 Hello, thank you. Thank you very much for coming here. My name is Marcin. I go by the nickname Saper It's it's a wonderful thing to be here. I mean, I'm amazed that But I have a chance to talk to you today, and I hope you like it Here's some pointers to myself there is some little technical innovation if you have your laptop on your lap You can just go to the URL And if you press L the slides might advance automatically on your computer If you don't maybe it's useful for some of you so for some time now, I am feeling really fascinated by aviation computer systems and everything that surrounds it and I find this is a very specific and Domain of computing This presentation contains everything is from public sources as far I can tell and I Tried quite hard not to include anything, but this is restricted or Or some kind of things. So first some important disclaimers I mean mostly for me this talk is done in my private capacity and because of my private interests So any relation to my day and night job is purely coincidental So before purchasing anything do contact licensed travel professional and don't rely on anything I'm saying So first I want to dive into airport environment. So typical software you see On the on the airports So obviously the first and the most important one are air traffic control systems So everything which is responsible for safety and in flight Then you have some simple things like flight information display systems of those Things which manage all those fancy displays you see all around the airport and all the information that passengers are getting Systems for baggage control making sure everything gets very where it should Access control, of course They're limiting the access for employees and and crews and everybody Plus additional little small things like announcements systems for lost and found et cetera, et cetera probably There are lots of things like that on every airport One two systems which I want to mention here that are Are also used widely in the industry Not only on the airports are thematic and word tracer Thematic is in a huge database Having information about passport and visa requirements So travel agents checking agents error and representatives can verify online What's What may be wrong with with your visa or your passport so that you may not be allowed into your destination Words tracer is a very interesting system which literally knows every piece of luggage where it is Worldwide and you can trace it and you can find it if it's lost There is a way to figure out what went wrong and why why it went wrong So simple things From the air traffic controls category. I think people who are interested in aviation may might have known this already This is stuff related to the weather. So we have messages Describing prognose weather and we also have messages describing current weather There is a good to American website to To see this and well, you can imagine a simple I or C conversation between two people like this like, you know Somebody asking how is weather in Warsaw? And Alice responds Yeah, it's fine. Mostly fine. I mean visibility is good clouds are low, you know, and no significant change changes recently. I Used to have some such gadget on my laptop to check for the rubber. I think it's it's going to be pretty useful I never system from 80 sequence Domain and it's specific to Europe is scored common decision-making. So basically under the single European sky house We call it. Oops, sorry Under single European sky All information about traffic the movements of aircraft are is transmitted centrally the organization responsible for that is Euro control in Brussels and Basically, they know what time which aircraft was pushed from the gate When it went to to to runway when into the department what kind of delay was that what was the reason and so on so on So this helps to squeeze more space out of the traffic space in Europe considerably They have a nice public website There is a link up there. I have collected all the links in one place later. So if you want You can follow them and it contains Lots of information about currency to traffic situation in Europe So if you are embarking on a trip and you have, you know, there are problems in some airports You can go there and read information. This is a sample message regarding Skeens hasn't right now in Europe. So on every weekend since December to to February Air traffic controllers and pilots are supposed to to follow some specific instructions This is an example for Innsbruck Airport So there is a bit different different approach procedure for a scene for aircraft so lots of interesting even some sometimes listed like football games and And also some serious stuff affecting affecting operations So let's move a bit more into airline systems. What's the airlines are using? First and most important is to me is around inventory This is a system which is a database of all flights That airline is running the schedule What kind of aircraft is this what kind of sitting configuration is there and most importantly this controls the whole sales process so availability of seats and Ultimately the price you pay for that is all controlled there So this flow systems has very secret deeply buried business rules To determine how much we will be paying for for travel Next is reservations and ticketing will be digging a bit more into this today because This this is the system which works mostly on passenger name records They're part of the partial control and flight management the partial control is an IT slang for check-in So basically everything the checking agent uses what gate agents use to belongs to this area, so Basically if you work in the system you take the reservation of The passenger and you accept the baggage you print the boarding pass you put some information into additional information there and This is everything that is needed to this as well One half of what is needed to to have the aircraft ready for departure the flight management handles things like like fuel and Similar issues and Second important half of getting the aircraft of one is load control So basically you how much stuff do we put into the aircraft so that it finally can depart how many passengers do we have? What is you what is your? Load in the cargo how many containers pallets