 Thank you, thank you very, very much everyone for joining us. This is the future that was mentioned in the previous session. I am so happy to see all of your faces and thank you so much for joining us today. So hello everyone and welcome to the final session of the African Regional Innovation Forum. We started the day today with a high level session which was then followed by regional good practices that are supporting innovation ecosystems. I hope that you could all attend it because it was a very interesting session indeed that we could learn a lot from about innovation ecosystems and what is actually going right in them. And so today or in this session, in this final session we are going to be zooming in on those who are hopefully enabled by these innovation ecosystems. They are the entrepreneurs themselves. So our speakers today are going to be including ITU innovation challenge winners, ITU telecom young innovation competition winners and African telecommunications union challenge winners who are going to be sharing their stories from the region. And so the goal of this session is not only to share success stories of entrepreneurs whom we see as role models in their respective ecosystems but also to better understand the local, regional and global innovation ecosystems through their stories. What we aim to do today is highlight which parts of these innovation ecosystems have actually acted as enablers for these people and also what might have hindered them in their entrepreneurial endeavors. This letter, what actually hindered them might in my opinion be seen as especially relevant for decision makers because we need to first understand the gaps in innovation ecosystems and we then need to fill these in order to help ecosystems move forward and improve. I would like to take a second to remind the audience to submit their questions in Swapcard so that we can pull these in during the Q&A session in the second half of our discussion today. So please don't forget to upload your questions over there. So today we have seven innovators who will be presenting their projects and this will happen in a very democratic way in an alphabetic order. I'm going to briefly present them and then I will ask them to hold their pitches about the solutions that they have been developing for their communities. So our first speaker today is going to be Abdu Noor who is the founder of the Emloukha app. The solution won the African Telecommunication Union Challenge and is indeed an offline app that helps young learners access basic literacy and numeracy. What it does is it uses the language that they understand which I think is extremely important when we want to create access. The second speaker is going to be Brenda, Brenda Katvesige who is a winner of the ITU Telecom Young Innovators Competition and she comes from Uganda. Today she will be presenting Waze Vision which is a project that solves critical healthcare challenges. Our third speaker is going to be Becara who is a telecommunications engineer specialized in radio communication and will be presenting her solution Farm Guard which won the African Telecommunication Union Challenge. The fourth presenter today is going to be Hajra Kasim from South Africa and she will be presenting Hajra Entertainment, a film and electronic media company that trained film graduates through a mentorship program that also provides hands-on entrepreneurial skills for the film industry. The fifth presentation is going to be coming from Henry who is an ITU innovation challenge winner, pretty recent. He has also actually been recognized as one of the brightest young minds in Africa and will be presenting his project, Save the Chicken AI. I hope that he has arrived. I know that he has been having some issues with electricity speaking of infrastructures and access to energy, but I hope he will pop up soon. The sixth presenter is going to be James, James Kiruri from Kenya, who is an ITU innovation challenge winner. And today he will be telling us about TELISA, which is a mobile contract aggregation and advertising platform for a post-pandemic world. We can of course not forget that we are living in a pandemic right now. So I will be very interested in hearing what kinds of problems you have encountered in this situation and what the solutions are that you have found. And our final presenter is going to be Mai Najee, who is a winner of the African Telecommunication Union Challenge and also the CEO and co-founder of DeltaSoft, which is a company that focuses on e-learning and education technologies. So we're going to have three minutes each for our seven speakers and we asked them to present their companies, but preferably to focus on introducing their solution, why they developed these solutions and also to kind of zoom out and take a look at the bigger picture that it fits into. Once again, if the audience has any questions to our entrepreneurs today, please submit these in the swap card. And so now I'm going to start the screen sharing. Abdu-Nor, can you let me know if you're ready to present? I'm ready. You're ready. I will have to ask you to speak a little bit louder. And... Mic test. Mic test a little bit louder, if