to end the support being given this very day to those who supply equi-brutal regimes. That would be a powerful demonstration that Scotland's strong tradition of international solidarity lives on. Thank you. I call Neil Findlay to follow by Willie Coffey. Mr Findlay, please. Thanks, Presiding Officer. I thank Linda Fabiani for bringing this debate forward. We have had some fantastic speeches, I have to say. If we look back at the history and the election of Allende, that time shook America to its core, because we have to remember that this is only a decade or so after the Cuban revolution that we saw a democratically elected left-wing socialist government in the backyard of the United States, and that sparked powerful vested interests of the political right because they saw their grip on power being wrenched away, not wrenched away by a coup, but wrenched away by democracy. That is what all of this was about, because Allende's coalition set about implementing that programme of land redistribution, of nationalisation, of reducing unemployment, increasing wages of social reform and, as Ross Greer says, health and education. That really struck a chord with those who previously held power, because this was the polar opposite of what they wanted. They did not want to lift working people and peasants out of poverty or improve their economy or develop social services. They wanted to retain power in their base, and they actively and quickly organised and conspired, ultimately launching that violent coup on September 11 with the assassination and overthrow of the Government. That footage that people have spoken about of the jets bomb in the presidential palace of key government buildings being attacked are the haunting images of that whole time. I have not yet seen the whole film. I hope to see it next week at my party's conference in Liverpool where there will be a show-in. I am very aware of the story because it is one of the great campaigns in the history of the Scottish trade union and labour movement because it is a story about class unity. That is exactly what it is about. Workers are thousands of miles apart, thousands of miles away from South America, taking action and, remember, direct action by refusing to service engines destined for persecution and oppression. It is an example of the very, very best values of the labour and trade union movement. Workers identifying an injustice that was in a front to their sense of morality, their sense of right and wrong and belief in democracy and human rights. The refusal to work on the engines had a direct impact. It meant that some of those planes were grounded, undoubtedly saving lives and preventing more misery. That was a practical step. The actions of the workers and the shop steers committee were not taken in self-interest. It was not about improving their pay or their conditions. It was a purely humanitarian act of solidarity. Tony Bain said that democracy is one of the most revolutionary acts, and that is why so many people oppose it. I would add solidarity to that. It is one of the greatest acts of compassion that human beings who do not know each other can show each other. Following the coup, we know that Chile became a laboratory for neoliberal shock doctrine as the Pinochet regime let the free market rip while persecuting, torturing and killing thousands of people. The lucky ones fled to different countries, and we know that around 500 settled here. Welcome by trade unions, welcome by mining communities, by churches, charities and others. That shows compassion and solidarity. I want to congratulate the filmmakers and the shop steers and all the workers, some of whom are no longer with us, who stood up using the greatest tool that workers have, and that is the withdrawal of their labour. As we witness the rise of Trump, the far right on the march again, extreme nationalism across Europe, then the left and progressive forces must organise to resist such vile ideology of fascism. Ross Greer was right also to point out what is happening in this country today in terms of supplying weapons to ODS regimes. Finally, I think that the title of the film says it all, Nghaibh Pasaran. Thank you. Before I call Willie Coffey, can I say in view of the number of speakers remaining to take part in today's debate, I am minded to accept a motion under rule 8.14.3 to extend the debate by up to 30 minutes and ask Linda Fabiani if she would move such a motion. Moved, Presiding Officer. Are members in agreement? No members having disagreed, I therefore extend this debate under rule, standing order rule 8.14.3 and I now call Willie Coffey to be followed by Johann Lamont. