 الحمد لله رب العالمين له الحمد الحسن، والثناء الجميل، وشد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له يقول الحق، وهو يهد السبيل، وشد أن سيدنا ونبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وأصحابه والتابعين لهم بحسان إلى يوم الدين أما بعد إن شاء الله وإتعالى today we're going to be starting a subject, a science that we haven't done before we haven't studied before, it's the first time that we're studying it and this science is very important, extremely important it's called any individual who wants to use evidence, proof, arguments for a position that you hold in the religion the scholars they say two conditions have to be met if you want to use the textual evidence the Qur'an or the sunnah it has to meet two criteria, it has to meet two conditions the scholars they say نص مصدق that's one, two بحث وحقق any individual who wants to use evidence, wants to use proof those are the two criteria that need to be met what are they, what does it mean نص مصدق means that the textual evidence that you're using is authentic are we all together the text that you're going to use the delil that you're using is authentic, is it صحيح go verify this science, what deals with it is مصطلح الحديث what science deals with this مصطلح الحديث there's a science called مصطلح الحديث it's called science of hadith it talks about whether a hadith is accepted or rejected because authenticity is not checked for the Qur'an the Qur'an is authentic نحن لدي الله عز و جل and of course we're talking about the قراءات which are متواترة are we all together the second is بحث محقق بحث محقق means you're using evidence and you're using it for a particular situation that there's a relationship between the two there's a علاقة for example I want to say خمر is حرام and then somebody said to me خمر is حرام and I said yes it's حرام and then he said what's your delil and then I said what's شمسي و ضحاها do you see the problem here is my evidence authentic it is authentic but the evidence that I brought and the thing that I'm trying to use it for is the relationship between the two the science that deals with this is أصول الفق this is where this science plays the role that it plays أصول الفق is where you study to be precise and accurate in the usage of your delil does that make sense and that's how important it is when you're dealing with a lot of the times you tend to find that people are using an evidence that has no relationship with what with what they're using it for and you can't identify that you cannot see that flaw if you haven't studied the science if you've not taken on the science you won't be able to any individuals using evidence those two are needed if you do fulfill those two criteria you will generally be correct your argument will be sound your proofs will be strong your evidence will be taken into consideration and so that's why أصول الفق is a science that is greatly needed it is what a science that's greatly needed we will talk about how it came about and everything and how it was documented but today what we want to do is we want to first define أصول الفق and I just want to give you guys a glad tidying that this science will not be like the other classes that we took you won't be taking too much names when they were born and when they died does that make you guys feel happy is that good some of you guys so there won't be much names but there will be concepts that I want you to keep and understand the scholars they say a person cannot talk about something if they don't have a perception of it الحكم على شيء فرعن فرعن أنتصوري to place a ruling on something it stems from a correct perception صحيح let's say 1400 years ago you go back and you ask drugs you say to the early generation what is drugs حلالة حرام they would say to you what is drugs صحيح what would they need they would first of all need for you to explain to them what drug is and what it does they can't place a ruling on it unless they know it once they find out what it means what can they say to you then then it's حرام are we all together brothers so it is necessary before you place a ruling on something whether it's good or whether it's bad first of all have a perception of it have a تصور and this I said that the scholars they said it الحكم على شيء to place a ruling on something whether that ruling is obligation or recommendation or prohibition whatever ruling you may place on it don't hold it first of all perceive this thing correctly and then after that you can say this is واجب and this is not وما إلى ذلك so that's why we have to study this science what it means what it is okay a third point I want to say now a third introduction the third introduction I want to say is أصول الفق it's a compounded word in Arabic they call this مركب إضافي what do they call this مركب إضافي مركب إضافي what does مركب إضافي mean it means أصول أنفق two words أصول أنفق this is called مركب إضافي it's like عبد الله عبد أن الله are we all together brothers the scholars what they have is if it's مركب إضافي they define it twice that's why on the board you can see it I wrote تعريف العلم أصول الفق and then here I wrote sorry and then again I wrote تعريف العلم أصول الفق twice why did I do it twice because they said و المفرد المضافي انتركبة مع غيره حتاءة ملقبة فحده يكون بالإفراد لكل واحد لدى النقادي ثم يعادوا ثانيا مركبا إذ لقبة اللدي همو تركبة what they do is they define each one separately first we're going to define أصول by itself first and then what we're going to do is we're going to define فق by itself that's the first and then we come back to it again and we define them together as a science now does that make sense should I repeat that again the scholars they define أصول الفق twice باعتبار مفرده باعتبار مفرده means what individually أصول what does it mean by itself and الفق what does it mean by itself that's the first definition they look at it individually are we all together the second one is bring the two words together because it's a science now it's actual science called أصول الفق together what does it mean now when these two words came together it became a science that you study so what does this science mean that's the second definition when it's together does that make sense let's go for the first one الأصول في اللغة in the Arabic language the word أصول what does it mean جمعوا جمعوا أصلين أصول is plural it's a what it's a what it's a plural the word أصول is a plural أصول is a what it's a plural the singular is what in the Arabic language the جمع is how many types of جمع how many types of plural are there in the Arabic language 3 the first one is called جمع مدكر السالم مسكين in plural right the second one is جمع مؤنث السالم فملين in plural the third one is called جمع التكسير it's called a broken plural this is مسلمونة مؤمنونة it's a masculine plural the second type is called a what feminine plural المسلمات المؤمنات القالتات that's جمع مؤنث السالم the third one is called جمع التكسير it's called a broken plural why is it called a broken plural because the original word was أليف ساد it broke it in the middle and it put a what inside there when it became a plural when it moved from the singular to the plural it got broken the word got broken into two pieces they put an extra word inside it and that's how not always do they add letters onto it sometimes they deduct a letter from it and it comes in six ways but we won't talk about it now the جمع التكسير are we all together brothers so this أصول is a broken