 Hello my dear friends and Chakya IA's fraternity, I welcome you all to today's topic analysis and the topic of today's analysis is PM Vani, a game changer, we will be analyzing the relevance of this news and covers the wholesome aspect that how it is important from the experience point and also from how it is important from the UPSC's point of view. So very recently PM Vani's speech has, PM Vani's scheme has announced by the Prime Minister of India and it focuses to address the inequality and if we talk about inequality then particularly this scheme talks to reduce the digital inequality. You must be knowing that very recently National Family Health Survey data was released and according to that data it shows that there is widespread variance between the rural and urban India in terms of data usage and data pattern. So this scheme, PM Vani's scheme was announced to address this inequality and what type of inequality? Digital inequality, okay. So Aristotle has said that feeling of inequality whether real or apparent, whether it is in reality or people feel it. So Aristotle said that feeling of inequality whether real or apparent has been the universal cause of political revolutions. So you have to stop this feeling from emerging. So the state has to address this issue. So we can term that PM Vani's scheme is a type of affirmative action. What is affirmative action? Affirmative action is a redistribution strategy whose objective is to remove structural inequalities. Time and again we would talk about inequalities because it is the central theme of this scheme. So affirmative action is a redistribution strategy and its objective is to remove structural inequalities existing in the society. Okay. Taking our discussion ahead we would be analyzing that what is the need of this scheme. At least if a government has introduced a scheme, then it will have some kind of a negative effect. Otherwise there are already many such programs like Bharat Net, Digital India and many more like this. So we will be analyzing that what is the need of this scheme. What is the need of PM Vani's scheme? Okay. So in a bid to full broadband internet proliferation across the country, the government of India has watched the PM Vani scheme. Okay. Very simple. And this scheme would be enabler for the Digital India. How it would be enabler for the Digital India? Because it will boost incomes as well as it will be ensuring that youth will get seamless internet connectivity because there is problem of data penetration in the rural India. So this scheme would enable small shopkeepers to provide buy-five service. So in a way we can say that this scheme would enable the Digital India. Okay. And Digital India program is centered on three key reasons. What are those three key reasons? Digital infrastructure. Okay. Governance and services on demand and digital empowerment of citizens. So this PM Vani scheme will also lead to digital empowerment. And this scheme was introduced to bridge the digital divide because there was a rapid scale of risk scale up of internet in rural India. And earlier a data was revealed that says that given the low level of penetration, 27.57 subscribers per 100 population in 2019. In rural India this is the extent of internet penetration. Okay. I mean out of 100 pupils only 30 pupils are using internet. PM Vani scheme is a cost effective way of digital expansion. This scheme is a cost effective way of digital expansion because you must have listened this news that 5G is going to come in India. Okay. 5G will require a huge investment in infrastructure, good quality data and so it would be requiring a high investment in news spectrum connectivity equipment and regular subscriber fees. So this is a cost effective way of digital expansion. So if we talk about the basics of the PM Vani scheme, then the PM Vani scheme is called as PM by 5 axis network interface, by 5 axis network interface. It would be set up by public data office aggregators and what are public data office aggregators? The public data office aggregators would be same like the PCOs. You must have listened the concept of PCOs. What are PCOs? Actually PCOs was promoted by the government in early 2005 or early 2000 to connect the customers through calls and it also serves as the point of economic activities. Okay. So similarly, PDO or public data office, the idea of PDO was first floated by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India in 2017. Okay. So like a PCO, the PDO allows users to connect a public Wi-Fi system. Okay. Here the key point is public Wi-Fi system for a limited session depending on the internet pack chosen by the user and these internet packages can either be charged on per minute or per hour by the basis of PDOs. So there will be no license that will be charged for providing the broadband internet services. Okay. So what is the significance of this screen? And what is the reason behind building such solutions in digital age? We all know that 21st century is digital age. So there must be some reason behind such solutions. So what is the reason behind this PM1 screen? Okay. So reason behind such solutions, we can say that this screen is built for a billion. If we took the example of Aadhaar, what Aadhaar has done, what UPI has done and UPI has created common payments infrastructure that unbundled whose app you used to pay from which bank your money was in and it doesn't matter. You just have to use one app that is UPI, beam UPI or any other UPI. You just don't have to install a number of applications in your phone. So this resulted in three C's. What are those three C's? Greater convenience, higher confidence and lower costs. Okay. In the same way, PM1 unbundles whose wired connection you use from who you pay to use that connection. Okay. You just have to, you just have to connect video. You just have to connect to the video. Okay. So this will interoperate and focus and focus on connecting the last user. So it is talking somehow about last mile connectivity and it is built on unbundling three A's. Earlier we talked about three C's and now the PM1 has talked about three A's. What are those three A's? Access, authorization and accounting. So PM1 allows anyone, anyone, either he be a Tirana shop owner, a stall vendor or a common service center to resell internet to its customer without a license and without a C's. Okay. So he just have to install a wireless router and they can get on the PM1 network and start selling the connectivity. And these small vendors who, these small vendors like Tirana shop owner, T small vendor, they will be called as public data offices. Okay. So like PCOs became centers of economic activity that provides a small business with a steady trickle of clients that could become then sell other sets like products. Okay. So due to this regulation, deregulation, they, the distribution of endpoints of PM1 will be selected by entrepreneurs rather than being decided by top down. So PM1 is speech, PM1 scheme is somehow talking about bottom up approach, not top down approach. So bottom up approach would be like that community will solve its problem by itself and it will not require any regulatory authority. So taking the discussion ahead, we would be talking about the objectives and benefits of PM1 scheme. Okay. So PM1 scheme would introduce more business