 Good evening aspirants welcome to the hindi news analysis by Shankar Ayes academy for the date 4th of June 2021 These are the list of news articles that we have taken for today's analysis Here we have given you the page numbers of these articles in different editions of hindi newspaper So now let us start our first discussion It is based on these news articles and these news articles talk about a sinking cargo ship off the coast of Sri Lanka And this ship is named as Express Pearl See it is a Singapore registered cargo ship It left Indian port and it was heading for Colombo It is said that the ship was carrying around 25 tons of nitric acid along with other chemicals and cosmetics Which included plastics also But unfortunately the ship caught fire on 20th May while it was anchored at the Colombo port It is believed that the fire was caused by nitric acid leak Now because of this pollution from the ship has already reached the stretches of Sri Lanka's western coastline And these polluting materials include millions of plastic pellets These plastic pellets are the raw materials for shopping bags But other than this there were no casualties So there is huge plastic waste on the coast of Sri Lanka Which threatens to devastate its local environment It is because these plastics have caused micro plastic pollution And it is feared that this could cause years of ecological damage to Sri Lanka And because of this some of Sri Lanka's most pristine beaches That are close to its city of Negombo are worst hit So even officials call this incident as worst beach pollution in Sri Lanka's history Therefore fishing also has been banned along an 80 kilometer stretch of coast near the ship But fortunately as of now Sri Lankan officials have scooped out tons of tiny plastic granules already But experts say that the plastic pellets that are still in the sea Could travel as far as India, Indonesia and Somalia So this was the scenario so far But in addition to its cargo the ship also contained around 278 tons of bunker fuel oil And 50 tons of gas oil And there are also about 20 containers full of lubricating oil That means it also contains tons and tons of oil So now since the ship is sinking officials fear that oil spill may also be caused by this ship So they are preparing for oil spill containment if it happens In this context let us see about oil spill and also about micro plastic pollution And the devastation caused by these on the environment See first let us see about micro plastic as you know plastic is everywhere And a lot of it even ends up in the ocean Now most plastics in the ocean break up into very small particles Now these small plastic bits are called micro plastics More specifically if we say micro plastics are small plastic pieces That are less than 5 millimeters long Now note that there are two categories of micro plastics based on how they are formed First one is the primary micro plastics They are tiny particles designed for the commercial use So some plastics are intentionally designed to be small like the one in this image And these are called as micro beads Now these are very tiny particles of manufactured polyethylene plastic And they are added as exfoliants to certain health and beauty products Such as some cleansers and toothpaste contain these micro beads So micro beads are used in many health and beauty products Now other than micro beads the microfibers shed from clothing And other textiles such as fishing nets They also constitute primary micro plastics Now the second category is the secondary micro plastics These are particles that result from the breakdown of larger plastic items Such as water bottles This breakdown is caused by exposure to environmental factors Such as the sun's radiation and ocean waves Now these micro plastics mainly the micro beads As they are tiny particles They easily pass through water filtration systems And they end up in the ocean and great lakes Because of this they pose a potential threat to aquatic life Because the aquatic life and even sometimes birds Can mistake these micro plastics for food and they eat them Which in turn results in the death of these species So that is all about micro plastics Notice here about oil spill First what is oil spill? It is the leakage of petroleum onto the surface of a large body of water Mainly oceans and large rivers Now such oil spills have become a major environmental problem since 1960s It is mainly because of the intensified petroleum exploration and production On the continental shelves Other than this the other reason for oil spill Was the use of super tankers That is the usage of large cargo ships That are capable of transporting more than lakhs of tons of oil Like the one which we are discussing today Now what happens is that in most of these cases Oil spills are caused by accidents in the tankers In these ships or in the pipelines Or in refineries or in the storage facilities Now other reasons also include negligence of people Who are involved in petroleum production Then breakdown of equipment that is used for its production is also a reason Then sometimes natural disasters such as cyclone tsunami Are also reason for oil spills And apart from this sometimes deliberate acts By terrorists and countries at war Even cause oil spill So because of these reasons Several major and minor oil spills are reported across the world each year Now even last year in June If you remember One such incident happened in Russia Where a fuel tank in a power plant of Russia collapsed And around 