possible. Mic test. That's better. Thank you very much. If all goes well, everyone can see your presentation now. Oh, no. I can see it. Yes, very, very good. All right. Okay, stop. Thank you so much and hello everyone and thank you for this opportunity. My name is Abdu-Nor Alib Mahdi from Anomadi Community Living in Northern part of Kenya. I'm a Education Technologist, MSc with Education Technology and Instruction Design. And those are my children, as you can see in Ojiya, we're piloting M Luga app. These children are in Madrasa. It's a kind of Islamic studies where it's kind of cultural norm. You have to go through the Duxi, it's called Duxi for you to go to the circle education. So you might find these children might finish that Duxi at the age of 15 and go back to class one, the circle education with zero literacy. So that's why we introduce M Luga app so that at least by the time they go to school, they are equipped with basic literacy and numeracy in the language that they understand. And I think this language problem is an African problem and that's what my judges were telling me at Africa Tech Summit in Rwanda. They were like, this is an African problem. Every African child is struggling with the language. Imagine walking to a classroom for the first time but the only language you understand is your mother tongue. But the curriculum is in English or Swahili or French or Portuguese or other language, imagine. So how are you going to learn? It's a situation from unknown to unknown. It's like, this is my head, this is my head, not translation. But with M Luga, it's going to teach you the syllabus with the language that you understand, M Luga language. It currently covers around 20 indigenous languages in Kenya and we are coming to Rwanda and Tanzania and Ethiopia and other parts of Africa very soon. Please go ahead. Next slide. Yeah, sorry. You have one more minute to go, huh? Yeah, and if you don't, this is the battle of M Luga up. If you don't understand, how can you learn? That's why the M Luga came up. Please go ahead. And for your information, I'm also a certified telecommunication engineer and four years back, I was doing very well in the telecom industry. I was doing fiber to the home, FTTH. And then the struggles that our region is going through the education crisis had left me with no choice but to abandon the telecommunication industry and ventured into education. Go ahead, please. So why is M Luga relevant? According to these tweets by United Nations and UNESCO, M Luga is relevant because 40% of the learners in this world don't access the education in the language that they understand their first language. So I think these are some of the tweets that when we're celebrating the mother's day, mother's language day, go ahead, please. So M Luga is basically solving language barrier problem where the teacher cannot understand your language, you cannot understand the curriculum, but this M Luga will going to play an intermediate role between the teachers. Shortage of schools where we have nomadic lifestyle, people are just moving around with their camels and cows. So they move away from school. Lack of teachers, in our region we had security reasons where non-local teachers were targeted by Al-Shawab and the security, you know, other security threats. So they ran away, some schools were closed. And then COVID disruption. Now that you're at home, how can you learn when you don't understand the syllabus? But with M Luga and the syllabus in your mother tongue, you can, it will bring the aspect of self-learning. Please go ahead. So what is the solution? Solution is a mother tongue-based offline multilingual app. In Kenya here, the language policy covers app to grade three. Now we are done with PP1, PP2, and we are going to grade one, two, and three. So the app also bring the aspect of culture. Before you go to the actual app, the content, you have to explore the cultural aspect of your community. This for Somali community, so you have to go through the traditional tools and stuff like that before you go to the app. Please go ahead. So this is the demo, that's a dog and a cat. So below we have two buttons, an English button and the Somali button. So you just have to click. It gives you dog, dog, dog, and then A, A, A, A, A, and then cat, cat, cat, and then it gives you. So it's an offline, you can just do it all over. All day long. Go ahead, please. So here are some of the awards by the M Luga. It was based 100 startups in Istanbul last year, 2019. Out of 160,000 applications, M Luga was best 100. And also it was based 11 startups selected to pitch at Africa Tech Summit early this year. And then the mother of all awards, ATU Africa Innovation Challenge runner up. That was, I think, two weeks ago. Go ahead, please. And the noise I've been making throughout the media from BBC to VOA to our local, what do you call, stations. And this is what I'm going to tell my fellow innovators. Please make noise. Make noise, be relevant. Go ahead, please. And still, I think the next is still on the page on the, on the dailys of the Kenyan dailys where I've been also been making noise. Okay, go ahead. Thank you. I think the app is available on App Store