you have inside and so on I will show you as little example maybe later Of course, we shouldn't forget avionics Unfortunately, I'm not into this area, but but this is probably subject of its own how avionics is built how it's deployed and and controlled and And last but not least in flight entertainment both systems are getting pretty complex right now Well in one Airbus 380 I have seen it's basically a Linux Linux network with IP with multi-gusting with everything in it And it's all flying Additional These which sometimes is done by the airline sometimes is done by by the airport sometimes by some other parties It's flight planning software. We're already Quite few well-established packages to to plan actual flight route So out of the system you may you may help Prepare which exactly what you do to really taking out of it. You will get your fuel requirements So all the system Before departure the plane a kind of resource game. So how much passengers you put in? So how much maybe you fit more cargo or less and maybe you put more more mail or less So when you can put more fuel or as well, I've seen situations like because of too much fuel We had to offload passengers from the flight So this all has to be tightly coordinated for systems are in so are interconnected and and the goal is to get everything out on time and That's an important next important thing is money so sales Most of the sales of island tickets is facilitated via systems called global distribution systems So this is a link between travel agents web portals and airlines This is kind of wholesale business of air travel Most of you have certain who did fly have certainly interacted with one of those systems maybe the eventually but So the first one system deployed was Haber Saber Galileo the word span and my favorite for one I actually Use most is Amadeus the European one those systems Do sell most of stuff but airlines also sell directly from the from the inventories So so you may get deals online on the website Which are not available via GDS in general the whole GDS business is Is Regulated because it's very easy to manipulate the market if you If you you know show more seats in one airline and less it's on the other airline and show more expensive tickets in one line and less expensive tickets on the other so so There were cases in the past when when it was manipulated and and You could take a player market players could take advantage. Also, both systems are Very heavily localized. So that means it depends where you are who you are Is what you get So you can see ticket conditions saying this ticket is available available only in Tehran in March of 2015 That's it. That's nothing really unusual Sometimes if you get a confirmation of your reservation There are you were else in there So they relate more or less to the to the GDS systems and you can you can figure out Which system was was in charge of your of your trouble So let's go back to them Main subject here today. It's the passenger name record What it is what it why it is important We call it sometimes a booking or a reservation So it's a structure that describes your itinerary of a passenger or the group of passengers Sometimes a pretty large group even This can include travel by air can be traveled by hotels by you can include car rental there Well, you can even say Somebody's like maybe driving or moving somewhere without using an airplane from A to B and and he continues travel afterwards There is no formal industry standard for the format of a PNR But because they can very exchange between the various systems They tend to be very similar. So for example, lots of abbreviations and a lot of additional services described in the PNR Are pretty much standard. So so you don't have a issue of understanding In PNR in different systems PNR are identified by the record locator Here's an example six and TZQ are This is actually goes down to some low level identifier of on desk Initially, it was really really like a like a block number block ID where the record was stored both systems have been created in 60s, so so technology behind it is it was pretty interesting And also locator is unique in the inventory system. I Put some abbreviations one a is a line abbreviation for Amadeus system Although it's not an airline LH of Lufthansa and so on and so on so so sometimes you have a combination of two and your Your passenger name record can be put in two systems like if you fly to different airlines or Airlines using different systems There's pretty good chance that your your PNR will be replicated and will have two or three different identifiers It's important to watch if you check on the website you want to check in quickly It's which one which one is right. Sometimes there's nothing less else like just trying all of them and see maybe one of them works So So PNR are something which is like volatile. It's pretty quick and dirty information It doesn't cost much or accept for access to the system doesn't cost cost cost anything to put a reservation so double agent can just play with a system and bookseats for you see different different itineraries different routes and price them and They can do it online After that if if you if you want to purchase a certain route Electronic ticket today will be created and this indicates that really the third has been paid and the contract The actual contract has been has been kind of signed So the ticket is valid between two cities Not to airports. So for example, you can you can in theory use a ticket for two different airports in one city It usually has a date when it's valid and carries some long number. This is a real example from from Swiss the first three digits indicate the airline and This number is never reused So PNRs are like like go in go out delete Numbers can be Locators can be reused. It's like throw away information of all important That electronic ticket is something where your money is So if you ever get a confirmation for a travel, make sure you know the ticket number because that's your money all the rest is secondary The ticket also specifies the third page which is with a tariff and important decimal condition Conditions for note. I heard some some of you had some issues coming to to congress in one of the evenings I think two days ago, so I advise them, please