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer, for what a pleasure it is to be part of this, this debate and this commemoration. Thank you also to and congratulations to Linda Fabiani for bringing this debate to Parliament today to mark the wonderful act of international solidarity shown by Scottish workers at Rolls-Royce in East Kilbride between 1974 and 1978 to the people of Chile in their fight against the fascist dictator Augusto Pinochet. I watched the short film last night and what was impressive about it was the men's steadfast conviction about their action and that their action hadn't changed a bit over the years. When they saw the film clips of their own Rolls-Royce avion engines flying over Santiago to bomb and kill people and put down a democratically elected government, they decided to take action when the chance arose and it certainly did ground in half the Chilean air force as a result. When the engines came to East Kilbride to be serviced and returned to Chile, the men said, No. And they kept saying, No. They passed Iran. And I'm sure they would say exactly the same today if they were asked. It was also moving too to witness that silent moment of the sadness when the Chilean filmmaker revealed to the men that the engines did go back to Chile eventually, probably sneaked out by the company on the instructions of the government despite the fact that the men were sure the engines couldn't be used since they were probably corroded. Little did they calculate that that would matter a jot to Pinochet. I think, in fact, one of the engines did fly again and subsequently crashed some years later. The coup, in 1973, was backed by the Americans and Chilean government figures have put the number of deaths and disappeared around the 3,000 mark. Around 10,000 were held as political prisoners and tortured, probably much more than that in reality, and around 200,000 people we think fleeing into exile. My clearest memory of the situation in Chile was around 1977 when I was a student at Strathclyde University. Scotland, as Linda Fabiani said, was scheduled to play a football match against Chile as part of our warm-up tour for the 1978 World Cup in the stadium where thousands were held and many were tortured and killed. I can still recall a mature student of Chilean talking to me at length about what had happened there and that Scotland shouldn't play the game. Huge controversies surrounded it and the SFA told everyone that the game would go ahead unless the UK Government instructed otherwise. Well, it didn't, and the match went ahead with Scotland winning 4-2 if that even mattered. What did matter, whether we think then or now that it was right or wrong to play, was that the disgrace of Pinochet and the plight of the Chilean people was centre stage in Scotland. Members may also be aware of the wonderful Chilean singer, teacher and poet Victor Harra, who is probably the most famous political activist tortured and murdered by Pinochet's regime. I came to know his story in the 1980s through a song by Arlo Guthrie and sung by our own Arthur Johnston. Victor Harra's songs were about love, peace and social justice promoted by Salvador Allende and his Government, and for that he was tortured and murdered and his body thrown on to the streets of Santiago. Justice finally caught up only two months ago, Presiding Officer, where eight of his officers held responsible for his murder and they have been imprisoned for 15 years. Arlo Guthrie's lovely version of Victor Harra's hands being both gentle and strong can apply an equal measure to our Scottish workers who stood by the people of Chile when they needed us and who were rightly honoured by the Chilean Government for their solidarity. It must also apply to my unknown Chilean friend who reached out to me in 1977 to share with me the truth about what was happening in his beloved country. We'll salute all of them today and congratulations once again to Linda Fabiani for bringing that to the attention of the Parliament. Thank you. Thank you very much. I call to unlamant who is the last speaker in the open debate. Ms Lamont, please. Thank you very much. I congratulate everyone who has been involved in what I think has been a very powerful debate and particularly Linda Fabiani for laying out for us all just the impact of the story of what the East Kilbride workers did and quite rightly displaying the pride she has in workers who came from the community that she represents. The inspirational story of the East Kilbride workers almost leaves you without the right words to match what that meant and the film Ne Pasaran itself. As someone who was privileged to be at the medal ceremony, I felt it was all the more inspirational because of the quiet, humorous, understated testimony of the men involved in this great act of courage. I want to salute them and the film in which I think is a worthy celebration of the actions they took and recognising that it did take courage. It did require individual leadership but it also brought collective determination. For me, if you have both of those things, you can move mountains and you can change the world. I think that this is a celebration of the capacity of people to do the right thing. When they are not guaranteed credit for it and nobody is looking to celebrate them, they do it because they believe it to be right. For people of my generation, Chilly is unbelievably significant. I was still a school student at the time of the coup. I remember a growing awareness of a very significant international event playing out and the horrors in Chilly being relayed on the television. It, like South Africa, helped to shape my political thinking like many people of my generation, developing an understanding of what power was, how it's abuses and its consequence of that abuse played out not just on an international stage but directly on individuals and families. I saw as a young woman the impact of those events playing out locally with Chilly and people coming into communities and being