 From the CUBE Studios in Palo Alto in Boston, connecting with thought leaders all around the world, this is a CUBE Conversation. Hello and welcome to today's session of the 2021 AWS Global Public Sector Awards for the award of Best Migration Solution. I'm your host, Natalie Erlich, and now we are joined by very special guests. We have Omar Inam, application modernization leader at Deloitte Consulting and Bart Mason, technology lead for the Office of Recovery Services at the Utah Department of Human Services. Welcome gentlemen, good to have you on the show. Thank you. Thank you for having us. Well, terrific. I'd love to hear more about your migration from mainframe to AWS, Bart, let's start with you. The state of Utah has a mainframe system and we have our child support application that was first developed in 1996 on the mainframe written in COBOL. The application served us well through the 24 years that we had it running on the mainframe. The issue was that the mainframe, it was getting difficult to find people who knew how to program in COBOL, but the biggest problems were any type of modernization we were pretty much stuck to using what are called green screens. And there was no real easy way to do any type of modernization. And a lot of our applications that were public facing or employee facing a lot of those web applications had to be written in a separate system and set up to connect and talk to the mainframe system. So it was a system that served us well but it was time to try and figure out what are we going to do about this because the mainframe was expensive and it was old technology that didn't let us advance to where we wanted to go in the future. So roughly about 2016, we started to investigate what are the possible ways that we can migrate our child support application off the mainframe. And we went through discussions such as a complete rewrite where we would start from the very beginning and rewrite our child support application. The child support application is a case management and an accounting system. And if we would have done a total rewrite, we were told it would be upwards of $200 million to do a complete rewrite. We started looking at other possibilities and came across one possibility and that is to do a migration off of the mainframe into the cloud. It would be a pre-session where we could do a lift and shift and basically take the code, change it into Java and put it into the cloud running in EC2 instances. So we called it an intermediate step to modernization because it would get us one step to where we need to go. And for modernization it helps us to, since the language it was migrated to was Java, it made it so that we could do modernization. And we decided that if we did a lift and shift from the mainframe to AWS that we could modernize at our own pace, we could modernize screen by screen or function by function. So it gave us the ability to control rollouts and getting our application to where we needed to be. Terrific. And Omar, I'd love it if you could weigh in as well. What was the support that you provided towards this migration? Yeah, of course. So as Bart pointed out, the state was looking for a approach that had a high chance of success, high probability of user adoption with minimal impact to the organization at the same time have the ability for the state to maintain and modernize at their own pace. So we worked with Bart and explained to him a few options and one of the options was using a automated code and data conversion approach where we take legacy programming languages like NachoBo and convert them into Java, just like translating the code from one language to another. And in the process, we guarantee that your new system will work exactly, it will be functionally equivalent of what you do currently. And at the same time, it minimizes the risk and also allows the state to have no issues with their business continuity and additional training for their staff. So in the nutshell, we brought in a solution demonstrated to Bart and team and they bought into that idea that this is exactly what they want to do as a first step. And as we speak, we are working with the state to help them take that system in the cloud to the next level. Now we have unlocked the potential of digital transformation. Bart can build mobile apps in front of that application that the state can build new analytics capabilities for that their employees can be more productive in providing services to the citizen. They can implement native capabilities from AWS to implement a process automation, implement some artificial intelligence-based tools to optimize the processes and make life easy and better for their employees. At the same time, more importantly, serve the citizens in a better way. And Bart, I'd love it if you could share some further details on some of the considerations that you had, such as risk and whether it could be used later in the future. The biggest thing, the biggest risk to us was that if we, as we migrated off the mainframe, there's a risk that we have to recertify our system with the Office of Child Support Enforcement in Washington, DC. When we build a system, a child support system, we're required to have them come in and do an assessment of our application and certify that it is an application that can be used for child support. If we would have done a rebuild from scratch, the risk would be that first a rebuild from what we've seen can take anywhere from five to 10 years. I've already touched on how expensive it is, but it takes up to five or what we've seen up to 10 years to do a complete rewrite. And the risk for us was that if we did a complete rewrite, we would still be on the mainframe for quite a long time. And we would have to have our system recertified with OCSE and that can take anywhere from five to 10 years for a recertification too. So