plural what is it that's why I wrote here جمعوا أصلين and the singular is a what the singular is the singular is أصل والأصل the word أصل of everything صحيح this is the أصل now standing on the أصل is anything that is أسفل means yeah the foundation anything that's low and that meaning تطورة it evolved and it evolved until it became الأصل ما يبنى عليه غيره anything is built upon it أصل then became everything on it is an أصل then since it was since it was the bottom thing whatever you build anything on top of it is called أصل does that make sense have we spoken about أصل we know now what أصل means in the Arabic language the word أصل means ما يبنى عليه غيره does that make sense am I making sense everyone with me now we are going to go into أصل technically what does it mean what does it mean according to the scholars not the linguistics not the lexicon mean usage according to the scholars when they say أصل what do they mean there are many usages but I only mentioned four of them those are the four most common usages the first one is الراجح الراجح the first is الراجح what does الراجح mean الراجح what does it mean it means the strongest of two opinions there are two opinions and the راجح is the strongest of the opinion sometimes the word أصل is used as a synonym as a راجح I'll give an example the scholars they will say الكلام الحقيقة what does this mean الأصل the default position في الكلامي in a speech is حقيقة literal somebody talks to you right now and they have a conversation with you do you take their statement literal or do you understand it metaphorically everything you said is metaphorical everything is a what حقيقة literal if I say رأي to أسدن I saw أسدن I saw a lion hey what do you understand from that I saw a real lion خلاص literal but what about if I said رأي to أسدن يخطبوا I saw a lion doing خطبة what happened here you know I mean a courageous man صح are we all together brothers if I say رأي to أسدن يخطبوا I saw a lion giving خطبة you know that a lion doesn't give you know a lion doesn't give خطبة does a lion give خطبة no it doesn't so what do you do to this what does this do it diverts this word from the حيوان المفترس it turns it away from the predator that you knew that came to your mind first because I used something I took it away from that so now I only could mean I saw a courageous brave man or a brave individual that's the meaning I mean from it does that make sense am I making sense but if I just said to you رأي to I saw أسدن a lion I just said it like that do you understand a metaphorical or do you understand it as a literal lion a literal lion right because the قاعدة is what do we say that's the meaning there are two opinions here it can be metaphorical and it can also be what and it can be literal which one did we strengthen that is literal so it's used as راجع sometimes am I making sense here the second usage is القاعدة المستمرة it's used as what القاعدة المستمرة which is أكل الميتة على خلاف الأصلي let's call it as they say أكل الميتتي الراجع sorry أكل الميتة خلاف الأصلي أكل الميتة خلاف الأصلي the second usage of the word أصل is القاعدة المستمرة القاعدة المستمرة means the continuous principle what is القاعدة المستمرة the second usage of the word أصل according to the scholars of this field is that the word أصل means القاعدة المستمرة the continuous principle what do they mean by the continuous principle I'll explain it to you it means eating a corpse is a what أكل الميتة خلاف الأصلي خلاف الأصلي for you to go and eat a dead animal it goes against a what it goes against the here was أصل it goes against the what does أصل here mean it means القاعدة المستمرة it goes against the continuous principle which was that the corpse is حرام does that make sense for you to eat a dead corpse in a time of necessity is a what خلاف الأصلي does that make sense eating a dead animal when you're in a situation of necessity you're about to die and you have to eat it the scholars they will say أكل الميتة للمبر the eating of the corpse for the one who's in a situation of necessity is خلاف الأصلي is that it was حرام am I making sense one more time who wants it two times you want twice okay listen what I was saying was the word أصل is used according to the scholars of أصول الفق many ways they use it in many different situations I only mentioned four but it's actually fifteen so I only summarized I'm just giving you four when you go to the big books the other ones will come up and these are the four most prominent ones they will use this word and every time you need to know what one they mean by it the first time they use it is that أراجح means the strongest of two things أراجح means what the strongest of two situations and I gave you the example where the scholars they say the أصل the strongest opinion is that the speech is taken literally that's the strongest opinion there are other opinions but this is راجح does that make sense have you all understood that the second one here is القاعدة المستمرة it's used as the continuous principle okay the first thing we have to understand what is the ruling regarding eating corpse can you eat a dead animal that you haven't slaughtered you saw its body lying under a tree you're in the middle of nowhere you have no food but you saw this animal dead animal in front of you generally speaking is it permissible to eat it so the continuous principle is الله said in the Quran whenever somebody asks you and says to you what is the ruling on eating dead corpse what will you say where ever you go and then somebody says to you but I'm in a situation of necessity I will die I will not live now you say that the continuous principle is paused it's paused for now are we all together brothers go and eat the word أصل is used in that context as the what in a synonym of the word it's used interchangeably you can say if you want just like here أكل الميتة خلافي القاعدة المستمرة you can say that if you want to or if you want you can say they mean the same here the third one is المستحب المستصحب المستصحب what does المستصحب mean المستصحب means بقاء مكان على مكان الأصل في العبادة التحريم المستصحب means the default position مستصحب means what the default position example two people are standing here two individuals one is accusing the other person of two people okay I'm accusing this individual here of something I'm saying you have committed this crime okay pay attention here the scholars they would say this person's innocencey is the default position it's the مستصحب his innocencey is it's the default position you now want to move that to the side you want to get rid of his innocencey prove you bring evidence this individual here he doesn't have to bring evidence he will just look and say prove that I'm guilty he doesn't have to say anything no one send him any homework or any waste his time to go find out to prove his innocencey no he doesn't have to he just says I am upon the مستصحب I am upon the default position بقى ما كان على ما كان does that make sense I am on the other hand have to what I have to prove he is guilty like the prophet said if everybody was given what they claimed if everybody was given what they claimed جال أموال قومين ودماءهم people would start to claim people's money I would work and say the money in your pocket is my give it to me we all together then the prophet say البينات على المدع واليمين على من the one who is accusing has to bring evidence and the other individual just needs to say that's not true he doesn't have to prove anything تسحابه لحظة تفايلة م هنا . مملكة السبب. هم جيدوني . another example I want to give is إنما وضح الشروح من فدث اللعبادة first إتحريم . what's the default position for عبادة عبادة what's default position the default position for عبادة is that you can't do anything unless you have evidence for it. does that make sense? so if somebody is saying to you this is a sunnah and another one is saying لا this is a bid'ah an innovation who needs to bring the evidence the one who's saying it's a sunnah the one who is saying this is a sunnah he needs to bring evidence the one who is saying this is an innovation doesn't have to bring an evidence because the Asal is nothing is allowed to be done to get closer to Allah by it unless you have evidence does that make sense am I making sense here because it's the it's the هذا مكتب، هذا السبسة ما لا يمكنني أن أخطأ نحن بسرعة في الدزر ونرى بسرعة من سيارات ومن ثاني أقول أنه في الإجابة سيارة لن أيجاب بسرعة من سيارات لن أعود فقط، لن أعود فقط فقط يجب علي إضافة هذا إنه بسرعة، حسنا؟ ورد أخي يأتي ويقول أنه محسون بالجميع هذا المجد لا يبدو بحقا، يجب أن نتقلم حلال ، لا ، إنه حلال ، حتى أنك تحاول أنك لا تحاول ، هل لديك أي دليل أن هذا الأنمو يستطيع أن يتأكد؟ هل نحن نحاول بلادنا؟ هذا مهم ، هذا الشاب is very, very vital and it saves you a lot of time. The fourth one is الدليل. It's just how it is sometimes used as what? It's used as a delil with the evidence. It's used as the evidence. So you say so you say for example الأصل في أكل الماء الإباحة the asal in drinking water is permissibility you mean the delil of drinking water is permissibility so sometimes the word asal is used as a delil, evidence those are the usages that they have even there's another one which is المقصو عليه one of the four pillars of analogy and I think I need to mention that one because we are going to talk about it add a fifth one to it which is المقصو عليه we need to open our minds brothers and focus on these things this is how we can appreciate studying these signs we will appreciate how our scholars and our heritage was preserved honestly this will help you a lot to know how the scholars reached that conclusion المقصو عليه means you all should know you all should know the four pillars of قياس right four pillars of القياس قياس is a what قياس is analogy right قياس is when you want to do analogy I'll give an example insha'Allah okay the قياس has four pillars I'll mention them الأصل, الفرع, الحكم those are the four pillars of القياس okay الأصل here is used it's المقصو علي where is المقصو علي okay pay attention the messenger so we are going to write here الخمر the messenger so the rule for khmer is what التحريم okay why what was the reason what was the reason why why what was the reason الاسكار الاسكار الاسكار means it intoxicates isn't that what the reason was the prophet did not say in the hadith كل مسكر حرام كل شيء that intoxicates is حرام pay attention here now something new came out that نبير الله محمد did not talk about knew you won't find it in the Quran you won't find it in the sunnah what is it drugs the Quran mentioned alcohol but he didn't mention drugs drugs came when after did it not it came after new substance that was found that's the فرع it's a sub branch it's the thing that we're now going to use as the drugs so let's write drugs inside there اما المخدرات drugs okay pay attention what are we comparing the drug to المقص عليه and the asal is what it's the thing that you're taking the qiyas from does that make sense the asal here is what you take the analogy from what are you taking the analogy from the the خمر right صاحب رضيز you're taking it from the خمر how are you taking it from the خمر you're looking for the علا is intoxication present in drugs is and that was the reason why the خمر was made حرام right huh so they take the same movie because the قاعدة is what يدور مع علته وجود عدمة الحكم يدور مع علته وجود عدمة and this we're going to talk about in more details when we study when we come to the chapter of al qiyas analogy does everyone here understand all that we need to know here is the asal is used in the one of the four pillars of al qiyas that was the fifth usage am I talking to myself you can all hear me can you guys hear me or are you guys listening now we're going to move on to the second type of definition now of أصول الفق oh I missed something I don't know why I never wrote it you know what I missed محمد what did I miss say it loud the definition of فق I never wrote it on the board did you guys not see I missed فق I only mentioned أصول I meant to mention فق here so let me mention فق I'm going to mention فق in what do you call it the reason I didn't write it yes that's why now I remember why I didn't write it can anyone help me why I didn't write it because we did if introduction to فق did we not do it should I mention it then again I'll mention it what does الفق mean الفق what does it mean in the language it means there's a dispute whether الفق actually means فهم means understanding فق means understanding in the language it means that's what Allah says in the Quran يفق وقول يفق وقول فمالي هؤلاء القوم لا يكادون يفقهونا حديثة أيفهمونا حديثة ما نفقه كثيرا مما تقولوا هلانا فهموا كثيرا مما تقولوا are we all together so the word فق means الفهم some scholars they said no it does فهم means understanding does everyone here understand does everyone everyone here know what الفهم means فهم means to understand right some scholars they said no فق doesn't mean understanding it doesn't mean فهم there are a difference between the two of them what is the difference they said that فق is a more detailed form of understanding any type of thing that requires research and it requires more observation then this is called فق and anything that everybody can understand this is called فهم like for example everyone knows that the sky is above us everyone understands that the sky is above us right so you can't say فهم to understand but they say you can't say فق that I have that the sky is above us why because they said this is knowledge that everyone shares فق is specific to دقيق فهم a more detailed understanding am I making sense anyways that's a technical technical discussion the second meaning is الفق في الصلاح أما الفق و الصلاح what does فق mean technically this we already took right فق what does it mean technically اميز معرفة الحكام الشرعية العمالية before but I won't mention it I'll just mention it fast معرفة الأحكام الشرعية العمالية المكتسبة من الدلتها التفصيلية معرفة الحكام الشرعية المكتسبة من الدلتها التفصيلية that's what it means I'm not gonna explain that because we did that before did we do it before we did do it before right but just write it as a side point and keep it for yourself let's go to علم أصول الفق the meaning of أصول الفق the meaning of what we're gonna study the meaning of أصول الفق when it comes together أصول الفق together not separately we've already done it separately what does أصول mean and what does فق mean now what do we need to know the two of them together what do they mean three things it means just remember that أصول الفق wherever you go wherever book you read always remember it's basically the definition it's three things معرفة الأدلت الإجمالية وكيفية الاستفادة منها وحال المستفيد three things this is the first this is the second and this is the third that's the definition of أصول الفق and I'll explain it for you first point is معرفة الدلائل الفق إجمالية إجمالا the first one what does