do check your fair note and make sure To know what is penalty for for example penalty for a booking or if you can rebook at all So all those little little things are described in the fair note So electronic ticket may or may not be associated to the PNRs of PNR The typical consequences you create reservation first you You sell the ticket and then everything is combined, but it's also many to many relationship You can have multiple tickets for one journey For example, or you can you can have multiple reservations for one ticket So how do we go into creation of PNRs and how do we work with them? so Practically all reservation systems are mainframe systems Originally meant to be accessed by 370 green screen terminal So if you anyone of you had ever chance to chat touch a mainframe or see the mainframe system That's exactly how it looks like however Most systems provide interactive interface with real-time transaction processing and It's really fast and given the amount of transactions. They process This is this is something which is which is which is really in The scale of a processing going on there is something which is some sometimes hard to imagine most airline systems I mean reservation and ticketing systems they run on an one of the most Unknown operating systems It's called transaction processing facility short TPF It was created in 1960s and actually one has a feeling that the Real core of the system didn't really change with the whole and Both systems until today are processing things like airlines and credit card transaction processing for example Ibiza is using also also something like that and Number of installation worldwide is certainly less than 100. I heard some numbers in numbers around 50 or 60 and It looks like we have even less and less Installations available. There has been many many many IT projects to replace that You can imagine vendors like big database vendors trying to create something which is as fast and as scalable as this Well, it looks like technology from 60s still holds strong and we cannot So Once we get a system we know the mainframe We need to connect somehow to it and I will describe shortly typical workstation This is a typical checking you configuration. So because it's has mostly everything Start the ticketing agents need not not everything but checking agents is somebody who really has all of devices connected So so you have all output devices. It's a backpack printers So that thing you put on your it was put on your back the boarding pass printers hard copy printers and I tell you long live dot matrix printers I've seen you know, they're young agents coming to work and like like we after after training the sevo's things Which I remember from my high school and it's like what? What is this? But given the amount of paper which is produced so I can show you the onboard service place for airbus 380. It's like this thick For just for one flight So there is no hardware in printing business which can withstand such a lot and the best thing is you can fix it with a lever man or life mostly Try doing that with your laser printer or or ink tech printer or anything like that I mean what can happen printer can just get stuck You take a knife remove the paper remove the rest keeps going input devices we usually use this magnetic stripe reader for frequent fire cards and for credit cards is Sometimes usually it's combined with OCR scanner So if you have a passport or ID with this little readable zone If you get one from digital courage here, you can get lich build house wise there. It also contains appropriate appropriate information to be scanned so Barcode scanner keyboard and what's interesting although Many countries are jumping onto biometric passports. I have yet to see RFID reader fear Well, actually nobody needs a picture of a passenger, but But hopefully yet So we don't have force at least I haven't seen both in action yet and all this gear is supposed to be connected to to that to the Mind-tream system, but this was really done by hard wiring terminals Those things really got created in 60s and and And if a whole structure of a whole ideology behind it didn't really change today We are using actually PCs and there is a thing called common use terminal equipment, which is a Which is a platform software platform built on today. It's Windows XP I know I know but it was always to it was Windows NT and now it's XP. Well Maybe it's easier to lock down Windows XP. I don't know and Basically the goal of this is to Able to you to be able to use the same PC for different airlines So you can quickly change just to log into another user and you are with Lufthansa you log out to switch to and you are in in I don't know as Yana and so on so on so on so you can basically switch software configurations on demand as you just need them the devices stay the same and Where physical hardware stay the same, but the whole logic the networking behind it changes They're also service Kiosk. This basically it's the same equipment just designed to be used by by the passenger himself So So let's go to to communications and how it always wired There are two well a few more but that to leading companies and Called one of them is called Sita. It's actually a corporation created by the airlines and American counterpart. It's a record or now take a radio incorporated. Those companies are the telecom or ISPs To the airlines so they provide the whole infrastructure To get with everything that worked So they created especially Cita created a huge pre-internet wide area network and It's amazing because it's it's covering over over 220 countries And it was done done well before we even were thinking about the internet so One of the most important part and functions of force networks is connecting those terminals we spoke before to those mainframes Actually, it looks like It looks like that each device is separately connected to the house So it has its own identifier Device identifiers similar to to your like, you know IP address or something like this So the advantage is that is that you can worldwide Use device on some other terminals. So I've been for example printing on printers, which are like 10,000 kilometers away and and the system handles that easily Well in the 60s, it was probably really really cool thing and try to