the risk was that if we did anything with the complete rewrites, it would be several, several years going through rewrites and recertifications to get our system up and running in AWS. And the other problem would be that taking that amount of time would also, it would bring us probably not up to date with the current technologies as we did our rewrite because we'd be focused on rewriting that application and not taking advantages of services and applications that come up and can help us with our rewrite. So one of the biggest risks was that we'd have to do a recertification with OCSE with the migration coming off the migration because it is a one-for-one migration where it went from COBOL to Java. We did not have to do a recertification. This allowed us to move the application as is and it functioned the exact same way that recertification was not a problem for us. OCSE said that, told us that it was not a risk or an issue that we'd have to take on. So the biggest risk was recertification for us but with the migration and moving into the cloud, we went through their security processes and we came out without any big issues coming out of that. Fantastic, thank you. Omar, I'd love to go to you now. What are some of the unique benefits of working with AWS? Sure, I think the biggest benefit is there the extensive services that are available and having the proven platform where you cut down your operational costs drastically. So comparing the mainframe cost with the Amazon cloud cost, clearly the state has benefited a lot from the saving standpoint, infrastructure saving standpoint. And at the same time now, as I said, the system is in the cloud running on open architecture on in the Java programming language. The AWS cloud provides us several capabilities natively which allows the state to use, to digitally transform the experience for the citizens and employees by implementing modern DevOps practices for managing the operating the system, providing new capabilities to workers and supervisors from analytics, for analytics to a business process automation, having better call center integration capabilities and so forth. So there are endless opportunities and the state is in the process of executing on a productized list. Just before the pandemic hit, we worked with the state to lay out the future for their system and for their organization in the form of a one day innovation lab where major stakeholders from the state gathered with Deloitte and we worked through a productization process and determined how we can take this system to the next level and really digitally transform the system and in the process, provide new services and better services to state employees and the citizen. Yeah, terrific insight there. Now, I'd like to shift it to you asking the same question. What are your thoughts on working with AWS? Why choose them for this? We have always have been looking at moving a lot of our applications into the cloud. We've been looking at that for several years. The advantages of moving to AWS is from my point of view and state's point of view is that AWS provides a lot of services and it provides the capability for us to do a lot more for our applications. So for example, when we were on the mainframe, one of the biggest problems that we had was disaster recovery. We had a disaster recovery site in the southern end of our state with another mainframe that we would sync up with our application. The problem was that we have over 100 data connections. We connect to banks, external entities, internal entities. We have different type of connections. We have to do printing. We have to print checks and several things. Disaster recovery on the mainframe was something that we were never really capable of doing. We could get our application up and running but it just sat on the mainframe. We had no data connections. All that was extremely difficult and extremely expensive to do for disaster recovery on a mainframe and an alternate sites. Moving to AWS, one of the biggest things for us was that disaster recovery requirements because now that we're in AWS, it makes it more easier for us to spin up servers when servers go down, restore servers when they go down. We have all of our data connections in one location and as systems become unrecoverable or have issues, it's easy for us to spin up another one or several in their place or even our data connection because they're all located in one place and we're using them all of the time. So disaster recovery was one of the big key components for us. The other component was that as we modernize our application, we're looking at what AWS services are out there to help us with modernization. We're looking at services such as AWS Batch to replace our batch system. We're looking at databases to replace the current database that we're using. We're looking at using containers to containerize our applications and our OSIS application and also microservices. So moving out the mainframe was the first step and putting it all into servers in an EC2 instance, but then we look and say, okay, how can we do this and make this more modern and run better and more efficient? And we started looking at all the AWS services that are out there that run outside of an EC2 instance. For example, and we see that there's an endless possibility and endless capabilities that we have at our fingertips to say, okay, we're off the mainframe list, modernized by moving to batch or let's start looking at containers and things like that to help us with our application. So disaster recovery and the available services that we can move to to help us with our applications, what we look at. Well, thank you both so much for your insights. Bart Mason, Utah Department of Human Services as well as Omar Inam, Deloitte Consulting and LLP. I'm your host for the queue. Thanks so much for watching.