20,000 tons of diesel Was leaked into the Umbarnaya river of Russia And this exactly happened in the Russian industrial city of Norilsk Which is in the Siberian region So you can remember these places Umbarnaya river is in Russia In its Siberian region Now such release of lakhs of tons of oil Causes not only huge economic loss But it also causes ecological damages It is because oceanic oil spills Prevents sufficient amounts of sunlight from penetrating the surface It also reduces the level of dissolved oxygen Therefore it threatens the aquatic life Then this oil also destroys the insulating ability of far-bearing mammals Such as sea otters So it is also harmful to the species Then it is also harmful to the water repelling abilities of a bird's feather Therefore it exposes these creatures to the harsh elements Now many birds and animals also swallow oil Which can in turn poison them So remember that depending on just when and where a spill happens From a few birds up to hundreds or thousands of birds and mammals Can be killed or they can be injured due to the oil spill Other than this, oil spills can also damage the habits of animals And it affects their rate of reproduction And such oil spills also cause significant damage to the plant life For example, saltwater marshes and mangroves Are two notable shore ecosystems Which are frequently affected by oil spills Other than this, they also pollute the beaches So that means if beaches and populated shorelines are damaged Then it will also affect our tourism and commerce And if due to the oil spill, when the fish population gets contaminated The fishing industry is also affected And that is why we say that a short-term oil spill Can even cause a long-term environmental damage and economic loss And because of this only, even before it happens The Sri Lankan officials are preparing for the oil spill Now one of the common methods that is used to clean such oil spill Is the using of oil spill containment booms As you can see the one in this picture Now these containment booms are floating barrier That is commonly used to contain the spread of spill oil So let us hope that the environmental department of Sri Lanka Takes necessary actions to mitigate the effect of the pollution caused by microplastics And a future oil spill to the minimum So that is all from this discussion Today in this discussion we saw about What is happening off the coast of Sri Lanka We saw about microplastic pollution and oil spills Now let us move on to the next discussion Our next discussion is based on these news articles And they talk about the third edition of SDG India Index It was released by Nithya Iyer recently So in this context let us discuss elaborately about SDG India Index Its indicators and also the important findings relevant for the examination Now the syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference First as you know the sustainable development goals Or the SDGs are the most ambitious and unifying development agenda That were ever produced And India played a prominent role in the formulation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 And even much of our country's national development agenda Is mirrored in the SDGs So at a time when the countries around the world Have been considering how to implement SDGs And how to measure success against the goals Our Nithya Iyer brought out this SDG India Index In the year 2018 That is it was launched in 2018 And from then on the index has been comprehensively documenting And ranking the progress that are made by the states and Unit entries of our country towards achieving the sustainable development goals So in this regard the SDG India Index 2021 It was developed in collaboration with the United Nations in India And this 2020-21 index Tracks the progress of all states and union territories On around 115 indicators Now these indicators are aligned with the National Indicator Framework of Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation of Government of India So now why such an index is important Mainly because now we have reached the third year And the index has become a primary tool For monitoring the progress on SDGs in India Apart from this it has also simultaneously fostered Competition among the states and union territories to perform better And most importantly in its first edition That came in 2018 The SDG India Index only covered 13 goals Along with 62 indicators But in its third edition That is in the recent edition of 2021 It covers 16 goals On 115 quantitative indicators Along with a qualitative assessment on goal 17 So now how these scores are calculated Know that overall state and union territories Scores are generated from goal-wise scores And this is done to measure the aggregate performance of the sub-national unit Based on their performance across 16 SDGs Now these scores range between 0 to 100 So that means if a state or union territory Has a score of 100 It means that it has achieved the 2030 targets Listed in the SDGs Now this also means that The lower the score of a state or unit The higher the distance to the target achieved Now based on this The states and union territories are also classified That is they are classified based on the SDG India Index score Now if the score is between 0 to 49 They are classified into aspirant And if the score is between 50 to 64 They are classified into performer And if the score is between 65 to 99 Then they are classified as front runner And if they have the score of perfect 100 Then they are classified