housed in Glasgow and elsewhere. I remember an elderly friend of my parents who came from Skye talking warmly about the new Chillyian neighbours that had come. He was asking questions about why they were there but also reaching out to them with a typical Hebridean kindness to make them feel at home. I also remember meeting a student describing from Chilly what it was like to have no means of identifying who you were, what your qualifications were. He went to university with my brother, but that idea of being stateless, homeless and how frightening that was, had a huge impact on me. I was aware of the communities welcoming people who were fleeing those troubles and individual acts of kindness, which, like the East Kilbride workers, were trying to make a difference to those who were in trouble. I too remember the Adam MacNaughton song, which starts with talking about the blood on the grass and then ends up with the blood on our hands. However, the capacity in that song, in that campaign, to talk about the ordinariness of a football stadium being a place where we saw a somewhere for a footballing sporting event to take place, which had actually been a place where people were slaughtered and murdered. Willie Coffey is so right to highlight the song about Victor Harar. I remember, as a young woman, learning that in order to silence him in talking and building comfort among the people around him, he broke his fingers that he might not play his guitar any longer, and he continued to sing. I want to highlight, too, that, at that time, I remember, as a young student being involved in a campaign to get mad at my Andy elected as a rector of Glasgow University. We didn't succeed. Our Labour club didn't succeed, but we did, too, play our little part in talking about what it must be like for students like us living in Chile. The role of Chile solidarity in Scotland was really important in bringing people together. I would cite the role of Glasgow Trades Council and the indomitable Jane Mackay, who understood the power of the trade union movement in bringing political campaigning together with practical means of helping those who were suffering in that struggle. I believe in celebrating the men of Ysgolbride and the film Napassaran, which speaks to that struggle. We celebrate the very best in humanity. Too often our debate, I believe, is debased, but we should draw on those who not only talked the language of solidarity, but lived it. It was an inspiration then and an inspiration now, and a lesson to us all. Thank you very much. I now call on Fiona Hyslop to close to the Government. Cabinet Secretary, please. Presiding Officer, first of all, can I congratulate Linda Fabiani on bringing this debate? I would say that the showing of the film Napassaran, which I would strongly recommend, would be a responsibility for the Presiding Officer and Parliamentarians, but I would urge everyone to see if we can make sure that that happens. That is important, because, from a number of the reflections that we have heard, some of the answers and the questions would be answered by viewing the film and the documentary itself. I think that the importance of this debate from excellent contributions and I appreciate the extension of the debate to hear all those contributions, everyone has brought something different to this very important debate. Linda Fabiani set out the politics of the time, the harshness and the brutality of that fascist regime. I think that Sandra White, particularly in her remarks, reflected on the importance of this story being of international solidarity and standing up to fascist dictatorship. It is also a story of human and individual morality and that is also what I took from the film when I had the privilege to see it at its world premiere in March during the Glasgow Film Festival. As we heard from a number of remarks, including from Willie Coffey, it was the footage that started in many ways the story with film. It was the footage of the hunter-hawk jets flying and bombing the presidential palace in Santiago, which sparked the response from the East Kilbride workers. That story has continued. What is remarkable about the film, and I really want to congratulate Philip E. Mr Sierra, is that it rediscovers and investigates and finds out more that was not part of the original story, perhaps, but it is rediscovered as part of the documentary. I think that that is a very strong statement of the power of what can happen now with documentaries and what can happen now in films to make sure that we find out things that we did not know, and the workers certainly did not know, at the time. The film was originally an award-winning 2013 short. It received funding from Creative Scotland, and I am delighted that it was extended into that full documentary. That individual morality and that individual solidarity together as part of the trade union movement was something that was so important. The integrity of Bob Fulton, Robert Somerville, John Kenan and Stuart Barry worked from their beliefs and to stand up in solidarity with the Chillian people, was quite inspiring. In imposing the Pinochet dictatorship, the men were also awarded the highest civilian honour to non-Chillian citizens, the order of Bernard O Higgins' medal. I commend the director and the production team for their relentless dedication