it mean أصول الفق it deals with أصول الفق means comprehensive evidence دلائل is the plural of دليل دلائل is the plural of what دلائل is the plural of what دليل دليل is the what evidence الفق you already know what فق means إجمالا means comprehensive so it means comprehensive evidence فق أصول الفق is what comprehensive comprehensive evidence what do we mean by comprehensive evidence pay attention the evidence is two types the evidence is what two types the first one is comprehensive evidence generic evidence and the second type is called specific evidence he has إجمالية that's the difference between أصول الفق and فق what do they mean I'll explain it so far are you guys with me before I explain this point is everybody so far with me today I'm actually really trying to drill it into your heads for everyone understanding yeah okay أصول الفق the first point is comprehensive evidence whereas فق is specific evidence I'll give an example of comprehensive evidence الأمر الأمر المطلق هي يك تاضي إجمال what does it mean it means a commandment from Allah and the messenger what does it benefit us obligation if Allah instructs you something if Allah commands you something it shows obligation you have to do it does that make sense everyone does that make sense does everyone understand what I just said here a commandment that comes from Allah and his messenger it shows obligation meaning you have to do it can I use this in any way I come to whether it's in تهارة whether it's in صلاة whether it's in ذكاء whether it's in حج wherever I see the prophet do a command can I say that it shows obligation yes because it's comprehensive it's a comprehensive evidence Allah is in the Qur'an وقيموا الصلاة أقيموا إذا فعل أمر is it not a commandment is Allah not commanding us to pray أقيموا الصلاة to establish the prayer isn't Allah not saying that then that shows it's obligatory to establish the prayer because Allah is commanding us it shows that we have to pray them وقايتوا وقايتوا ذكاء and give this ذكاء is that a commandment what is it also benefit us what is it benefit us it benefits us it benefits us obligation أقيموا الصلاة and ذكاء are two different chapters but you're using this evidence which is الأمر يقتضل وجود this evidence what are you using it for you're using it for many chapters so they say it's comprehensive does that make sense but when I say نواقظ الوضوء السبعة the nullifiers of the prayer are seven can use that for ذكاء can use that for حج that's فق it's a specific evidence am I making sense here the nullifiers of the prayer are seven you can't use that for ذكاء you can't use that for حج and other chapters of فق you can only use it for what only one particular chapter that's the difference between the two anyways the first point is دلائيل الفق إجمالا the first point and the first definition of أصول الفق is it deals with comprehensive evidence second part of the definition is and how do you benefit from the text and how do you benefit from the text how can I benefit from this I in front of me and the way that you can benefit from the text when is this text general when is it specific when is it restricted when is it unrestricted when is it abrogated when is it not abrogated you study here am I making sense here comes the chapter known as دلالات دلالات الألفاظ you study دلالات الألفاظ this time shows generalization this time shows specification this term shows unrestricted this term shows restricted this term shows abrogation that's how you benefit from the text am I making sense yes no yes am I making sense yes or no I just want to say something to you brothers it takes time to understand these information and you have every right to think that this is not drilling into my head now but it's your first time hearing it correct? but for me it's not my first time so to think that you can understand it like I have understood it now is being unfair to yourself and that's many people's mistakes why am I not understanding it the way he explains it that's many years even I didn't understand it when I first heard it what's happening here what is evidence got to do صح what's taking place here but practice makes that's one of the things that you learn when you study in English right practice makes practice makes perfect if you're studying headway have you guys heard of the headway English you guys haven't heard of the headway English okay the thing was Oxford's press where the people learned beginner English and intermediate English no one's gonna lie I'm not gonna lie to you and say every science that you study is gonna be easy and it's gonna be no it's not but it doesn't need you to use your brain and to think I'm not to give up don't give up the people who put this science together who came up with it who organized it like this they didn't even have anything to use from before that they had to sit down and look at all the evidence themselves and organize it themselves what you just need to do is understand it are we all together so let me repeat that one more time the definition of usul fiqh is that it deals with comprehensive evidence general evidence second thing is how do I benefit from the text okay this statement from the message how do I benefit from it am I making sense I'll give you an example and I mentioned this example before but I'm gonna repeat it again how the sahab is how they knew to benefit from the text this is what kayfiyah took his tifadati minhaa they knew how to benefit from the text at the time of uthman ibn a'fan ibn abdelbar I mentioned this in his kitab at tamheed which is the explanation of al mota at the time of uthman a woman she gave birth after six months she gave birth to her child her husband said this woman she cheated before I married her how could she give birth in six months so the woman got taken to court and she was getting the qaza the hukum was gonna happen to her Ali ibn abyat talib in head he got in contact with uthman fast and quick and he said uthman this woman has every right to give birth in six months and it's in the Quran uthman said where is it in the Quran he said okay let's read it together uthman by the way you have to understand was minhufa of his sahaba one of the illustrious noble sahaba when he came to the Quran he memorized the Quran uthman رضي الله عنه but that just shows you only the person who has heart who has every knowledge is who who is it الله عز و جل uthman رضي الله عنه said to Ali ibn abyat talib in head what do you mean if she can give birth in six months he said didn't Allah say in the Quran والوالد that who you are no Allah says والصين الإنسان بوالدي حملته أمه كره و وضعته كره و حمله و في صاله ثلاثون شهره و حمله the mother is going to carry the child و حمله و في صاله ثلاثون شهره the carrying of the child in the stomach and the best feeding الله said 30 months 30 months good the Quran already told us what the best feeding of the child is how much والوالد that you are how much is that 24 how much is left that six months was her pregnancy that's called does everyone understood how it came about Allah said that the mother is carrying the child and she's best feeding the child for 30 months in another eye Allah told us how much is the best feeding so what is left from whatever we deduct the best feeding was left كيف يأتوا الاستفادة that he means that's called the Quran does that make sense brothers and there are many examples of who did that how to benefit from this text that's in front