as achiever So based on these basic information About the SDG India Index Now let us see the important findings of 2020-21 index First let us see the national level findings See the country's overall SDG score Has improved by 6 points In 2019 the overall score was 60 And now it has improved to 66 In 2021 Now this improvement is largely driven By exemplary country-wide performance In two goals mainly the goal 6 and goal 7 Goal 6 is regarding clean water and sanitation And goal 7 is regarding affordable and clean energy And as you can see in this graphical representation India has scored 83 in clean water and sanitation goal And India has scored 92 in the affordable and clean energy goal And like that you can find the overall India results For 2019-20 and 2020-21 in this graph Now let us come to the state-wise results Among the states, Kerala again retained its position At the top of ranking It has a score of 75 Now Kerala is followed by Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh And at the other end of the scale That is at the bottom we have Bihar, Jharkhand and Assam These were classified as the least performing states Among this Bihar has scored 52 Jharkhand has scored 56 And Assam has scored 57 Now other than these rankings The index also provides the states or UTs Which has performed better compared to the last year So based on this The top gainers in 2020-21 In terms of improvement in score from 2019 Are the states of Mizoram, Haryana and Uttarakhand And they have an increase in the score Between 8 to 12 points Next let us see the category-wise data See in 2019 Only 10 states or UTs Belonged in the category of front runners But now 12 more states or UTs Find themselves in this category For example Uttarakhand, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Jamun, Kashmir and Ladakh They have graduated to the category of front runners So in this representation You can see the states in each categories And as you can see there is no state In the aspirant category And in the achiever category And you can see where your state has been categorized And here you can take note of Where your state has been listed Now apart from this The index also provides top states or UTs Based on each goal So for example if you see Tamil Nadu and Delhi They have topped in SDG 1 SDG 1 is related to no poverty And then Kerala and Chandigarh They have topped in SDG 2 Which is related to zero hunger So like this here is the list of all the goals And the states which have topped in these goals So you can take note of Whether your state or unitary features in this list And you can use that point in your main sensor writing So these are some of the points That you need to know from exam perspective About the SDG India index And its findings Now let us move on to the next discussion Our next discussion is based on this news article Which is a result of an interesting fiasco or failure Surrounding the charges of an economic offense This is related to the fugitive economic offender Mehul Choksi So in this context Today let us discuss the statutes Which chased him down And who is a fugitive economic offender And the issue in hand We will also see the background of this issue The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here For your reference See Mehul Choksi was a diamond merchant in our country And few months ago That is in 2018 He was charged for defrauding As he defaulted 13,000 crore from Punjab National Bank And SBI So now Choksi is facing the criminal proceedings By both central bureau of investigation And by enforcement directorate Now after he defaulted 13,000 crores He fled to Antigua and Barbuda in 2018 And even he took citizenship there So based on this Earlier Interpol has also issued a red notice Against Choksi For the financial crimes he committed in India As you know A red notice is a request to the law enforcement worldwide For locating and provisionally arresting a person Who is pending extradition And surrendering him Or conducting a similar legal action So this red notice alerts Polis worldwide About internationally wanted fugitives Here you should remember that in December 2019 A special court had declared Choksi's nephew That is Neeraj Modi A fugitive economic offender And now as a new development Choksi has been traced in Dominica Which is very near Antigua So to bring him back to India Indian government has sent a team of eight officials Including from CBI and Ministry of External Affairs To secure Choksi's deportation to India But this process is being halted As he is being tried in Dominica For illegally entering the island So this is the background So now let us see what are the Legislations under which Cases were filed against him It includes the Prevention of Money Laundering Act of 2002 And then Prevention of Corruption Act of 1988 And later even his assets worth of 329 crores Have been confiscated Under the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act of 2018 And this happened after he was declared A Fugitive Economic Offender Here know that only one piece of law chased him down To the distant lands of Dominica And this is the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act of 2018 And that is why today we are going to focus On this Act more See this Act mainly defines Who is a Fugitive Economic Offender According to this Act A person is a Fugitive Economic Offender Against whom an arrest warrant has been issued For committing an offence Listed in the Act And the value of the offence is at least rupees 100 