to bringing the story to light. As we have heard most likely from Johann Lamont, many Chillians made their homes in Scotland after their excel, they brought their skills, their expertise and their cultures, and they stayed with local families, and there was a bond built at that time, which it does endure to today. Of course, in June, here in the Parliament, we celebrate World Refugee Day, and that is important to recognise. Those who have had to flee their homes and people still to this day have to flee their homes because of their threat to themselves and their families for their beliefs and for their experience, for their religion and for other means. Today, when we show solidarity, support and understanding for those who are fleeing persecution, that is part of our story in trying to make sure that solidarity resistance and making sure that we reach out to the humanity that exists in this world to overcome all that is bad about the dictatorships that still exist in this world is something that we should be committed to. In some of the remarks, to those who have not seen the film, it is really important that you do see the film. There was some reference that people said that they did not know what happened with the crates. What is interesting, and part of the film that struck me, was the discovery and the cross-referencing, and that detailed research to cross-reference the capture of reference numbers on crates originally was what was discovered in Chile when the documentary makers went back. The other aspect that I thought was really striking was that point that was made by Neil Findlay and others, that when workers and where individuals make acts that are in support of others, they have never seen or have never known and never known for decades what that response was. That was captured in the film when we heard the responses from those that were political prisoners about that story. There was reference from Monica Lennon to Dame Judith Hart. The film is very clear that the documentary only states what can be stated, but at the time there were some issues and concerns and perhaps a wondering as to whether the removal of the crates had anything to do with the release of political prisoners. That is some of the explorations. We do not know the answer to that, but again that is something that I think is questioned in the film. In terms of what that means, in terms of what we can do and what we should do, we should always remember but we should also celebrate individuals as well. Again, one of the delightful pieces of the film is the humorous and understated response of the East Kilbride workers. I think that that is what makes the film what it is. You can read, understand and hear documentaries, but I think that it is the individual personalities of those four men that come across in the film and you can perhaps start to understand their sense of integrity and morality, but also their sheer dogged determination perhaps that Thrawn Scot spirit that meant that they were going to do what they wanted to do because they believed that it was right. We have many responsibilities, not least in this Parliament, in relation to what our trade policy is and our human rights experience. I believe that defence diversification is the right thing to do. In terms of what we can do as a country, we have to make sure that we, as a good global citizen, can try to make sure that human rights is understood universally and internationally. I am very proud to have been part of this debate. I think that there are very important messages. I have also learned more about that football situation. I was not aware of that, but the stories of the workers are ones that have to be told. I was very proud when I went to the Premier that I took my young son to see that film and he said to me, why do we not know about this story? This is part of not just Chilean history, it is also part of Scottish history. Therefore, I would encourage everyone to view the film as if they can, to make sure that we live our lives both individually and politically with that sense of integrity and morality. Wherever in the world we see injustice, wherever in the world that we see those whose political rights and human rights are compromised, wherever we can seek peace and solidarity in this world, we should always embark to carry out our responsibilities to make sure that we do good as we can. Nipas run charts the dark period of Chilean history, but it is a story that should be told, but it tells a modern story of solidarity, of compassion of the human spirit, both in Chile but also here in Scotland. Our international connections are important, but simple actions can have a lasting impact. I would like to express my admiration for everyone who is involved in the making of the film. I would like to pay tribute to all those from across Scotland and beyond who stood and stand in solidarity with people across the world, but particularly at that point with the Chilean people. To Bob Fulton, to Robert Somerville, to John Kinnan, to Stuart Barry and to Philippe Bustassiere, we salute you. Thank you. That concludes the debate. I thank all members for their contributions, and I'm sure Ms Fabiani knows how to progress the showing of a film in Parliament. I don't need to tell her how to do that. I then suspend this meeting until 2.30.