friendly environment and that will result into ease of doing business. Second, it can be says that that it aims to provide high speed internet, okay, which actually becomes a need after the COVID-19 pandemic as the work from home culture is increased and strictly. The third objective or benefit can be said that high speed internet is not accessible in areas that do not have a 4G mobile coverage areas like hilly terrain or rural areas or tribal areas, these areas are not accessible in terms of data connectivity. So PM1 aims to aid the deployment of a public bi-fi network service, okay. And the proliferation of public bi-fi network will also create employment. So this scheme will also lead to somehow creation of the employment, okay. So enhancement of disposable income is also expected in the hands of small and medium businessmen as Kirana shop owner or T-stall vendors, they will be becoming the PDOs, public data offices. So it will also provide some disposable incomes in their hands. So it will result into the increase in GDP somehow, okay. And sixth, using public bi-fi hotspots would encourage its penetration across the country. They won't believe that as per try, in various economies, mobile users use bi-fi technology to communicate for 50 to 70% of their net time. But in India, this figure is less than 20%. Why is it so? Because in 2018, various service providers stated that they aimed to provide 5,000,000 hotspots by March 31, 2019 and 10,000,000 hotspots by September 30, 2019. And these targets are yet to be achieved. So the step of the PM Mani for introducing pre-bi-fi is commendable and it is expected to increase the number of hotspots. So in a sense, you can say that the introduction of PM Mani scheme is somehow a very revolutionary step that was that is introduced by the government. So what is the significance of this scheme? If we talk about the significance of this scheme, we can say that by this scheme India can create a $1 trillion of economic value using digital technology only because earlier the future of work report was published by World Economic Forum, in which it said that the number of digital technology and the number of digital users will be rising hugely by 2025. So by introducing this scheme, India can create $1 trillion of economic value by 2025. And with PM Mani, anyone living in their house, either a pawn shop owner or a tea seller, can provide public Wi-Fi hotspots. And certainly, this project's focus is on last mile delivery. So the project would mean the ability to connect to a Wi-Fi broadband connection almost anywhere and at any time. So this would help in bridging the digital divide in India. Either you are in a rural area or in urban area, it doesn't matter. It would bridge the digital divide. And it will also help to reduce the pressure on mobile internet in India because India internet report shows that 99% of all users in India access the internet on mobile. Such a huge number. You can imagine that 99% of all users in India access the internet on mobile and about 88% are connected in the 4G network. This leads to a situation where everyone is connected to a limited network, which is getting overloaded. And this in turn results in bad speed and quality of internet access also goes down. So public Wi-Fi networks will democratize content distribution and broadband access to millions at affordable rates. This will be the UPI of connectivity services, what UPI has done to the payment system of the country. UPI just unified the payment interface so that you don't have to use the number of applications in your phone. So same like the PM1E scheme we'll be doing that this will connect all the internet service providers at one point. So users will get benefit from this scheme. So talking about way forward. What can we way forward? What issues government should have to take into its concern? So government have to put focus on strong cyber security architecture because what the citizen expects is service, protection of data integrity, transparency on commercial use of data and security against cyber attacks. Because cyber attacks is increasing day by day. So government has to address these concerns. So PM1E should ensure the public data is protected and save. In this context, the enactment of public data protection bill is the need of the hour and government has to also put into the concern the recommendations of BN Sri Krishna committee. You must have heard about this BN Sri Krishna committee. It is related to just answer the question in comment box that BN Sri Krishna committee is related to which aspect. So now concluding the discussion, we can say that having such a public network allows internet travelers to take international travelers to take advantage of India's connectivity because they don't have to pay the exorbitant Roman charges to their home networks. So PM1E scheme in this aspect is forward looking because a single click multi device experience has been envisaged. But the most important thing is here. That without good execution, PM1E is merely an exciting concept on paper. However, if done right, PM1E will revolutionize the way India exists the internet and be a Philip 2 small business. There will be more than 10 million Wi-Fi hotspots in the next two years if this scheme would be properly implemented. There will be more than 10 million Wi-Fi hotspots in the next two years. Interestingly, it will also provide a demand side to fixed line connectivity, making these as profit lines for telecom companies. So these public data offices can become local distribution centers for content, taking an example that the students in rural area can access offline content without using bandwidth. There was a report earlier which stated that even with the world's lowest data rates, the average Indian consumers still monitors their total data consumption to save money. There is this tendency among Indians that they want to save their money. They want to save their data. Many of my friends or even sometimes I also do this that if my data is going to breach its limit of the day, then I just stop using the data. So this is certainly an issue that even with the world's lowest data rate, we are towards a tendency of consumption to save money and save data. So if executed properly, the public data offices of PM1E can do what the PCUs did for phone calls, going well beyond ease of doing business to genuinely empower citizens and providing ease of living. So PM1E scheme would lead from ease of doing business to ease of living. So there can be a practice question out of this discussion. You must have heard this discussion very carefully as it is a very important news that what can be the significant aspects of PM1E and we tried to cover the whole aspects of this. Okay, so there is practice question for you guys. Please listen to it very carefully. That PM1E scheme can revolutionize India's tech world and significantly bridge the digital divide in India. I repeat it again. PM1E scheme can revolutionize India's tech world and significantly bridge the digital divide in India. Discuss. Thank you so much for listening this topic analysis. I hope you all are doing well and keep in jungle life, subscribe the channel. Bye bye, thank you. Don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel and press the bell icon to never miss an update.