crores See let us understand this better This Act allows for a person to be declared As a Fugitive Economic Offender on two conditions First is that an arrest warrant has been issued Against him for any specified offences Where the value involved is over 100 crore rupees And secondly A person can be declared a Fugitive Economic Offender If she or he has left the country And refuses to return To face prosecution in that country So a warrant for arrest is needed in relation To the Scheduled Offence That is the offences which are scheduled at the end of this Act And such a warrant is issued by a special court In India under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act See some of the offences listed in this schedule Include counterfeiting governments, stamps or currency Then check dishonor for insufficiency of funds Then money laundering Then transactions, defrauding creditors etc. So that means for a person to be declared Fugitive Economic Offender First, a arrest warrant has to be issued by a special court Let us see this process in detail now Firstly, an application will be filed in a special court And this is a court which is designated Under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act of 2002 Now the special court asks the person To appear before it with a notice period of at least six weeks So that means if the person appears within six weeks The proceedings will be terminated But if the person fails to appear before special court Then she or he can be designated as Fugitive Economic Offender Now this provision has two significance As you can see, it augments the power of Prevention of Money Laundering Act And secondly, the provision strives the return of the person back to India So now what will happen if a person is declared as a Fugitive Economic Offender? So once a person is declared so The properties of such a person may be confiscated And vested in the central government Now once confiscated, the properties are free of any claims In any court from the owners of the property That means the owners cannot reclaim that property Once it is confiscated until the proceedings are going on But this provision is largely criticized Saying that it violates the Article 21 of Indian Constitution As you know Article 21 is a fundamental right That is the right to life and liberty And this right to life also includes the right to access justice Here note that the government can confiscate A Fugitive Economic Offender's properties Other than which are secured to the banks That is the secured creditors And this is on the basis of court orders only However, the Act does not specify whether the central government Will share sale proceeds with unsecured creditors or not Now once such a judgment of special court is passed It can be appealed in the High Court within 30 days And this period is extendable up to 90 days If the High Court is satisfied with the reasons for delay Now another notable feature of the Act is that It allows the agencies to confiscate properties Even in foreign land These are the properties that belongs to the perpetrator In the foreign land So this is the first such feature in an Indian statute book Pertaining to Economic Offences And as we can see this is not an old Act It is quite a recent one Which has been framed after a slew of economic offenses And mainly this Act has enabled the law enforcement agencies To recover the fraud amount expeditiously So now the news is that Indian officials are in Dominica For the deportation of Mehul Choksi Now this deportation is based on the extradition treaty So this is where extradition plays its role Now we have discussed about extradition And the laws involved in extraditing a person On our February 26th Hindi News Analysis I request the viewers to view this analysis To know about extradition in India So with this let us move on to the next discussion Our next discussion is based on this news article Which discusses about the recently released World Bank study on black carbon This study is more concerned with the glacial milk In Himalayan region that is aggravated by the black carbon So in this discussion we will see about black carbon And its impacts And we'll also see the suggestions given by the study To mitigate the glacial milk The syllabus relevant to this discussion is given here For your reference See black carbon is a particulate or a component of Soot and this is emitted by the incomplete combustion Of fossil fuels and biomass Know that black carbon is produced both naturally And also by human activities Its primary sources include emissions from diesel engines Cook stars, wood burning and forest fires To be more clear industries such as primary Bricklands and residential burning of solid fuel Together account for around 45 to 66 percentage Of regional man-made black carbon deposition And then on-road diesel fuels account to around 7 to 18 Percentage of regional man-made black carbon deposition While open burning accounts to less than 3 percentage In all seasons Now note that one of the feature of black carbon Is that it is a short lived pollutant And it is the second largest contributor to global warming After carbon dioxide But black carbon can be quickly washed out And it can be eliminated from the atmosphere If emissions are stopped This is because unlike historical carbon emissions Black carbon has also localized sources With greater local impact Hence black carbon remains in the atmosphere Only for few weeks So cutting emissions would immediately reduce The rate of