and Play Store. Thank you so much. Thank you very, very much. This was a really, really nice presentation. And the next presentation is going to be coming from Brenda from Moisi Vision. Let me just open it up for you. And here we go. Hi, hi. It's really exciting to, to join all of you. And I'm very, very excited to speak about Moisi Vision. I am Brenda and I'm the co-founder of Moisi Vision in Uganda. Moisi Vision turns wasting to value and we make beautiful, affordable, durable, stylish eyewear from Plastic Waste. Go ahead, Regina. Yes. If you walk into any kind of eye care center in Kabala today, probably the minimum amount of money that you pay for a pair of eye glasses will be around $100 on average, $150 with the lenses. So this is the biggest challenge that we're trying to solve. The challenge of affordability of eyewear and eye care generally in Uganda and in Africa at large. And on the other hand, we have a problem with so much plastic waste. Typically collectors in Uganda will export, will collect plastic waste, cut it into small pieces and export it to China and India. But recently China is not taking up that plastic waste anymore. So what we are doing is upcycling it, adding value to it locally and making something as impactful as affordable eyewear that is now 80% more affordable than what is on the market right now. Next slide. So we are located in Uganda in Kabala and we have a facility where we make these. These eye glasses are made with love by African artisans. They are designed here, created here and put everything that is put in here. So locally sourced material with local women that are collecting and also participating within the chain of manufacturing for these eye glasses. Then these are distributed to different people that then buy them at affordable, affordable prices. Yeah, so we collect plastic and some of the plastic waste we use is PET which is any bottle that we use to drink water. That is our raw material for us. We get this from multiple sources, individual collectors, local businesses, corporates. And then we use plastic injection molding technology to make affordable eye glasses that then we distribute. We used to distribute directly B2C which is business to customer from us directly to the customer but now we have strategic partnerships that are helping us distribute this and scale. We're currently in Uganda but also in Rwanda and we're looking to scale across of Africa. So the dream is to be the biggest eyewear brand out of Africa, so from Africa to the world. Next slide, Regina. So yeah, we are focused heavily on the sustainable goals being goal number three, which is good health and wellbeing, decent work and economic growth and of course climate action. So if you would like to get in touch, Regina, next slide please. This is our contact information. Check out our website on Wasing Vision. You can reach us on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Yeah, so thank you so much. I'm really excited to be part of today's partner session. Perfect, thank you very, very much. And I just want to point out how I appreciate that there are so many different layers to this solution to how many different problems are actually being addressed at the same time. So I want to ask into the round whether Henry has arrived, Henry from Save the Chicken. Unfortunately, I can't see him even though he did message me on, or he did email me that he was joining. All right, I believe that this access to electricity might be hindering his access to the session today. Which is something that we might need to, we might need to address in our discussion. All right, in that case, I would like to jump back to Becquerel, who I hope she can hear me. I know that there's a little bit of delay with the interpretation. Becquerel, are you here? Are you ready to present? We, hello. Hello Becquerel. You are a winner of the African Telecommunications Union. And Madame Save the Chicken, well, and there will be some questions for you. I would like to kindly ask you to start your three-minute presentation about your solution, Farm Guard. Can you hear me better, please? Yes, I can hear you. Hello, Madame. I won the third prize, I won the third prize of the African Telecommunications Union organized by the African Union. I prepared a presentation that I couldn't share because I used my phone to be able to assist the farm guards. My machine has no more autonomy, no more energy. I would like to share with you the vision of the project that I am carrying, the Farm Guard project. Today, we can no longer doubt the importance of the agricultural sector for our different countries. It is a sector that is already in the past. The means of the necessary existence to feed us and also contributes greatly to the economic development of our countries. But what we see is that this sector faces several problems, the difficulties that prevent it from playing its role. And in the context of our Farm Guard project, we have decided to attack the problems of the destruction of agricultural culture by animals. Animals are often called devastating animals. So these animals usually destroy our culture in the different phase of production. For example, in