of you how do you use it in your advantage how could you use it to prove a point we're all together brothers when he delicate the prophet did he not say in the hadith وَرُبَّ حَامِلِ فِقْهِنْ إِلَا مَنْهُ أَفْقَهُ مِنْهُ a person may be carrying a hadith and then he's passing you on to somebody who has even more that would hear the hadith and say والله I have extracted 200 مسائل from this this hadith by itself I have extracted 200 issues from it والله you you're reading an example you're reading the explanation of some of the great scholars and then you see them extract a ruling from a hadith that you hear everyday you're like what happened والله I have seen this hadith how can this hadith prove this art point are we all together I'll give you another example الله سبحانه وتعالى يسأل in the Quran أطيع الله أبي الله وأطيع الرسولة وأبيه وأقول الأمر منكم وأبي those who have authority over you and then Allah said فإن تنازعتم if you dispute one another what did Allah say we disputed one another what did Allah command us to do pay attention let's slowly understand pay attention here فإن تنازعتم الله سبحانه وتعالى تنازعتم فردوه إلى الله والرسول تنازعتم الله إن يزمس إن كنتم تؤمنون بالله واليوم الأخير ذلك خير وحسن وتأويلة what about if we don't dispute that's a proof if we dispute then we go to the Quran when we don't dispute then that agreement that we all have is an evidence itself do you guys see that this is another type of benefit from the text which is what مفهوم ومنطق the evidence it shows you something directly and it sometimes can show you something indirectly صحيح I'm making sense here so this point brothers is كيفية تستفادة how can I benefit from this text last but not least وحال المستفيد and the situation of the one who's benefitting from the text the third thing that أصول الفق its definition is is وحال المستفيد وحال المستفيد is المجتهد حال المستفيد is who المجتهد who's a much-tahed we mentioned it before the مجتهد is the one who knows how to benefit from the text are we all together he can go to the text itself open the ayah and just extract rulings from it like that are we all together why and how can he do it he has the instruments to do it right are we all together brothers he has the tools to do it he knows and he's mastered the دلالات الألفاظ the عام and the خاص and the مطلقة and the مقيد and the مجملة and the مبيّن and the ظاهر and the مؤول and the ناسخ and the منصوخ he knows all of that are we all together brothers when we know hadith when we just hear it we don't even need to look at the chain before we even look at the chain we know if the prophet said it or not just by hearing the hadith they know so much they know the way he talks they know the way the prophet talks and the way his speech goes so when somebody rise about the prophet they know this is not the prophet's way of speaking are we all together brothers so the مستفيد is the مجتهد and the مقالد is also studied in here as well which is the opposite so in أسول الفق brothers in simple terms or I'm going to come to it but this is what you study if you break it down you can the whole subject of أسول الفق what is studied in it is actually mentioned here the first one is دلائيل الفق الإجمالية which is you learn the حكم التكليفين حكم الوضعين the وجوب and the ندب and here you learn دلالات الألفاض عام خاص مطلق مقايد مجمل مبين and all of that here you learn the مجتهد the مفتي the مستفتي the متبع and all of that come under here does that make sense? this point is kind of what I mentioned at the top which is موضوع أسول الفق what does أسول الفق discuss what's this topic about it really is about حجيةها والاستفادة what is a proof and how do you benefit from it the أدلة the evidence in terms of its usages are two types أدلة which is تفق عليها evidences which are all agreed upon الكتاب والسنة والإجماع والقياس والصحيح those four are agreed upon so let me break it down slowly brothers sometimes I go fast and that's what's just happened now this topic أسول الفق if somebody asked you what does this topic speak about what does it deal with in simple terms it deals with two things what does it deal with two things number one what is evidence what say what can I use as a proof and the second thing is how can I then benefit from that proof that's all is does it make sense and remember what is evidence the scholars they agree on what is evidence four things what are the four things they agree upon الكتاب والسنة والإجماع الكياس والصحيح because the kias is too there is a kias which is fast it's a kias which is fast sorry I'm a kias battle the scholars call it there is a kias which is far fetched and it's a kias which is صحيح the kias which is صحيح is the one that met the four pillars that we mentioned the four ركن and the فارع and the حكم and the علة was all correct that's the evidence that we can use there are evidences which are differed upon like the action of the people of Medina and the Mammalek and he believed that it's disputed whether it's evidence or not means can we stop something because we know what it's going to lead to that's also a differed upon evidence and also it's dishab and and things like that well it's differed that to mean how do we benefit from this text it's also the discussion of أصول الفق the last part today's class we're going to go over this fast that was the hardest part okay you cannot breathe you want to breathe nowadays people just love this concept of breathing أستمد علم أصول الفق where's أصول الفق where did this science come from where did this science come from where did it get rooted from how did it come about it came from these 8 things it's an amalgamation of these 8 things that came together one it was taken from the book of Allah أصول الفق is taken from the Quran a sunnah is taken from the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم are we all together brothers number 3 is taken from the إجماع the consensus number 4 الأدلة العقلية the rational intellect some مسائل أصولية is built upon عقل and the عقل is accepted as long as it doesn't go against the what as long as it doesn't go against the text that's another discussion for another time also number 5 مصطلح الحديث أصول الفق مرسل متواتر أحاد أصول الفق مرسل مصطلح الحديث علم العقيدة أصول الفق has a lot of connection with what عقيدة for example the concept of الحقيقة المجاز مجاز is metaphor ومجاز الاستعارة ومجاز المرسل ومرسل عقيدا بشكل عقيدا يأتي منهم يأتي من العربية وصول الفق يأتي منه إذا لم تعرفوا العربية ويحاولوا في العربية ونحن في هذه الموجوة عندما نتعلم الصول الفق نحن لا نتعلم الصول الفق نحن فقط نفعل ماذا؟ نتعلم نحن فقط نتعلم ل to be very honest with you after the next lesson all you are going to do is the history and how it came about and who wrote it and just the books that were written in it and things like that and the methodology of the scholars and how they wrote الصول الفق in different books that's really what we are going to do but if you want to study الصول الفق and go in then go for al-warakat once you finish al-warakat then maybe read al-usul be in al-inmi al-usul and then once you finish that go for the kitam قاعد al-fusul once you finish that then maybe you should try to memorize and study المراقص سعود لمبتغ الرقي والسعود بأشيق عبدالله ابن حاج الشنقي رحمه الله a thousand lines in الصول الفق and if you then think masha'Allah I love this science I want to even go more then maybe you should read جمع الجمامع by Subki then eighth science that الصول الفق was taken from is علم الفق where was it taken from علمه الفق is taken from it was taken from فق it's taken from it's taken from فق these are the eight places where الصول الفق is taken from here I broke it down in a simple way how the scholars bake الصول الفق down and this is something already I mentioned to you but it's in a more organized way for you to remember الصول الفق is broken into four the first and some scholars they have another way of calling it they call it the مدلول instead of the ثمر the مدلول and then the مثمر and the مستثمر and the مستثمر the مستثمر الصول الفق is these four اللحكام jurisprudent rulings what are you going to do اللحكام الصول الفق what does it deal with first of all I'm a war the whole chapter الصول الفق is broken into these four and I just did it here just to make it easier for you to remember اللحكام jurisprudent rulings evidence the second one is evidence the fourth is دلالة الادلة the indication here is عام خاص مطلق مقايد مجمل مبيان basically how to benefit and how to extract the ruling out of there and last but not least the مجتهد the scholar who is doing the extracting when can I be him and how can I extract the ruling from it those are the four the احكام the ادلة دلالة الادلة and the مجتهد when they come to the haqam they break into two العكام الشرعية التكليفية and then الوضعية and the ادلة they divide it into two evidence which is متفق عليه اما مختلاف فيه and then the haqam التكليفية is الإجاب والندب والإباحة والكرهة والتحريم those five remember the five and الوضعية is also five السبب الشرط المانع الصحة and the corruption but you see this is not what women to do it's a side point that I'm just mentioning you don't have to know that and it's got nothing to do with us over here next lesson we're going to بإذن الله الكريم starts how أصول الفق started and the methodologies that are written in أصول الفق the methodologies in which أصول الفق is written in we're going to talk about طريق المتكلمين and the طريقة الحنفية and how they authored it and اليمام الشافعي and how he came to the writing of أصول الفق وأول من ألف في الكتب محمد ابن الشافع المطالبي وغيره كان له سليقة مثل اللذي للعرب من خليقة how اليمام الشافعي was the first person who wrote it and we're going to make it down to الورقات the small book الورقات that we study today how that book came about does anyone have any questions إن شاء الله و تعالى any question regarding today's class تفضل the default position of عبادة is you're not allowed to do it unless you have evidence a person is not allowed to worship Allah in something unless he has evidence من الكتاب أو السنة from the Kitab of the Sunnah because the أصل is you're not allowed to do it like in the customs and the norms of the people is what it's permissibility it's permissibility so the person who argues that this عبادة is a sunnah and the one who argues that it's a bid'a who has to prove otherwise the one who says it's a sunnah because what is the قاعدة is قاعدة إلا طريقة منيقة تفى أثر محمدين all of the roads to Allah is blocked all the roads to Allah is blocked and the only road that's open to Allah is which road what road is open the road that Muhammad took the road that Muhammad took any other questions وعليكم السلام if nabila Muhammad did and act in many different forms in different situations what do we do for example if I bring an example is he recited the تشهد in different ways and when he went into the Salah he had different استفتاح الدعاء the opening of the Salah there were different the person it is better to change from one to the other it's called التنوير sometimes you do this one sometimes you do this one the reason is because especially Salah it is recommended that if the Prophet used to open sometimes with this دعاء and it's also transmitted that he opened it with this دعاء it is good to change it from this one to this one and this one to this one if the Prophet he read it in different ways حديث عائشة is there it's good to change it so you can focus on your Salah whereas if you keep doing the same thing you're most likely going to lose focus because you're just going to say it when it comes to it without thinking about it so it is best to change it is that the answer to your question but more when it comes to the Prophet's and how do we distinguish between the Prophet's he's no more actions that he did and that which he did to get closer to Allah and that we need to follow him in that is discussed greatly in this chapter the Prophet's actions and what are the rulings نعم when it comes to the issues of اختلاف and the difference of opinion without a doubt there is always a truth in it there's only one way but if the خلاف is an accepted permitted خلاف then it will be subjective what is right does it make sense for example in the Salah do you go down on your knees first when you want to go to the Sujood or should you go down on your hands one of them is right both of them can't be right and the permitted difference of opinion and each person is going to argue that that one is right but there is one right the question is which one is the one that's right are we all together brothers so I want to explain something which is I think it's very good that we understand this and I think if we do بإذن الله الكريم الله will bring us together even though Allah said in the Quran that the people are going to have difference of opinion and that's how Allah created them but the خلاف and I think I pressed on this point before the خلاف if it's based upon the understanding of a text each person is using the same text they're using the same evidence and it's all about how this text is understood then this difference of opinion is permissible are we all together if they're both saying this حديث this is what it means and another group is saying no no no this is what the حديث means are we all together this difference of opinion the scholars they call it خلاف سائخ a permitted difference of opinion but if one group don't have an evidence in this issue and another group have an evidence who do we give precedence to the one who is using the evidence and saying I have evidence and the other one doesn't have evidence are we making just give you one example this is an issue against the حنفي because we were talking about فق let's mention a حنفي related issue the great scholars of the حنفي مدهب there is a a question about the woman being married off without the permission of her willy her guardian have you all heard of this discussion okay الإمام أبو حنيف رحمه الله رحمة واسع عمي الله بيستو he's never ending on mercy on to him a great imam a great imam he said is the woman allowed to go to the market and is she allowed to sell and is she allowed to buy the question is yes you can a woman can't go to the shop and she can buy product and she can sell what she wants true or false she can right you're all sure right she can be careful some of you guys are looking at me like no they can't they have to stay at home so they can they can go out and they can buy and they can sell الإمام أبو حنيف and others they said if they can do that to something that isn't them why can't they give themselves out and get married and we'll tell the brothers she can go and say to her brother I'm married to without the permission of her does that make sense hear what they did is قياس what do they do قياس is at the top of the ladder or is it the bottom of the ladder what's the first one the Quran what's the next one and then what comes الإمام أبو حنيفة