 My name is Saurabh Deshmukh, working as an assistant professor in Mechanical Engineering Department, Volchian Institute of Technology, Sallapur. In earlier videos, we have seen the various forms and characteristics of renewable energy sources. In this video, we are going to see the impact of energy resources on environment, the learning outcome. At the end of this session, the learner will be able to explain various impacts of energy resources on the environment. The content of this video is, we are going to see the modes of impacts on the environment. Then the impact of energy resources such as coal, oil, natural gas, solar, wind and biomass. Now we will see the modes of impacts on the environment. The first mode of impact on the environment is air, which causes oxygen depletion, SO2 emissions, CO2 emissions and fine particulate matters, like PM 2.5. The second mode of impact is water. The mercury gets dissolved in the water, which causes several health issues, also the consumption of water for the generation of energy and the pollution caused by them. The third impact on the environment is land, it is on-site and off-site. Then the impact of energy resources on wildlife and also the human health. First we will see the impact of coal as an energy resource. The first impact is air pollution. Burning of coal emits methane, sulphur dioxide, which contributes to acid rain and also respiratory illness. It also emits nitrogen oxides, which contributes to smog and respiratory illnesses. Then it also emits CO2, heavy metals, fine particulate matters, which contributes to smog health. And also the lung diseases, currently one third of the all global carbon dioxide emission comes from the burning of coal, hence coal is a huge contributor to the global warming. Coal slug, that is slurry, contains elevated level of chlorides, sulphate, arsenic, lead, mercury and selenium, which contaminates the groundwater. Emissions from the coal-fired power plants are the largest source of mercury in the world. Coal also reduces 20,000s, according to the NRDC report, electricity generation in the US releases about 38,70,40,000 pounds of toxic air pollution annually, which is the huge amount of toxic air. Then the burning of coal leaves substantial quantity of flash-eye, which usually stored in the ash pond that is wet store or landfills that is dry store, which contaminates the groundwater. The surface mining of coal causes the direct and indirect damage to the wildlife. The pumalanga high weld in South Africa is the most polluted area in the world due to the mining industry and the coal power plant stations. The coal also contains the radioactive elements like uranium, which on burning cause radiation. The fine particulate matter that is PM2.5 tends to penetrate into the gas exchange regions of the lungs. Also the smallest particle less than the 100 nanometers that is nanoparticles may also even more dangerous or damaging to the cardiovascular system. Now I want you guys to take a pause and think on reuse of after burning residuals of coal to reduce the pollution. Just take your time and note down the methods to reuse the after burning residuals of coal that is coal slurry. Can we use it as a top layer of unpaved roads or as an ingredient in concrete or wallboards or as a top layer of running tracks? Can we use coal slurry as an agricultural soil additive also? Just think on it. Next we will see the impact of oil on the environment. The oil spreads over the surface and water on the water in a thin layer. The deep water horizon oil spill which was considered as one of the disastrous oil spill covered 68,000 square miles of the sea surfaces and killed approximately 1 million coastal and offshore seabirds also. The oil damage animals, liver, kidney, brain and other organs. It is not just the effect of oil has on wildlife, oil contamination can make water unsuitable for irrigation and damage how water treatment plant work. Oil also causes cancer, immunity system separation and reproductive failures. The oil triggers long term ecological changes by damaging animals nesting and breeding grounds. It also has radical impact of infrastructure build for oil and gas extraction. Oil also causes increasing erosion of the soil. It prevents photosynthesis in the plants. Oil and gas production are among the main culprits of air pollution, one of the world's biggest killer according to United Nations. When fossil fuels are burned by the power plant, atomobiles and industrial facilities, it generates toxic gases. The Dr. Brian Tassie, the NOAA veterinarian, prepares to clean an oil camp's riddle turtle after the deep water horizon oil spill which is considered as the most disastrous oil spills. Then the impact of natural gas. The drilling and extraction of natural gas from wells and its transportation in pipelines results in leakage of methane which is 34 times stronger than the CO2. The natural gas also produces the greenhouse gases. In power plant, the natural gas emits 50-60% less carbon dioxide than the regular oil or coal fired power plants. The natural gases are highly flammable which means leaks can result in explosion and disasters. Natural gas are toxic in natures. The gas infrastructure is expensive, pipeline cost is significant amount of money to the construct. Natural gases are orderless, so unless an orderant is added to the gas, the leaks can go undetected which can be very disastrous. Then the impact of solar energy. Actually the solar energy has very less adverse effect on the environment. It is one of the most eco-friendly resources. It produces no pollution, no noise. It has also zero carbon footprint while producing the electricity. We can also install solar panels on the back water of the reservoirs to stop the evaporation of the water. What the main impact of solar energy is, it requires large amount of land to install the solar panels. Also, some toxic materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic cells, that is PV cells, which is the main part of the solar panels. That converts sunlight into electricity. Some solar thermal systems use potentially hazardous fluid to transfer the heat. Now the impact of wind energy. The wind energy is also considered as one of the most eco-friendly energy systems. It has zero carbon footprint. The windmill can be installed at the remote presses like hills. The main adverse effect of the wind energy is the noise. Noise from the wind developments has one of the most studied environmental impacts of this technology. As with any machine involving moving parts, the wind turbine generates noise during the operation. Noise from the wind turbines arises mainly from two sources. The first one is mechanical noise, which is caused by the gearbox and the generator. And the second source is aerodynamic noise caused by the interaction of wind blades with the wind. The wind power is threat to the local species population, particularly for birds and bats. When the blades of wind turbines rotate at high speeds, the air pressure around the blades shifts and increases the likelihood of birds and bats colliding with the blades. The amount of land required to install the wind turbines varies depending on the size of the project and where it is located, that is on flat ground, or wheel, or in ocean. In general, offshore wind projects require more space than the land-based one, as the turbines and blades tend to larger. Then the impact of biomass energy. The biomass energy is the main source of the carbon dioxide, as we are burning the biomass to produce the heat. It also causes deforestation, because the wood is the main source of the biomass. It also creates pollution. Sometimes the biomass contains toxic elements, lids, and cadmium, which get released into the environment. These are the references. Thank you.