the semi, we often expect that when we put the grains in the soil, the animals, the birds, the deer, the release of the soil of the young animals. We have animals that cut the leaves, which prevents them from having a good development, a good growth. And even during the maturation of the produce, we often see that the animals attack the fruits of these that are already matured. And this is the cause of many losses for the farmers. If, for example, they had expected to have 8 tons of corn, they would have approximately 5 tons of corn. And also, the farmers are led to deploy time and additional resources to compensate for the losses caused by the animals. So our solution, Farm Guard, is an electronic kit that removes the animals from your agricultural plantations. So when you deploy your kit in your plantation, it will emit a lot of nutrients that will stimulate the nervous system of the animal. And these animals will feel uncomfortable, which will make them far away from the perimeter of these kits. So by inviting us to another solution, of course, to augment the productivity of agricultural experts and also what will help boost the economy of our different countries. And thank you very, very much. Thank you very, very much for this short and very, very informative summary of your project. Really, really appreciate it. And we are going to now continue with Hajra, Hajra Kasim, who will also be presenting verbally. Please don't forget to unmute yourself. Hi, can you hear me? Yes. OK. Hi, my name is Hajra Kasim, and I'm from South Africa. Hello, everybody. And thank you, Regina, for this topic. I work in the film industry in South Africa. So we do a massive international series like Origin, Mad Max 4, Raised by Wolves, which was the last job that we did. And our company aligns itself to gear rentals. So we work very closely with Penelog's for big massive cameras, gear and lights. And our niche is also to empower young students to come through university or film school and give them training and skills development opportunity on film sets. Because of COVID, from January, we have lost all our contracts. It has been difficult for the film industry. It has decimated the film industry basically because of international travel, most of our clients are international. So the innovative solutions have had to be of what we're doing on set. And one of the things that has happened very quickly is that little pockets and hubs and collaborations have occurred online using green screen or blue screen techniques. And videos and commercials are now being edited remotely rather than having people on set. South Africa has had very strict, one of the strictest lockdowns in the world. For five weeks, people were in total lockdown where you couldn't leave your front door basically unless you needed to go for medical help or to go to the shops. So that meant that there were medical challenges. You couldn't be on a film set until two months ago. People couldn't make movies the way you used to make movies. It's social distancing. It's masks. It's sanitizing. Two beautiful things came out of that. And the one was the recycling project started by the South African Film Academy, which is a not-for-profit, where young innovators and young solutions driven graduates based in the school could come out and do environmental studies and looking at where we can film and can't film. And also, they began doing recycling projects. So they would recycle 10 times more than we did pre-COVID because it became very important to realize an impact assessment on what the film industry has in the environment. So that was the first thing. So heightened awareness in terms of marine biology, ecology, where you're filming, how you're filming, health protocols in place. Local communities began to get affected because work was outsourced to local people rather than internationals. So it sustained the South African economy to a degree. And also, most of our learning has moved to master classes online. So that has been a huge uptick. It used to be very traditional. We want to be in a classroom. We want to be with a lecturer. We want to be taught. And in a space of six months, everything's moved offline. Classes have removed remotely. Collaborations have happened. And movies are being created entirely online. And because cinemas were shut down and there was no access to traditional forms, another innovation that came about was what was known as cottage or garage industries where a group of only 10 people could go and watch a movie. But innovation existed around how they watched the movie with social distancing. So that was really wonderful. So COVID has had positive impact in terms of solutions driven, obviously negative in terms of economic impact because of the big industries from overseas. But it's made us more focused on South Africa as a continent, I mean, as a country and also that young graduates are leading through technology in how they see filmmaking and how they approach the new COVID protocols on a film set. Thank you. Thank you very, very much for these very interesting and just very up-to-date insights that you've had about the industry and how society has been trying to navigate