do that on somebody else printer here over internet One function on the In communication area is messaging via telex So airline people really say we write telex and we read telex and so we don't write emails There's a special protocol Unfortunately the specifications are you have to pay for that to get into it and It's designed to run on serial links and Well, occasionally it might run over IP on some some IP protocol links But actually the whole system is designed to function without any any internet So here's a sample message From from Citadel X Maybe let's skip to to to do a more Explained version. Well, you can think of it like an email. It's actually Functionally very similar to what SMTP is doing. So the first two lines are our header. So QD is a priority Sender and recipient are listed below The cool thing about Cita addressing system that the first letter three letters are always the airport code The second two letters are usually the airline code and the rest those two left are usual kind of standardized So you can actually guess the address of the recipient if you don't know Because for example, I need to write reservations of New Zealand and New Zealand in Auckland So I just send it to achl NZ our Indeed you while it goes through so far some standard addresses which everybody's using and it's pretty useful You don't have to even think and also look up. What's your address? You just Generate them right away So the third line is this TPC PM is the type of a message this this example is container palette message So this is the message with describes the exact what is put inside of cargo area of this particular aircraft Followed by the flight number The flight number registration number of the aircraft And then we have this description description of what's loaded 11 L 12 L 14 1 L 42 L our positions So it's like a map you can imagine left right and and doors where where their containers are located three letters PTC aka H versus VISA container type aka H is typical Luggage luggage container IST is the code for Istanbul. So it's where this container is supposed to go Wave in kilograms and what it is see is a cargo BC means business class bags Without busy be why is Europe means there are no economy class bags there be why means it's economy class container It matters because if you unnote Some unloading process is really slow. So you have to Prioritize which containers you want to be first out for example for some short connections You want to have containers to be unloaded quickly and finally there is a hold five the hold five We call it sometimes belly. This is a part of a aircraft while not aircraft have it but It's a part where you don't put containers. You just put loose items That's where animals are being transported versus good dogs and cages Strollers wheelchairs on some funky items, I don't know like like bikes sometimes or or Surfing boards or something like this and somebody put here a comment two baby stories in CPT 5 which means somebody we have to choose two strollers to be unloaded This will be the first thing which probably goes out to the aircraft. So Passenger disembarking will get it those messages can be CPM is mostly written automatically by the system, but you can write its free text. We just like an email and Then there is a wireless communication Something you might have heard before in the news There is a data link wires data link between Aircraft and the ground which is called a curse out aircraft communication addressing reporting system It would went mainstream recently because of Malaysian flight three sieve 70 and It was widely discussed. So this is lots of communication going on there Automatically, so engines reporting what's going on there systems reporting was going there Pilots are using it all the time one of the particular application, which is very interesting for us is ADS system which One of part of it just broadcasts Information about the flight. So it says a flight number registration number Destination current altitude speed and so on and so on. This is exactly what flight rudder 24 comm is using basically flight rudder of 24 is just a network crowdsource network of people who are running who are running Receivers from for those messages. They are not encrypted. So you everybody can receive that You put them on the map And that's it There are also other modes and yes, you can see they are used in a question-answer mode So you can ask for more information. You can also And transmit telex I meant before on board and back using this this communication and Military application called IFF identification friend of foo is actually just a little protocol extension on a DS with some crypto So somebody sends you a challenge You have to sign it respond back and then you are friendly aircraft Or not so there is a free and open software called a car's tea available for sniffing ATS so of course some radio equipment is acquired and you can you can just read our logs available on the internet People are sniffing this communication. So so you can you can see what's going on there. So Let's go to some more deeper down into into into the actual Reservation and PNR. So this is an example. It's a fake example But it looks really real how the passenger name record of Amadeus looks like So looking from top with some indications all those things with Singh is is the indication of the office There is a user ID or HSU is a user ID who created or recently updated for record the date it was updated and on the top right hand you You see the locator Then you have a name of the passengers one of the passengers is a child It was a child born on 1st January 2008 and then you have Lines with additional Information so line three in line number four are itineraries. So where the passengers flying with flight numbers booking class date Terminal number destination Hk2 means holding confirmed which means that reservation is confirmed. So most of Usual normal reservations if you have a seat, that's what it says times of departure and and and dates and your baggage allowance Then there is a mandatory contact information Sometimes it's a passengers contact information Sometimes it's very useful for the airline to get be able to to to call you on your mobile and ask if you are on your way to to boarding or maybe somewhere