global warming also So in this regard let us see the impacts of black carbon In detail Firstly black carbon is an important contributor To global warming as you already saw Because it is very effective at absorbing light And heating its surroundings And secondly it influences cloud formation And it also impacts regional circulation And rainfall patterns In addition to this When black carbon is deposited on ice and snow They reduce the surface albedo That is the ability to reflect sunlight is reduced Now this ultimately leads to heating of the surface Hence this is the reason why Arctic and Glaciated regions such as Himalayas Are particularly vulnerable to melting caused by black carbon Then fourthly black carbon and its co-pollutants Are also key components of fine particulate matter PM 2.5 air pollution See we know that PM 2.5 air pollution Is the leading environmental cause of poor health And pre-michets So these are some of the impacts of black carbon Now let us discuss the study Which is mentioned in the news article See this study has been conducted by World Bank On the glaciers of Himalayas And this research study especially covers The Himalaya Karakoram and Hindakush mountain ranges Now the report released recently says that Glaciers are melting faster than the global average ice mass Now the fact which is produced to highlight this issue Mentioned that the rate of retreat of the glaciers In the Himalaya Karakoram and Hindakush mountain ranges Is estimated to be 0.3 meters per year in the west To 1.0 meter per year in the east Hence the study warns that black carbon adds to the impact Of climate change which needs to be prevented The study also makes it clear that current policies Such as enhancing fuel efficiency standards Facing out diesel vehicles And promoting electric cars alone Cannot reduce black carbon deposits It is because these initiatives reduces black carbon deposits Only by 23 percentage And also because with all the existing measures Waters from glacial milk is still projected to increase In absolute volume by the year 2040 And therefore it will also impact the downstream activities And communities In short, the existing policies alone cannot be enough To prevent an acceleration of water That releases from the glacier milk in the region So what can be the way forward to reduce the water release? So in this regard the study has provided certain suggestions First is reducing black carbon emissions from cookstows Diesel engines and open burning It is said that this would have the greatest impact In maintaining a greater portion of Himalayan glacial systems Then second suggestion is calling upon the regional governments To review policies on water management And there should be emphasis on basin-based regulation And use of price signals for efficiency In addition to this, it also suggests the careful planning And use of hydropower So as to reflect the changes in water flows And water availability in the region Also the study mainly recommends increasing the efficiency Of bricklands through proven technologies In addition to all these measures There must also be greater knowledge sharing in the Himalayan region So in this regard the World Bank study concludes By saying that regional collaboration is one best way To address the increasing glacier and snow melt In the Himalayan region So these are some of the suggestions given by the study In this discussion we saw about black carbon And its impact And how it is leading to the glacial melt in the Himalayan region Let us move on to the next discussion Now this news article mentions that Supreme Court Has squashed a case of sedition This case was filed against a journalist in Himachal Pradesh For allegedly making remarks against the prime minister So in this regard the Supreme Court has held that The remarks of the journalist Constituted genuine criticism of the government only And it could not be labeled seditious And while doing so The court has also reiterated the principles In the landmark case on sedition Which is the Kedarnath Singh versus Union of India case of 1962 See as you remember We have covered in detail about sedition on our 18th and 22nd May In the news analysis And today let us refresh what is sedition And we'll more focus on the case and the principles Listed by the Supreme Court regarding sedition See as you know section 124 A of IPC deals with sedition And since its inception It has always been in the controversial books Now the section 124 A of IPC Penalizes sedition as punishable with either imprisonment Which could range from three years to a lifetime Or a fine or even both Now this Kedarnath Singh case of 1962 Is an important case related to sedition Because it was an attempt to streamline the use of sedition By the government It is because at that time Governments have been using sedition rampantly And carelessly to prosecute individuals So basically in the 1962 case law Supreme Court mainly upheld the constitutional validity of the sedition law But along with this It also attempted to restrict the scope of this sedition law For prohibiting misuse And in this regard The Supreme Court has laid down seven principles And these seven principles Provides all of those scenarios Which doesn't contribute to sedition And in today's discussion We will discuss two most important of these seven principles That is relevant to the case which we are discussing And the first principle which we are going to discuss is This one It states that Comments however strongly worded Expressing