around the new normal, as they say, which I think is very far from normal. So very interesting. Thank you very much, Sandra. Thank you. Keeping an eye on the time, I'm just going to ask into the round again whether Henry has arrived. And if not, then we hope that he will maybe pop up as the last speaker. In that case, James, I hope that you're ready to share your story with us. James Kiruri, are you here? Yes, I am. Very nice. I will be sharing your presentation. OK. Go ahead, James. Excellent. Thank you. Thank you, Regina. And thank you, everyone, for joining this webinar this afternoon. As has been said, my name is James Kiruri. I'm based in Nairobi, Kenya. And today I'm going to talk about TELESA, a revolutionary mobile content aggregation and advertising platform that we have developed since February 2018 and now it's actively in the market, having gone through an MVP. Next slide, please, Regina. Sorry. Yeah. So basically, if I could give you a bit of a background on the media landscape in Kenya. Pre-2015, radio was the main companion. TV sets were few and far between. And internet wasn't that readily available. Then the digital migration happened between 2012 and 2015. And media consumption moved from appointments. An appointment is where you made a date with a radio or a TV set to either watch news or get content that was of interest. What then happened after that, it became the world west. As the internet is now, lots of digital channels, numerous blogs, and this is on top of what was already existing as traditional media. So the internet became a place that was very congested and not very easy to find content. And then came the mobile phone, and in particular, the smartphone. And the medium has since changed and it became mobile first. So most or majority of people now access in content via mobile first before they go to any other device. As Telesa Africa, we've got a founding team with diverse skills, but very strong media experience. And then, of course, come March for us. COVID-19 happened, and certain behavior changes happened. For instance, what would happen before? If you look at traditional media, newspapers, and magazines, this would be shared among many people. In fact, they say for every newspaper to be read by between 10 and 20 people. And that, of course, has changed. And a lot of the content now is consumed digitally and online. Next slide, please, Regina. And that's why we came up with Telesa and why Telesa. With all these mobile devices available with internet access, we asked ourselves, how can we use that to then deliver content? And not just deliver content, but deliver it in an innovative, simple, and convenient way to our users. And we are using what we call the lock screen, which is basically the fast screen on your phone when you unlock the phone. You get content that is of interest. We curate it based on your interests. We use machine learning and artificial intelligence to learn what is relevant content for you. And that's what you get served with. The plan is to start in Kenya, which we've already done. Telesa is already in the market and getting great traction. And then we'll build it to the rest of the region and into Africa and hopefully to the rest of the world. Next slide, please. And our copy, we've got four key stakeholders. We've got the user, we've got the advertiser. We've got publishers. We have over 50 of them already on the platform, local, regional, and international. And of course, the element of choice. The users can now find content fairly easily and based on choice. Next slide, please. Yeah, and that's about Telesa. And those are my details. And thank you very much for this opportunity to talk about Telesa. Thank you very, very much for sharing this with us. And so now we have arrived at the last presentation before we go into our discussion round. Mai, if you're ready. Yes, welcome Regina. Welcome for you all. I'm so happy to be here today. I am Mai Nagy, CEO of Deltasoft and Co-Finder. This is an Egyptian company. Works in e-learning. And nowadays, education faces a lot of problems. And one of the most important of big problems is contagious diseases. Next, please, Regina. Cautious diseases like COVID-19 leads to closing the most schools in African country. Next, please, Regina. And crowded school also created weakness in traditional education itself. Next, also lack of resources because not every school has developed science labs. Science virtual lab is so important because a lot of reasons. Next, please, Regina. Thank you. Visual science lab consists of chemistry, physics, and biology 3D lab. It helps students to perform the experiment by himself in safe environment. It solves the issues of capacity availability and dangerous materials, gases, et cetera. And also, visual science lab provide instructions, information, and videos for how to perform the experiment in the right way. Next, please, Regina, two slides. Another one, thank you. Sorry, this one? Yes, this one. Also, visual science lab provide 3D modeling of human body when any students need to know more about any organ. He just choose it and separates it from the body. And he can rotate it to see from all sides. And if