else or Sometimes just travel agents is put it inside the line number six is the ticket element It's the ticketing information in this case the ticket has not yet been issued and we are waiting to So the passenger to to pay for the ticket so The First word on the line like AP take a SSR Indicates type of a record It's really after a while if you get used to it is really straightforward SSR these are special Requirements records would describe anything additional Additional information about the passenger which we know so in this case Information means the passenger is a child see actually is a universal code for for a child SQ is the airline which is flying with the Singapore Airlines Hk is was good information was confirmed from the airline date of birth of a child and Slash means It's a poor man's Hierarchitecture S3 means this information is attached to segment number three So this is the flight in the row number three and P2 which means it attached to the passenger number two to mr. John Keane And the similar second row is the same for the for the for the return flight for segment four passenger two so In Emma Deus PNR you can have some items associated with some passengers For example, you can have two passengers flying together, but one of them needs a wheelchair assistance or One of them is child or two minutes and lines number nine and two ten It's something for people who are using IRC or Maybe familiar this are bots entries so Reservation systems have lots of bots operating on them And they put some interesting messages for travel agents and for airlines this bot is Looking all reservations without the ticket and is saying Hello We need the ticket before the state. Otherwise this reservation will be cancelled So if you don't put ticket number behind this reservation, it will be cancelled and those seats which you have now confirmed So you actually are blocking two seats will be Will be released Here are some examples of comments. I've seen live or X is a so-called restricted comment or Secret comment this can be seen only by people who created this reservation This information, please kindly rush assist packs to issue MCO for sing JFK flight number blah, blah, blah this means the passenger has paid for an upgrade to business class and Proper document has to be issued. There's a whole telegraphic language used Because those telexes I mentioned before Are very costly. It's actually in some cases even every byte is being charged for transmission So there's a whole system of of abbreviations and language how to how to do that to to make it short Another example a special service request WS is CHS. This is Wiltshire SQ HQ one kind of walk-long distance elderly. So this is information the passenger needs a wheelchair assistance there are actually three kinds of that and And that which is expected that somebody will pick the passenger up and and help them help them to Took it and also pick them up on the on the airport and other Comments is a check-in comment for checking agents that passengers pregnant 22nd week of frequency. So This information is important because of our limits If you're pregnant, how how far along you can fly you sometimes you need the doctors doctors a test for that But I just wanted to give an example of something which is Which is certainly not necessarily meant for public use another item which Is related to to recent discussions regarding passenger PNR some reservations is advanced passenger information My first remark will be that contrary to what European Union says It's advanced passenger information. So something which is provided in advance. It's not advanced You will see lots of lots of sites have make this error This is an innovation Related to all visa passport immigration rules and Airlines have a possibility on sometimes a requirement to put your passport or visa information into the reservation system To for further processing if you'll fly domestic or Within within within European Union, for example, you might not be required to do this There are also some international flights airlines which don't do that But there's around 30 countries which require that countries like Australia, New Zealand United States of America, of course Recently Myanmar joint joined this this group in November this year And sometimes this information is being used to automatically verify Various electronic visas for many countries you can get visa online It's just a record and airline has a possibility to to online quick. Click check Your if your visa is valid and everything's fine to do that the airline has to put your information first So if you see checking agents are wiping your passport sometimes twice They usually are putting putting those information into the system. These are the actual Kamadev's commands to put the passport information With a number date of issue and so on and so on Visa information and United States Requires providing an address where you will be staying in the United States So there is also facility to do that in the reservation system So how what is happening with those with those passenger data? There is They haven't designed some kind of Messages format so this is they're actually something similar to what I've shown before and Information about the passengers being transferred to the country of the destination We have to we have to I will show you examples of that Pax elasticity is a kind of simpler thing. It's mainly used for for visa purposes and PNR government information is like We need to know everything about the passenger actually But two models are push model. So the airline supposed just to deliver all later passenger data at some certain point before departure and Usually after departure over over aircraft and first pull model The government may sometimes ask the airline automatically via the interface Please give me more information about passenger X or that Airlines sometimes can also Online send this information for example if you want to check a visa online. So here's an example of Pax LST message Does anybody recognize the format Bingo very good. This is ad effect so for those who never heard it's Standard related to electronic data into change So this is something which is like XML of the 90s You can see well, well, it's maybe difficult to explain the format, but