 now the next topic will be introduction to DBMS database management system which is actually unit 6 now the learning objective here we are going to understand the concept of database also to get an idea of database management system DBMS also to understand the database management system in GIS environment which is your geo database management system and how to create the geo database for geo informatics applications so these three broad objectives we are going to achieve now overview few definitions like what is data a raw fact okay we know the difference between data and information right any raw fact is data if you process the data it will be information now database database is actually a systematic collection of data which is stored and accessed digitally or manually digitally then it will be a computer system manually traditional system but everything is a database our traditional file system is also a database right now then what is database management database management is actually creation and maintenance of a collection of organized data this is database management now what is database management in computer environment the repository the catalog we are going to maintain to keep our data so that we can access it at any point of time is your database management now system is added to the concept database management system now the system to make this accessing and maintaining the database easier okay we have taken help of some computer applications which is known as a software so basically DBMS database management system is it is a software package okay which is designed to define manipulate manipulate means making changes retrieve and manage the data in a database okay so database database management and database management system so database management system is a concept in IT information computer okay computer science where we are going to take help of a particular software application which can help us okay for data keeping data editing data retrieving or data managing so this is DBMS very simple the concept now what are the functionalities as I have already mentioned a few of the functionalities first functionality is that data definition okay so DBMS enables the creation of data and also modification of the definition regarding data organization so it can modify data it can define data for instance suppose a student database okay now in the student database there are different categories like the general information regarding the student okay then the exam branch will have another database regarding the exam performance okay or the account branch will have the information regarding the fees process okay so the DBMS will define these different states of data and it will integrate them okay if the admin wish to know that this particular you know student who is going to appear for this exam this year whether he has paid his he or she has paid his or her fee or not or whether he is eligible to pay the fee or not okay whether the person has you know good achievements or good performance in the middle midterm exam or internal exams whether he or she has submitted the assignment so these things will come from the general information exam branch will not then allow the students to sit in the exam and then you will not be able to pay the fee so this is the data definition there are the three different data sets so three different data sets will be defined and managed in DBMS update definitely suppose you have paid the fee then immediately your database will be updated using a DBMS system and you will be able to pay the fee this is data update okay now retrieval suppose the admin wish to know your performance in the last two semester exams now simply I have to call by your roll number or any any enrollment number for two semester exams then immediately I can get the information right so this is retrieval from a central database I am retrieving a specific information so DBMS enables that okay facilitates that then administration this includes registering monitoring the users okay data integrity data security because suppose for this university any x y dead person from outside cannot access the central database you have an administrator login and password that person only can go into the central database and can do all these analyzes or retrieval or updation of data any person cannot update the data for the students they can only update their information only okay they can view only their information not their fellow friends okay so this is known as a administration data administration DBMS enables that okay so this is the advantage over traditional filing system okay you can restrict the user access okay now basis of database system DBMS has to create and maintain the database DBMS facilitates the following table so you can contain the data in a form of a table we all know the definition of a table right next queries it allows a specific queries for instance this semester how many students are yet to pay their exam fee this is a query right I want to know if I ask this place this query in a DBMS system automatically a report will be generated right a report will be generated I can get the print and I can see okay these are the students who are yet to pay their exam fees okay so this is reports and forms someone has already paid okay either it will automatically be updated or suppose there is a some you know discrepancy in the data then the administrator can also go and update that specific entry in the form you know in the form where the students entire information is can be achieved that means a user graphic user interface GUI the forms will be there specific entries will be there where it's a simply data entering data you know editing kind of a method advantage of DBMS over traditional filing system independent data and program what what is this independence is all about you see we have so many software packages for data editing data manipulation and data analysis and all of them are using different file formats like for open office you have a different file format for excel if you take excel as a database for example then in Microsoft office MS office this is excel as open office a different WPS office different extensions so all of them has different extensions in case of your database but in DBMS it is maintaining an independent you know data that means anybody any software package you can just you can get drive the data in any format that means for your analysis okay data serability I can share the data the admin can share the data with the account brands or to the exam brands exam brands can share the data with the admin or to the departments to the faculties okay so data serability enhance the data serability non redundancy no discrepancy no redundancy in the data okay because you all the time you can you are going to update the data you can retrieve the data you can see the forms analysis and everything there will be no data redundancy centralized control as I have already mentioned the administrator control in the database okay data security and integrity okay same the nobody can enter nobody can corrupt the file nobody can update the file without the you know prime reason of the administrator that means administrator login and parcel will be required performance and efficiency definitely it is going to be efficient because in terms of time and cost because the traditional filing system required a huge space huge time huge investment okay here it is going to be a one-time investment okay you only have to you know get the package and you will be able to maintain huge number of databases so these are a few popular DBMS MySQL, SQL Server, Microsoft Access okay PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Oracle these are the standard most popular DBMS now let's bring that concept of database management into GIS environment okay so here we have to understand the particular concept of geodatabase okay now this geodatabase is a collection of geographic data set of various type and formats so this database management system when it is in GIS environment where we are going to deal with the geographic database geographic information this is a geodatabase okay so basically geodatabase contains three primary data types feature classes, raster data set and tables now what is this feature classes now this feature classes actually are homogeneous collection of common features each having some special representations now in GIS environment we know that all the entities on the earth surface can get only three special representation point, line and polygon area okay so this feature class are the homogeneous collection of common features the point will be club under point feature class okay or the point then your line will be the line so all these individual feature class okay will be arranged under these feature classes this particular data set type now the raster data set any image any image this is the image is a raster data set right and the tables so these are three broad data set types in under geodatabase now this is a broad data set type okay like feature data set, feature class feature data set is a thematically related features will be placed under a feature data set thematically related means suppose you are interested for mapping the or to create the roadmap of ASAN okay now how many layers you will have feature classes you will have you will have the administrative boundaries which will be a polygon you will have a line which is going to be a polyline may be the important places cities this is going to be point feature classes will be under the feature data set okay so this is the feature data set then feature class, tables, relationship class this relationship class is actually the topology I am coming to it the topology raster data set, mosaic data set and geoprocessing toolbox there will be a geoprocessing toolbox