he want to know more about it, just click on this organ. With you appears to explain how this organ works and its functionality. Next, please. Now we have a visual science lab in Arabic language. And we are working on localizing it to English. And we have planned to provide French and Swahili version to make sure that all students have the same chance in education. Thank you. Beautiful. Thank you very, very much for sharing this with us. And I think that all of these different solutions are just mirroring a lot of important questions that are out there right now. And this is actually why I am so passionate about grassroots innovation and solutions coming from, you know, sometimes the most surprising places, because it is the entrepreneurs who can answer to societal questions really, really fast. Now I just got the news that Henry has arrived. So if we can move him to the panelists group, then he can also present his solution, save the chicken AI before we have a quick wrap up. ITU colleagues, could you please help me? ITU colleagues, could you please move Henry into the round of panelists? Excuse me? Henry, save the chicken, has arrived as an audience member. And I would need him to be moved to the group of panelists. OK, perfect. Thank you. Perfect. Hello, Henry. I'm happy that you're here. Did you have some electricity issues or what happened? I hear. Thank you. That's all right. Some challenges, but then I'm OK. I'm good to go. I'm very happy to hear that and so happy that you have managed to arrive. I'm going to be sharing my screen now with your presentation. And please feel free to get started. OK. So five minutes, three minutes. It's good to go. So yes, my name is Henry Gallup for it here. And I am the CEO of Forty Farmers Management System. Next slide, please. Now, in Cameroon and in so many developing countries and even developed countries, so many livelihoods of Forty Farmers are being constrained because of critical mortalities. Farmers, because of diseases, critical mortalities because of diseases. So these farmers, they don't have the access to, because they are small in scale. So they don't have the access to quality veterinarian services or to have the veterinarian on farm, like being on the farm. And 80% of the market is not yet serviced by traditional red services. And there is high risk of disease from farm to farm disease spread. When a veterinarian moved from one farm to the other, there is this high risk of disease spread from one farm to the other. And so currently in Cameroon, one in every seven chicken dies before maturity. That's about 15%, which is really, really enormous. Likewise in other countries in sub-Saharan Africa, in Asia, even in Baguio farms in the Europe, the US, it's still just the same thing. And so most of these farmers, they lack access to market for their ready products when their products are really like their chickens or their eggs. Next slide, please. And so I cannot do this alone. So this is the powerful team behind. And it's a family, like stakeholders coming together. But the exporter is like Dr. Bertha with worldwide networks of over 500 rates in Africa and 60,000 farmers, like Chochimambi, one of the techies rated by Forbes or more are like the best techies in Africa. Roast pelagic, the brain behind the tumor it commends Cameroon penetration. And my home boost of exporter is in animal feed production and also the senior advisor of Salva's Life to Farmers Union. So we came together and have to solve this problem. Next slide, please. We decided to solve this problem in a simultaneous way. We know there is a farmers need to identify these diseases early enough and take adequate measures so that they should not get escalating. So farmers can instantly use the smartphone to do early disease diagnosis by taking the photo of the chicken faces or the chicken itself. And our software is able to tell you if the chicken is sick or not in an early stage. So you can prepare well on what to do. That's for farmers. And then for veterinarians, you can connect, you can, you can scale your practices to farmers worldwide. You know, you can be in Cameroon and you're servicing a farmer down in some region or in some village in Kenya or in Nigeria and you have more income, like income stream for yourself. It's just a small token. Yes, because we're trying to make sure that all farmers have the access to veterinary services. You can consult, you can buy products and so on. So for farmers as well, you can sell your products to a rating market still on the platform. So people like hotels, restaurants and middlemen, they can just, you can sell your products directly to them, which when your products are ready for sale, you just go and see what you are selling and it gets directly to the buyer through an SMS. So we're trying to make sure this becomes very inclusive for everybody. And so livelihood for smallholder farmers becomes, it's what we want because these people, they contribute so much in our country GDP and still remain poor even being in farming for decades. You know, so that is what we have been able to do and I welcome any questions. And next slide, please. Thank you. You can get in touch with us