disapprobation of actions of the government Without exciting those feelings Which generate the inclination To cause public disorder by acts of violence Would not be penal See, in simple words It means that Anything that doesn't have a perinicious effect Or a harmful effect on the public order and peace It shall not be considered seditious Then another important principle that we should know is With respect to the one which upheld Media freedom and freedom of speech It states that a citizen has a right to say or write Whatever he likes about the government Or his measures By way of criticism or comment So long as he does not incite people to violence Against the government established by law Or with the intention of creating public disorder So this principle made it clear that The citizens can convey opinion in any conceivable media Without causing any violence And we can say that The remarks of criticism by the journalist Would fall in these two categories only And that is why Supreme Court has quashed that case And we can see that This 1962 case law and the principles listed in it Is a remarkable effort to limit the misuse of sedition And if you see The significance of this verdict Also lies in the subsequent reiteration of Kedah Natsingh principles by the Supreme Court In its other cases And these other cases include Allavi v. state of Kerala And then Balwansingh And another v. state of Punjab etc So as a conclusion We can say that In the modern era of democracy Now the time has come To shun the provision of sedition from the statute books Because it unleashes the draconian power Even for a humble critic So that is all you need to know about This news article Now let us move on to the next discussion See This discussion is based on this opiate article Which talks about the National Museum in Delhi As we know The ongoing Central Vista redevelopment project Focuses on the expansion and extensive makeover Of the India Central Administrative Area Which is located in Rezina Hills in New Delhi Now as a part of this The National Museum Might also be demolished And relocated To the Central Vista area We know that National Museum is the repository of India's Rich history and proud heritage So in this regard The author of this opiate article Has welcomed this move And he has said that The current building has certain limitations In being a national institution So he has uploaded the relocation of National Museum As the new location will be more spacious And it could accommodate more collections and artifacts So in this context Let us discuss in brief about the National Museum See you know that The blueprint for establishing the National Museum in Delhi Was prepared by Morris Squire Committee Initially in 1940s An exhibition of Indian art Was organized by the Royal Academy of London And later it was decided to display the same collection In Delhi also And therefore An exhibition was organized in the Rashtrapati Bhavan In 1949 Now this event Proved responsible for the creation of the National Museum And as a result of which On August 15th of 1949 That is on our second independence anniversary The National Museum was inaugurated in the Rashtrapati Bhavan By Sri Raju Kapalachari At that time he was the Governor-General of India Then in the year 1955 The foundation of the present building Was laid by Pandit Javarlal Nehru Who was the then Prime Minister of India Then later the first phase of the National Museum Was formally inaugurated By Dr. Sarvabili Radhakrishnan Who was the then Vice President And this happened in 1960 And the second phase of the building was completed In the year 1989 So note that at present the museum holds around Two lakh objects It includes both Indian and foreign objects And it covers more than 5000 years of Indian cultural heritage Here you should note that The National Museum was initially looked after By the Director-General of Archaeology Until the year 1957 But after that the Ministry of Education declared The National Museum as a separate institution Under its direct control But note that at present The National Museum is under the Administrative control of Ministry of Culture So let us see some of the important functions Of the National Museum First and foremost function Is to collect art objects of historical, Cultural and artistic significance For the purpose of display, protection, Reservation and interpretation or research And its next function is to disseminate knowledge About the significance of the objects In respect of history, culture, And artistic excellence and achievements And third function is to serve as a cultural center For enjoyment and interaction of the people In artistic and cultural activity Along with this It also aims to serve as epitome of national identity So now this discussion is significant Because there are many criticisms Regarding the Central Westerie Development Project But the movement of this National Museum Has been applauded by the author of this editorial So if in a main's answer You are asked to list out the positives of this project You can list this as one of the positives So that is all about this discussion So with this we have come to the end of New articles discussion session Now we are moving to the next session Of Practice Questions Discussion Now this first question is a previous question That was asked in prelims 2019 The question asks Why is there a great concern about the microbeads That are released into environment? Options given are They are considered harmful to marine ecosystems They