and the people and others who took this opinion they ran to قياس and evidences was provided from the Quran and from the sunnah that the woman cannot get married without the permission of her willy who are we going to take here we're going to take the Quran because the professor he said الإمام رأة نكحت بغير إذني وليها فنكاحوها باطل فنكاحوها باطل فنكاحوها باطل the woman who goes and gets married without the permission of her willy her marriage is null and void are we all together the sunnah said that the Quran Allah mentions in many places marry the women off what would Allah say to the men marry the women off اما do not prevent the women from getting married to who they want what would the Quran say that if the woman can marry herself off so we have Quran and we have sunnah the قياس and others used is not accepted and this difference of opinion is not tolerated why you will be going against the كتاب and the sunnah based on the statement of a person and Allah clearly instructed you to do what الله تبارك وتعالى واتبعوا ما أنزل إليكم من ربكم follow that which has been sent to you from your load ولا تتبعوا and do not follow مندونه besides Allah أولياء على إزا الله أبو حنيفة إن شاء الله but Allah said don't follow them and أبو حنيفة if these evidences became clear to him he would have left it himself because of his love for the Quran and the sunnah because of his love for the Quran and the sunnah أبو حنيفة is rewarded even if he gets it wrong he's either between two rewards or one reward does that make sense like you are sinning after the evidence came to you you're still persistent upon it does that make sense so these kind of issues have to be made clear does that make sense am I making sense no yes then remember you are a slave of Allah you are a slave of Allah no one else the speech of Allah is number one the speech of the Prophet comes second every other person speeches after those two if they are in line with the Quran and the sunnah فعلى الرأس والعين as they say keep it and stick to it if not فضربوه عرض الحائد what do you do to it dismiss it and all of them they said if my speech opposes the speech of the Prophet ﷺ what do you say فضربوه عرض الحائد when you speak against a wall إيمام ملك يساول كله يقضب منقولي ويورد إلا صحب هذا القبر everyone's speech is either taken or rejected except the messenger ﷺ الإمام وبحانيفه said the same الإمام أحمد رحمه الله said the same so may Allah make us a people who stick to this Quran and we stick to this sunnah the salvation and the prosperity is connected to that may Allah also and when I mention this brothers لا تريدك أن تفهم ، هذا لا يتحدث بأس أو أقل مع أبو حنيفة لن نحن هناك أيضاً من أعلمه ونفهمه ونحن نحن مع أبو حنيفة رحمه الله هو أمام ، فرق أن أمام يأخذه كأمام هو إدكيش أن الله سبحانه وتعالى مدهب ونحن نحن مع أبو حنيفة ونحن نتحدث عنها عندما نتحدث عنها رحمه الله رحمة واسعة ونضع في مكان where I have to look at the text from the Quran and the Sunnah and the great Imam Abu Hanifa I will choose the Quran and the Sunnah because he Abu Hanifa instructed me to do that as well and I know he himself would have done that as well does that make sense so what happens sometimes brothers is some people what they do is when they see an Imam say something the people are two extremes extreme is they find the Imam go against an ayah from the Quran or a hadith automatically they take the Imam down and drag him on the ground they say how did he do that mistake how did he do that mistake so they do إهدار they put his reputation and they start to criticize him because of that and another group of people they go extreme in exaggeration with that Imam and so what they do is they stick to him even though it goes against the Quran and the Sunnah does that make sense both are blame worthy فضلا صحيح you see the Na'am you are right in the sense the Quran and the Sunnah in terms of ruling both of them are the same but without a doubt they can't be the same in terms of virtue the reason is because the Quran is المتعبد بتلاوة every letter you read you get closer to Allah by it the Quran every letter in the Quran is a reward and the speech of Allah عز و جل nothing can be like it whereas the hadith is the and wording of the Prophet this is the wording that the prophet worded صلى الله عليه وسلم and the wording of Allah and the wording of any human being cannot be the same نعم لكن صحيح in terms of ruling they are the same like in terms of virtue Allah's speech is higher than anyone else حكم was given to him not the wording no no no the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he worded the hadith himself صلى الله عليه وسلم but the ruling I want you to understand something the Prophet did each tihad himself sometimes what did he do pay attention to this the messenger would do his own independent reasoning if that each tihad was wrong Allah will correct him and if he got corrected that's what would spread to the people if it didn't then it was a revelation that's what Allah was pleased with does that make sense that's why you find sometimes he say جيبريل came to me and informed me of this meaning I was wrong in what I said remember what he said to the blind man عبد اللهبن أمي مكتوم he said to him okay no problem if you can't come to the masjid and he stood up and he left عبد اللهبن أمي مكتوم and the Prophet called him he said أتسمع النيدة can you hear the call he changed his ruling because the revelation came to him straight away telling him that's not the right answer does that make sense so the sunnah is the second revelation فسنة النبي وحي وثاني عليه ما قطء طلق الوحياني the sunnah is the second revelation صحيح وما ينتقوا عن الهواء إن هو إلا إن هو إلا وحي ويوحا لكن the sunnah if you read every letter from it you don't get closer to Allah by it letter فضل with an example the difference between them I mentioned is that فق is a specific evidence and أصول الفق is comprehensive and general evidence فق is نواقظ الوضوء شروط الصلاة أركان الصلاة it doesn't أركان الصلاة cannot be used for any other chapter in the religion مبطلاة الصلاة مبطلاة الصلاة that nullifies of the prayer is a specific issue specific to فق when you study فق wherever you study in طهارة is restricted to طهارة and wherever you study in صلاة is restricted to صلاة لكن أصول الفق teaches you something you can use in all of فق like قواعي principles will give you that you can use in all of فق in every chapter does it make sense ها قا is a foundation is built upon you see brothers the poet he said من اهتدا بهدي فق الظفر ومن يحيد أنهجي فقت خسر تلفي به إلى الفلاح منهجا وعن جميع المعضلات مخرجا فليس خير قطن إلا قرره ولم يكن من شر إلا حذره فديننا لم يخل عن حكم على مر الزمان لو بدى ما أعضل لأنه قد احتوى كواعدة تستخرج الأحكام عنها وعن حراشي دا Our religion didn't give us rulings on everything الله didn't mention this is a hockum for this one oh and this one also there's a hockum for this one no Our religion gave us principles it told us alcohol intoxicated is haram we use that for any time until the day of judgment any intoxicating thing that comes take it under there قواعي principles so if you don't study أصول الفق you're gonna struggle you know what you're gonna struggle with you can't memorize it's too many subbranches حلال حرام واجب مكرود it's too many subbranches قواعد أصولية أصول الفق gives you one principle and maybe 50,000 things fall under there 50,000 might be an exaggeration 50,000 might be an exaggeration but 50 مسائل might fall under this just the fact