at any time. We are ready to serve because we want a food sustainable food systems. Thank you. Very good. Thank you very, very much for this, Henry. And so we have about 10 minutes left for a really brief discussion. And so I would like to maybe start with there are two things I would like to focus on. When you look at your own ecosystem, so these have been presentations about the projects, the problems that you're trying to solve. But of course, entrepreneurs cannot succeed without a healthy supportive ecosystem that can help them become sustainable. So in the next 10 minutes, I would like to focus on two key points. What has been, what kind of support have you been receiving from your ecosystem? And what was it that you would have wished for? So the first question focuses on kind of informal interactions and exchanges that are there. I know that Henry hasn't mentioned this, but his seed funding, the first mover investor was actually his mother who put her savings into the project. And so I think mothers often don't actually think of themselves as early stage investors, so to say, but there are a lot of such informal interactions that play crucial roles, especially when there is a gap in the ecosystem. And of course, an entrepreneur or a person will always find a way to bootstrap and solve issues that they encounter. But can you think of examples of how, from your entrepreneurial journey, how there was maybe a gap in the innovation ecosystem that you would have wished that it had been addressed earlier or a gap that maybe you had to bridge or overcome with the help of your immediate environment that normally you wish that it would have been addressed by the innovation ecosystem delivering the way that it should and excuse these blue things that I have on my body. Anyone can start. Okay, so let me say something. I think one of the greatest challenges I've ever had is not thinking straight about collaboration in the other stage, but thinking that you want to just develop some kind of groundbreaking project or a product where everybody will just get into it. And I find out that there was this disconnect between the farmers, like the farmers, and the people who have to create these solutions. So many of times we just think we can do it or not knowing that the best thing so far is to be on the field and to see exactly what you can change while doing it right down the field. And for issues we have faced, like the greatest challenges we have faced is connectivity. Like we try to partner with B-Bound, augmented connectivity in France to make sure that we can have these people in the rural areas can be able to access connectivity while using our solution. So I think as a personal challenge or a company challenge who have faced problems of connectivity in rural areas. Thank you. Thank you very much. Connectivity and infrastructure in general, and especially in rural areas, has also been a major topic in the previous session. I think that that is really an excellent point. And especially ensuring that people who would like to do something new, they don't have to move into a big city, but they can work on their solutions wherever they are empowering rural communities through infrastructure. Brenda? Yeah. So I'll speak about this from both country perspective, Africa-wide perspective, but also global perspective. I'm just very glad that the innovation ecosystem is global in a way because I can connect with all of you amazing entrepreneurs via Zoom, via this platform. And I met Regina at the ITU Young Innovators competition which was a long time ago, but we connected, I'm from Uganda and I connected with so many people out of my country. And I got so much support in terms of mentorship and actually the funding, all the funding that I have got as a business has come from outside of my country. Now that's a great thing, but it's also a big, it highlights a problem for the Ugandan ecosystem. A typical Ugandan investor will invest in land, a piece of land or a building and they will not invest in a startup, right? So it's taking people from outside of my country to actually support this. It's funny because two weeks ago, Paystack was bought by Stripe for $200 million and I read a story that the Paystack guys asked the government to invest in them a long time ago and they refused. So this here comes Stripe and Visa and bigger companies from outside of our ecosystems that are seeing the opportunities that we're not seeing. So I think in a way, the challenge is how can we, people within our ecosystems also create the value and the change that we want to see within our continents as of course external people in other countries are also seeing the opportunities here. So I think it's a win and a loss on one side and the other. I really appreciate what you said about an innovation ecosystem that doesn't necessarily have to be, it can be a village, it can be a region, it can be sub-Saharan Africa, but it can also be global, right? And as long as you have the access to that global innovation ecosystem that is probably a good solution to, I really hope that people who are sitting on this panel today are actually going to be the ones who are going to be creating