 Type 2 diabetes, T2D, is a metabolic disorder caused by high levels of blood sugar and insulin resistance. It is believed that oxidative stress is a major contributing factor to the development of T2D. Oxidative stress is generated when there is an excessive amount of free radicals in the body, which can damage cells and tissues. Mitochondria are the main source of these free radicals, and they are also responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP. When there is too much glucose and not enough oxygen, the mitochondria become overloaded and generate more free radicals than usual. This leads to increased oxidative stress, which can then trigger endoplasmic reticulum, or stress. ER stress is also a source of free radicals, and it can further exacerbate the situation. Furthermore, the tight connection between mitochondria and the ER allows the free radicals produced in one organelle to spread to the other, leading to a vicious cycle of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This can ultimately result in insulin resistance, which is a key feature of T2. This article was authored by Estefania Burgos-Moran, Zayda Abad-Himenez, Franceso Martinez de Marañón, and others. We are article.tv. Links in the description below.