 Hey everyone, this is Dr. Ruscio. Let's discuss how probiotics can help prevent some of the negative effects from PPI or acid-lowering medication use. And I'd like to share with you the results of a study that I found very interesting. I'll put the abstract up here on the screen. The study entitled, Lactobacillus vs. Placebo for the Prevention of Proton Pump Inhibitor-Induced Eartable Bowel Syndrome, or IBS, a randomized clinical trial. And essentially, the setup of this study was looking at a group of patients who were on pentoplasol, which is an acid-lowering PPI medication. And half of those subjects were given a probiotic and the other half were given a placebo. So this is the control group and this is the treatment group. The treatment got the probiotic and the placebo group was a control group. And what they found was the use of a probiotic could prevent the following symptoms. Bloating flatulence stool form alterations that were negative and stool frequency that was negative. And so this, of course, looks very much like IBS. And this study then concluded that lactobacillus supplementation prevents irritable bowel symptoms. I'm sorry. Lactobacillus supplementation prevents bowel symptoms onset in patients on long-term proton pump inhibitors. So again, they found that the use of probiotics could prevent symptoms of IBS and in those on acid-lowering medications. So what may be happening here? Well, we do know, and I'll put another study up here on the screen. This is a meta-analysis, so a summary of the available data. So it's very high-level, high-quality scientific data. And this meta-analysis, and I'll quote here, concluded, our meta-analysis suggests that the use of PPIs moderately increases the risk of SIBO, thereby highlighting the need for appropriate prescribing of PPIs. So we see that lowering acid can increase the risk for bacterial overgrowth. And the question is, why is this? Well, when you lower acid, acid helps to kill bacteria. And so the theory is, is that when we lower acid too much, part of your natural defense against bacteria overgrowing is now gone. And so this opens the door for bacterial overgrowth. Now, bacterial overgrowth, we know, can underlie the symptoms of IBS. Now, estimations vary. It may be a minority of cases. It may be a majority of cases, but we do know there is a connection between bacterial overgrowth or more namely, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, but not limited to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and the symptoms of IBS. So we've shown that acid-lowering medications increases the risk of having small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. And we know that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is associated with IBS. We've also shown in this one study that probiotics can reduce the negative symptoms that are seen from longer-term use of acid-lowering medication. So this would suggest that probiotics may be able to combat SIBO or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, right? Because if the acid-lowering medication increases bacterial overgrowth and the bacterial overgrowth causes these symptoms, then if we see the use of probiotics showing a reduction in symptoms, it would likely tell us that a probiotic is combating overgrowth. And that's exactly what we see in another meta-analysis. I'll put the abstract up here on the screen again. Probiotics for preventing and treating small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in meta-analysis and systematic review of current evidence, they conclude. Therefore, the present findings indicated that probiotic supplementation could effectively decontaminate SIBO, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, decrease hydrogen concentrations and relieve abdominal pain. Now, they did not find in this meta-analysis that probiotics can prevent the occurrence of SIBO, but they did find that probiotics can treat SIBO. So what we're seeing here essentially is if you take an acid-lowering medication in the long-term that may cause bacterial overgrowth and probiotics may be able to prevent that. So that's great. So what you should do if you're on an acid-lowering medication is, one, you should try to find what the reason for that is. It could be something like SIBO. It could be a poor choice in diet. It could be other imbalances in the flora in your gut. And that's definitely something important to look into. And also use a high-quality probiotic because the probiotic may help with many of those things. If someone has H. pylori, for example, or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, probiotics have been shown to be helpful for both of those. And if you want more information in terms of what dietary changes you may be able to make to help with reflux or Gurd or Harper and that may be prompting the need for the PPI, or you would like a good specific probiotic protocol outlined, then I'd encourage you to have a look at Healthy Gut, Healthy You where I elaborate on all of this. But in sum, we're seeing more evidence showing the beneficial role of probiotics. And regarding PPI's, I think that we can make a case for using PPI's in the short term to help heal, especially if someone has an ulcer. The heal rate has been documented at about 80 to 90 percent with the use of PPI's for four to eight weeks. So for four to eight weeks, I think we can make a case for these. In this study, they were looking at six months of administrations of PPI's, which is probably not a good idea unless someone really has to be on them because there are other side effects to contend with. Here we're seeing evidence of small intestinal bacterial growth and evidence of formation of IBS. So it's important not to look at a PPI and acid lower medication as a viable long-term solution, but also be open to these in the short term to provide some healing. And if you're in need of more guidance, please look at the book Healthy Gut, Healthy You. It will help walk you through some of these specifics like dietary changes and probiotic protocols, which can be very powerful in helping to remedy some of these underlying causes. So in any case, this is Dr. Ruscio and I hope this information helps you get healthy and get back to your life. Thanks.