the future and just bringing in all the good practices and altering them to ensure that the local innovation ecosystem can work in a happy and healthy way. Abdinore, would you like to say something? Yeah, I kind of like their suggestion by Brenda. Actually, it's true that most of the African startups are never funded by African people. Most of them are not even bought or funded by African, what do you call, they're once with the money. And that's a very, what do you call a very, very discouraging point. And actually, if you tell an African guy, hey, let's build a hundred million story building, they go look for money, bring it, but when it comes to startups, actually no one's really like to invest in startups. But in Kenya, I think Africa is also waking up. In Kenya right now, we have a startup bill by the Senate, which I hope is going to play a very important role in supporting Cubation and the startups. We are joining the likes of Tunisia and Senegal, which already adopted the startup bill. And I hope that startup bill is going to be a blessing to us because as we speak right now, we in Kenya especially, we have a hard time as a startup because of the bureaucratic nature of the institutions. Like for example, my app has to go through the Ministry of Education. For you to get the approval from the Ministry of Education, you have to maybe pay a lot of money as a startup to get approved. Maybe your startup is in the health sector, you have to go through the health ministry for you to get approved. So you see going through the government offices is really, really trouble. So sometimes you might even take two years to go through the approval by the relevant ministries for you even to go to market. So I think if we have maybe a very nice startup bill where your startup gets tax relief maybe or maybe funding by the government, by your government, instead of looking for an outside investor, it will be, I think all those things has been captured by the startup bill. So let's see if it goes through. Thank you. Brilliant, thank you very much. Financing and just kind of making the bureaucratic processes somewhat easier and legislative measures to help people make their dreams happen as it is obviously so important for every single society. That, yeah, that entrepreneurs can thrive. We have a question from Swapcard and we need to wrap up in two minutes. So I'm going to have to ask everyone to maybe just answer in one word or half a sentence. So it's a quarter of a tweet, let's say it that way. What kind of support from your local, regional or international even ecosystems, let's say, have you received? And so, yeah, if you had a wish for a government and other ecosystem actors, what would that be? So if you had one wish, what would you wish for? Just one, two, three words, please. But I would like to hear from everyone and let's do this in alphabetical order once again. So let's start with Abdinur. I wish that we had fully equipped incubation and startup support hubs in our regions where everyone with a crazy idea can just walk in and then get supported financially and in terms of information and also networking. All right, thank you very much. Crazy ideas to be supported. Brenda? My wish is for us to build an ecosystem that chants out paystacks every now and then. My wish is that we grow and develop our local South African economy because the borders are closed. So to use cross-collaboration with other support systems and besides the film industry to find common denominators with other systems, ecosystems and collaborate with them. Exchange of best practices, so to say. Thank you very much, Henry. Yes, my own wish is we as entrepreneurs, we should start thinking about investing in various and fellow entrepreneurs like being an investor. We shouldn't wait for these other people out there to come to invest in our own ecosystems. We can do it. So I think a $10 will help a small young entrepreneur to start something or maybe a computer laptop will help an entrepreneur to start something. So I see innovations in the U.S. where they invest in training you how to code and you will pay only when you have started working. So that's a long-term investment but we don't see that. I think we should start like trying to invest in young entrepreneurs ourselves because we can spend some 10, 50, 20 or a $100 bill. So we can start doing that. Thank you. Thank you very much. This could happen in Abdu Noor's innovation hub where crazy ideas are shared and then co-founded. James? The legislation that is geared towards startups and small businesses and stronger and better enforcement of intellectual property. All right. Thank you. And finally, May, what would be your wish? I wish to work with ministries of communication and education all over the African countries because most investors don't like to invest in education. All right. Thank you very, very much for all your insights. I wish we had another hour because I know that we would have a lot more to share but now I have to pass the word onto the regional director so that we can wrap up the final session and the regional forum. Thank you very much for participating in this. It was really lovely to see you all.