 so actually this will be about the result what happens in architecture when you have to push down your feelings after you paid your taxes to the Holy Roman Emperor and you've still got to pay your taxes to the Ottoman Sultan so it's about you know wine but to start we're going to be in Central Europe in Slovakia in the vicinity or actually in the in the downtown of the town Kruppina which is located on the very northern edge of Carpathian Bezin. The location was settled slowly from the Carpathian Bezin by the prospector searching for ores like silver, gold and copper which was in abundance here. It was colonized in different waves each somehow after the ores were vanished or couldn't be not produced by the temporary technology so it was in a later age it was colonized from a new this is a micro scale colonization by in the in the Middle Ages where the Slavic tribes came from the south obtaining the silver ores from the mountains of Štelnica here and the process ended up with establishing a Romanesque settlement from 12th century here but it wasn't very much it declined because pretty early to these verbats sex and colonization has established another settlement right here in 1238 which is very early because the sex and colonization in Hungary usually appears after the Mongol raids which was 1241 when the country was almost almost settlement less left so it was because because of the presence of the silver ore because Kruppina is situated on the strategic position between the mining towns and the southern agricultural background for the which supplied the mining towns the country the town evolved into a fortress well it wasn't fortified until until 16th century because it was an interior town in deep inside of the country but after the Mohawk battle of 1526 when the Hungarian army was made by the Ottoman forces it so became a frontier fortress so and very one more important date is a year 1523 when the Ottomans took over the 3m region in Serbia which was the main product of wine in Eastern and Central Europe and actually they occupied most of the regions in Eastern Central Europe where wine could be grown here so reconstruction of ecological limits of wine production in the 18th century which was made according to the first military of Habsburg Empire which depicts different kind of environment including many arts and we are right here on the very edge so that's why before this Ottoman invasion into the central part of Hungary it wasn't too much economically important to grow wine here although it was done but wasn't too much of a thing here here but as you see here during the frontier ages very very big part of the state of the town was used as vineyards which are all the purple areas so to so we decided to work with this Pro-Matico to deeper we went into the terrain for a survey to find some remnants of the wine production and to somehow find out if this map is accurate and we visited a couple of sites which were not destroyed by later agriculture and other other works and we discovered except for the old trading room between mining towns which is in all these historical maps and was found there and we found relics of old vineyards in different sites and on this one side there was a single single single rock cut storage cellar which was almost impossible to somehow survey because it was later redone with concrete and just right here there's a railway track so there's nothing no place for any excavation or anything but these are the types of vineyards but inside inside the town inside the both city we found out that there are there's lots of storage rooms for the wine which was in this time the the basic of the economy of the town and for this is responsible the geology geology where it is green areas represent the rock into which the architecture was cut it is it is actually volcanic soft volcanic rock okay so here here we see the distribution of the the red the red areas are the rock cut cellars and the green vines are the extended modified modified areas where the rugged soil is is there so as we see there are there they're mostly in the in the in this part because this part is located on on the fluol sediments so there was no place to to make any rock art rock art architecture basic pattern of the rock Rensen source is so like this they're always accessible from the street with on street level or slightly going down then there is a rock built entrance entrance hall which is followed by staircase into a long or shorter gallery which could be somewhere divided into side galleries or as you see here here's a three-level it's so it's pretty deep under the street level it's from four to nine meters under the level of the street and it does not respect the pots of the of the city or the town the common features the staircases which are often made of stone slabs or wooden wooden slabs which only in this one single case were preserved on the other wooden vernal preserved there are present ventilation shafts which are in the in the more more in the bigger sellers connected from different galleries into one single ventilation shaft less common features are water resources like wells or or systems of this system is the biggest one which is so some four and four meters in the ground plan and there is only one single solar there's there's something like a niche or something another on the wall because there are all of them are plain with no details just in the single one there are there are small candle niches for them some of the sellers are pretty complicated in in the ground plan some some in some in some instances two separate original separate systems were intentionally merged into one because we have two original entrances into two original systems which were later on merged by cutting through this part and they indicate that this today single town hall was originally house originally two different houses on two different plots but later on it was merged together in some instances there was some of the systems were merged unintentionally like in this case where you can see a very narrow place where they were merged together and to be the residue of the of the way that they were made that there was some beginning there was made a narrow low reconnaissance gallery which were to check out the geology and if there is not there's no another seller in the front and even after after it was okay the whole gallery was made to its full width and height the all the all the galleries I have a almost uh identical width and height which is uh from 60 160 to 180 centimeters only this one is almost double as wide as wide but still the height is still the same uh one one system is unique this this one which has double two levels which the blue one is the higher level which is stone built and underneath is the liberal level which is a stone cut only in a few instances were preserved with technology marks which is due to the material which is pretty fragile and it's and it's only falling apart so only in these three instances the marks were preserved and it shows that it was made by possible hand hand tools of middle ages and for instance like iron iron mining iron and hammer which comes to the which comes to the conclusion that it was made by miners of those called by mining towns which were in trade with with this town the closest mining town is actually only some 15 kilometers away so they're actually they were in close touch there are also some other type of salars in the town in the in the place where where those google deposits are and there's no rock to pad into they're just normal stone will build stone will build single or double spaced or or in this one instead triple spaced sellers the purpose of all of these sellers is is clear it was for storage of wine and other goods just because the architecture of the town didn't allow any other storage storage places you can see it so very very densely built and comparing it to other town from this region where you have plenty of plenty of sorry space so here's the historical context and you will see that this is only place which was never very good wine and have economical profit from that which was never inside of the Ottoman empire so that helps us to date the the expense of the economic potential of the wine we have for dating some of these only these architectural details can help us for some dating because this uniform portal right here and to this one portal is from the now already collapsed town hall it is designed with wine grape motif which from 1545-48 which shows the that the wine grape was very important for the for the citizens we can try to date the analogy we know that but it doesn't help too much because we have the data from 1558 until 20th century with the surrounding localities with similar technology marks yes we have another system like this from the western part of Hulaki in least from 16th to 17th century and so that's thank you for your attention