are considered to cause skin cancer in children They are small enough to be absorbed by crop plants In irrigated fields They are often found to be used as food adulterants Now during discussion We saw that microbeads are primary micro plastics And they are intentionally designed to be small They are very tiny pieces of manufactured polythylene Plastics And they are added as exfoliants to health And beauty products And we saw that the microbeads They easily pass through water filtration systems And they end up in the oceans And therefore they pose a potential threat To the aquatic life and birds Because they can mistake these microbeads for foods And they can consume them Which ultimately leads to the death of these Marine animals and birds So from this we can say that option A Is the correct answer Now we can eliminate all the other options Because as of now It has not been proved that it causes Any harmful effects on humans And these facts are also not yet been proved Now let us take this next question Which is a practice question on micro plastics Which of the following statements Are not correct with reference to micro plastics Statement one They are tiny plastic materials That result from both commercial product development And the breakdown of larger plastics Now during discussion We saw that micro plastics are of two categories One is primary micro plastics And second one is secondary micro plastics And just now we saw about primary micro plastics Now we saw that they are designed for commercial use And the secondary micro plastics are the ones Which are the result of breakdown of larger plastics So this statement is a correct statement Now the second statement is It includes the plastic particles in the range 5 to 10 millimeters See generally there are different varieties of plastics Such as micro plastics, mesoplastics Micro plastics, nanoplastics Micro beads or micro exfoliates And here micro beads are also micro plastics Nanoplastics are also micro plastics And the ones which are in the range of 5 to 10 millimeters They are called as mesoplastics And they are comparatively larger than micro plastics And here is the definition for all these terms So simply you should know the definitions of these terms To attend a question in problems So this is an incorrect statement Because micro plastics are typically less than 5 millimeters Now the third statement is It is used in health and beauty products This is a correct statement We saw that micro plastics Which includes micro beads They are used in personal care products Such as toothpaste and facial cleansers And here the question asks for the statements Which are not correct with reference to micro plastics And here only one statement is incorrect So the correct answer is option B2 only Now this next question is with reference to SDG India index of 2020-21 First statement is it is developed by Nitya Ayog In collaboration with United Nations in India This statement is correct We saw this during discussion Second statement is as per the 2021 index There are no achiever state or unilaterary in India This statement is also correct Along with this we saw that there are also no aspirin states So that means it makes statement 3 also as an incorrect statement And here the question asks for the correct statements So the correct answer is option A1 and 2 only Now this next question is a direct question It asks the National Museum located in New Delhi Was inaugurated by which of the following governor generals of India Lord Lytton, Lord Drippen, Lord Mount Patten C Rajukopalachari And the correct answer is option C Rajukopalachari We saw this during discussion Now this next question is based on black carbon First statement is on-road diesel fuels And open burning amounts to more than 50 percentage Of regional man-made black carbon deposition Now this statement is incorrect Because during discussion itself we saw that industries Such as primary Britons and residential burning of solid fuel They together account for around 45 to 66 percentage Of regional man-made black carbon deposits Whereas these on-road diesel fuels and open burning They account together to around 10 to 20 percentage Of man-made black carbon deposition So this statement is incorrect Now the second statement is black carbon is a key component Of fine particulate matter air pollution This statement is correct Because during discussion itself we saw that black carbon And its co-pollutants are key components of fine particulate Matter PM 2.5 air pollution And here the question asks for the correct statements So the correct answer is option B 2 only Now this next question asks Kedarnath Singh case Often found in news is relevant to which of the following Defamation provisions, sedition provisions, content Of code provisions none of the above And the correct answer is option B sedition provisions We saw even two important principles listed in this case By the Supreme Court today Now let us take one main's question based on GS paper 3 This question is about fugitive economic offenders act You have to discuss the features of the act And critically analyze its provisions That is you have to say the positives and also the negatives You can answer this question and post it in the comment section For peer review With this we come to the end of today's Hindi news analysis If you like the video don't forget to like, comment and share And do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel For more updates related to civil service examination preparation