that I learned today that whenever Allah is mentioned to command something it shows obligation any place in the Quran I come across Allah commanding me something I already know it's a principle I can use it wherever I want does that make sense meaning it's a principle where many things fall under it this is how أصول الفق is it's all under it for many فق does that make sense brothers can you memorize all this nobody has that time to memorize all of the I already mentioned to you last time كتاب المنهاج 80,000 I'm a 60,000 مسائل is in كتاب المنهاج 60,000 فق issues كتاب الإرشاد إرشاد الغاوي في مسائل 90,000 فق issues can you memorize that and remember it who can memorize 90,000 فق issues واجب حلال حرام 90,000 that's just one book فق are we all together brothers they said كتاب الهداية by مرغي ناني has 120,000 in حلفي فق 128 or 20 something 40,000 فقية in there who can memorize that وصول الفق helps you because I may not know the ruling of an issue but I have principles so you come to me and you talk to me and you say to me Allah said this the messenger said this straight to I can give you a ruling based on the principles I have I've never heard of this issue it's new to me but I have a principle that I'm bringing back all of these two that's why it's easier to study أصول الفق and master it and that will allow you and help you with what that will allow and help you and ground you on the roots و هذا حق you can apply on many issues not something many many many issues remember our life as a professor أعمار أمتي مبينة 60 you're Jews with Dalik this ummah is going to live for 60 to 70 years no one's going to go beyond that it's little who go beyond that you can't spend your time memorizing all these فرع فقية you don't have time for that so أصول الفق helps you shorten the road very good question the brother asked the hadith of the professor من يريد الله بخيرا يفقه في الدين حديثه معاوية في الصحيحين if Allah wants good for somebody the fiq when it was used in the Quran and the sunnah back then it's not the fiq that we're talking about now the fiq that was used in the Quran and the sunnah meant the understanding of the religion in its totality for example أبو حنيف I used the word al fiq and he meant what فقل the whole religion he meant are you with me brothers we spoke about this before if we would use the word fiq they meant عقيدة أخلاق everything back in the days but when it became a science then it became شرعية العملية المقتصبة it became a specific for science and terms they do change do they not change terms they change as time goes on remember the word مكروه what does it mean in the Quran مكروه in the Quran it means حرام مكروه in the Quran it means الله تبارك وتعالى when he spoke about الله talked about killing when he said after that كل ذلك كان سيئه عند ربكة مكروه is killing if we take it based on the late definition it meant it's حرام what did it mean it's حرام فضل that goes back to a أصولي إشي which is which is more than just an issue of fasting because you're not applying it on fasting but it goes back to a concept known as وعل واجب there is a restricted type it's called واجب مقيد and a واجب موسع a wajib that's unrestricted واجب and this question many people ask but I think I should explain it a bit more رمضان is about to come إن شاء الله و تعالى الله allow us to reach it safe and sound and give us the opportunity to do قيام and سيام رمضان is about to come right how many days is the ramadan 30 30 days a person رمضان came and they missed couple of days after ramadan comes what 6 days off شوال is coming somebody missed some days of ramadan they want to do the شوال remember the ramadan is a wajib it's a wajib it's an obligatory act and the 6 days is a wajib it's مستحب right it's recommended am I making sense here if the person comes and does the 6th when there's a ramadan on them you've given presidents to us مستحب over a wajib and this is wrong does it make sense am I making sense here because the Hadith of the Prophet ﷺ و لا يزالوا عبدية تقربوا إليه بالنوافل حتى أحبا فإذا حببتوا كنتوا سمعوا اللذي يسمعوا به الله he loves the person to come with what مما فترتوا عليه that which I made obligatory on you that's the thing Allah loves most so you come with the wajib first لا كين another issue is hitting there's another issue here which is the person they missed 29 days and they only fasted once مثلاً they were sick or whatever reason they missed it pay attention here 29 they missed and they only fasted once so even if they try to bring it back they will never catch Shawwal can they Shawwal will miss them true or false so what we say is خمبان is not restricted to a period of time but Shawwal is restricted to a time the one that's restricted takes president over the what the unrestricted does that make sense to you does that make sense to everybody so we say to the person 29 okay take these 6 days خمبان doesn't have a timing that you have to do it in and some people believe this concept you don't have to you just have to pay it back that's a debt of Allah on you but you don't have to pay it back before the other Ramadan am I making sense now I don't want to come across as though I'm telling you guys don't pay back Ramadan don't pay it back but the concept that says that you have to pay it back before the other Ramadan there is no basis for that but it is a debt Allah owes on you you have to give it back and the debt of Allah is the most befitting thing to pay back any other questions last question when it comes to the Kitab generally the imams were the same they all memorized the book of Allah you see the book of Allah can someone claim that he memorized the Quran can somebody say I memorized the Quran can you claim that I memorized the Quran yeah but can you claim that I memorized the sunnah so the mistakes that happen generally from the jurist and the fuqa heart generally is revolving around what the sunnah everybody memorized the Quran but the sunnah he's a liar the one who claimed that he memorized the sunnah all of it you can't so that question that you asked but it came to the sunnah and as it seems apparent is that Al Imam Abu Hanifa due to his land place of residency fuqa in Iraq in which he was in and the timing that Al Imam Abu Hanifa was a timing he was meaning books of hadith were not compiled like that because remember the first person who wrote was who in حديث و أول جامعي الحديث والأثر محمد ابن شهاب محمد ابن شهاب who commanded him to do it عمر ابن عبد العزيز does that make sense Al Imam Abu Hanifa didn't see the book of عمر عبد العزيز no did he see Muattah Al Imam Manik Manik was after him he didn't see the book of ابن جريج and these imams so Abu Hanifa due to that his madhab was very him his knowledge of hadith was less than the others but what is amazing is even then what he could extract from the little that he had showed you he was a great person the little he had and what he done with it الله أكبر are we all together and the other three they are أهل الحديث أهل الحديث because of that issue but within them without a doubt when it came to حديث and the knowledge of hadith no one was close to when it came to حديث it was the highest of the four and there is no doubt about that all of the scholars of the hadith and all of them are students of أهلي مام أحمد his knowledge of hadith was حتى شافعي you would say to أهلي مام أحمد if we narrate a hadith and it's weak you would say سبحانك اللهمة بحمدك أشدوا لا إله إلا الله أستغفرك واتوب إليه