it's it's Also hierarchical so you can put items And that's some sub items into it and this structure can be pretty flexible So you and B you and you and that at the end these are the headers. So these are the kind of envelope of a whole message UNG you and H is see the identification of what kind of message is this and if you don't look at classes and you don't look at epistrophs and Collins it's kind of slowly starts making sense This is now a well, maybe not a new trend but recently Various in attempt that all airline systems Switch from using plain text Dialexes which I showed you before to both kind of messages Well, it's only a bit to me. It's only a bit better than I send at one It is parsing this is Sometimes really really horrible and we can expect probably lots of fun issues with that in the future So this box LST message lists basically the most important information is hidden in the middle of it's the name of a passenger and its address of Well nationality some words you have a country called us somewhere inside a time of a message and so on and so on that's it's kind of It's it's kind of pretty pretty easy I wanted to explain a bit some more special case a Bit special than all other countries requiring some mission is the procedures requiring entering United States of America So within department of Homeland Security you have to To the two organizations transport security administration a very well known For patting passengers PSA and customers and border protection. So which is the border police of the United States They require similar information to be delivered PSA calls it secure flight. This is required for all flights in In the US coming to the US departing from the US and also flying over the United States Just if you don't even land you need to submit this information to be able to overfly So they want to check who's on the flight and if some special name some It's on the list. They may want may want to deny you possibility to arrive One of the things they run Do not fly watch list widely discussed subject and secondary screening SSS This is procedure where a plane passenger checks in and is informed. Sorry, but TSA has selected you for secondary screening. You have to go to this room There is a for example body scanner or something like this and you will be asked some questions and you will be additionally so The US requires that this is all done also prior to arrival prior to departure So you can see it happening in Germany or in other countries where the flights to the United States Another part which is what's what was their border protection is doing is requesting this API but passport information and what they do fear For countries which have which are participating in visa waiver program for example, Germany They do the Automated as the processing as to our force Online visas many visas which you apply for the US if you have a German passport So basically airline has a possibility to online Provide this information to to to to the Department of Homeland Security and it's getting response As the valid as to not valid or sometimes It was valid but has been denied one more lesser-known feature of of this proceeding is a CBP advisory program and to quote from website They say they deploy advisors in selected overseas locations to provide on-site training and technical Assistance to foreign customs administration or bargain border control agencies. So these are actually American employees being outsides and And and How they work they receive information from from Department of Homeland Security Because they already have information about passengers delivered and they can approach some passenger asking few questions or talk to the airline Just by accident in August this year. I found a job advertisement for this position In Frankfurt, Germany. So they were looking for for free agents. So you need to have a secret secret security clearance Here is a description of what CBP is doing and the description of the duty So you become a team of Homeland Security professionals detecting preventing Terrorists and instruments of terror from entering the United States typical what assignments include Using current targeting and passenger analysis information to focus on the high-risk passengers Make recommendations to carriers and house to governments regarding passengers who should not be boarded or flights this time to the United States Dealing with highly sensitive situation tactfully and diplomatically in order to gain the cooperation of travelers and airline career representatives and foreign law enforcement personnel Serving as a subject matter expert and advising consulting CBP management and house government officials and emissivity requirements to enter the United States But this is a kind of official who is working in Frankfurt on the airport and He has just advisory role to the airline I don't imagine an airline who wouldn't take advice from from such an officer Somebody they say please do not board So and for the dessert This is an example of PNR gov message This is what is currently being discussed in the United European Union regarding exchange of data with with with with United States and Canada and This this record Contains everything from the Reservation let me try to make it smaller. Maybe maybe a bit more small Maybe a bit smaller Well, still didn't fit on screen. Sorry So this includes not only PNR information where they have shown you sometimes It's pretty sensitive not only address information password information visa information everything It also includes the complete history of that record It includes all the comments and and what was written sometimes corporations are putting really really really long internal communications about the trouble Plus some checking information like seats baggage and everything. So this is actually what is now being standardized And will be demanded from from from countries in the European Union too So well actually this exchange with us is already functioning So so we're not just only discussing whether the scope is correct and so on What's interesting most of the specifications I spoke about is Force a document documentation is public and open for implementation Most of the online stuff is not but this is easy. So I think they're looking to attract some open