 Good morning. My name is Cole Bergman, profusionist by TREG, and currently the ECMO supervisor at Texas Children's since 2010. I would like to thank Texas Heart Profusion Department for asking me to present today. I will be presenting on Texas Children's ECMO history. I have no disclosures, and everything I'll be presenting is based on a one hospital ECMO experience in pediatrics. I have a title like past, present, and future of ECMO without a brief history lesson on the men that helped start it. In the beginning there were two, and ECMO wouldn't be what it is today without these two innovative physicians. Let's start with Dr. Given. His contribution wasn't necessarily ECMO, but his research and advancement and heart and lung bypass definitely paved the way. In 1931, he lost a patient to pulmonary hemorrhage, had nothing to offer her, which inspired him to develop the heart lung machine. But the irony is today, pulmonary hemorrhage is why we put patients on ECMO. So I think ECMO was actually what he had in mind, but his path landed him in the direction of bypass. In 1937, he was able to keep a catalyze for 26 minutes on bypass. Throughout the 1940s as research continued, finally in 1953, his invention of the heart lung machine was able to support a patient.