source developers in this area So so to as a final note I just want to say something about the future what what is now happening in the systems So we are facing our migration away from a simple tolex messaging. So no longer simple email like thing It's gonna be to be looked like as force horrible structured records, which are being served there's also move away from the peer-to-peer and arrangement between various airlines and Vav at these two companies who try to integrate the whole the whole Travel industry in like one or two huge databases There is standardization of those government messages going on and You can we can watch it online because all all the drafts and specifications are public and we are getting there with new technology gadgets so recently things like tablets for flight crews and Automated biometric passport control This these are things which are currently deployed and this is all tightly connected to the airline systems So very simply it would be much more fun and much more exploration to be done in the future Well, whatever things are going in a good direction. It's I leave it up to you to decide So, thank you for your patience. That's everything to know We still have some time for questions, maybe If you do have a question, please be so kind of lineup and any up to six microphones in the room It's Do we have a question from the internet? Yes, we have a death flyer is asking you mentioned this SSS code four times the letters on the boarding pass that stands for enhanced security screening is required Where does this show up and who can change the status? So this at hand security secondary screening status is First the checking agent Receives that information when they check somebody in so Before they print the boarding pass it has to be should be printed or handwritten on the boarding pass And it should be clean clean. It's clearly stated to the passenger. What's going on? I remember was a story few years ago when somebody discovered that they did scan the boarding pass And they decoded the barcode and this information was there and it was marketed as a kind of security risk It is not because this is actually once it's decided it's public and The only thing you can do if you are too often Selected for the screening you can complain to DHS and you will get a special number unique under the fire of your person Which you can provide in further reservations to maybe Mitigate the risk of being selected Every time because there are passengers who are being selected at random every time for the screening. I Hope it answers it. Yes. Thank you If you do want to leave please do that more quietly as there are still people who would like to listen to the Q&A Michael from to I think you lined up as the first person. Yeah, so often When I'm changing carriers, I'll fly like I'm based in San Francisco. So Usually I'll check in and I'll get all my boarding passes for a particular trip which would be like United to Sydney and then Sydney to Auckland on Air New Zealand or on land Or commonly another trip that I've done is San Francisco to Washington to Munich and then Munich to Trieste and so I'll get like United boarding passes on United stock for the whole trip But then I get there and they're very insistent that I have to change My ticket my remaining tickets back to Lufthansa to Eridolamedi. I was almost denied boardings Sydney to Auckland Because I did not have my entire boarding passes. All of them were not printed on Air New Zealand stock So I was wondering if you could talk about this Well, if it's just something like it's like a marketing thing, or they just want to see it, you know on their stock That's one thing I understand But it seems like there's something deeper because this is across like, you know, at least most of the carriers in Star Alliance This is actually strange to me because first boarding passes are kind of standardized even the barcodes on it is standardized so For example sas is issuing one boarding pass for three segments So they just save paper and they give you one piece of paper for our onward flights so There are reasons which agents sometimes exchange boarding passes are Well, sometimes it's elegance because it's more information there for the island as well Like your frequent fine number is there or maybe some additional information which they want to show you is fair So sometimes they do it to provide more information, but I didn't think it's your case right now here and Sometimes you are Unfortunately required to provide some additional information at the checking desk Even though you've been checked in already two days ago with some other carrier But some of your information mostly it's this passport information. I talked about is missing So passengers are surprised they got a whole stock of boarding pass But we are still being paged to to to to do something and something strange is being done to them but actually apart from changing the seat or Wanting to provide you more information on the boarding pass Like your new boarding time or or new gate or something like this This shouldn't really happen Like this is a cross Yeah, this is this is nothing to do with like I didn't decide to upgrade the last minute. I didn't change my Passport number or anything like that. It's just you get to the game. They're like, oh, you do not have this on Lufthansa I'm sorry. You have to go back out to check in exit through security. Oh and the flight's leaving in 15 minutes Yeah, I mean Those interfaces because I lines have used both to listen faces to exchange your P&R and your information And those interfaces just like everybody knows in the networking are not perfect So sometimes some I see lots of input errors like about three passengers traveling together from the same airport and one of them by Get some information missing sometimes one letter is wrong with something checks him was wrong I don't know but but there are lots of lots of interoperability issues and Well, the agents have no choice just to about to harass you and yeah, okay, so it's a mystery to you, too That's okay for me. Thanks. Thanks Thanks for the Q&A. Will you still be around for further questions as we are running a little out of time here? Then give them some pause for giving that talk and being here. Thank you. Thank you very much