 Once again, I welcome you all to my channel. I am Dr. Dashmissing, Assistant Professor of the Department of Education, S.S. Khanna Girls degree college. It is a constituent college of the University of Allahabad. It is my email ID. My lecture will be bilingual means beneficial for both Hindi and English medium students. The topic is Principles of Development. For more updates, kindly join Telegram Group Explore Education. Subscribe my channel and this video will be useful for UGC Net and other teaching examinations. Recently, I shared with you the stages of development. The stages of development are the development of child development, child development, child development, prenatal development, and death and old age development. Now, we have to talk about the stages of development. What are the stages of development that are followed? It is a very small topic. It is very crisp and very important. As small as it is, it is also asked a lot. It is asked a lot of short notes on the principles of development. It also becomes a question in the objective of your MCQ. In multiple choice questions. So, it is very easy to pay attention. It is a continuous process but proceeds at a different rate. It is not always the same process. Sometimes it is slow and sometimes it is slow. As I told you in the previous video, it was mentioned that it is 6 years from birth. Development is very rapid and then it slows down. We feel this in our lives, in our students' lives, in our children's lives. Then it proceeds from general to secondary. It proceeds from general to specific. First, it is something and then it becomes specific. So, it follows the pattern of general to specific. Experienced from maturation and learning. That is, our development influences the development of the child. Firstly, what is being done and secondly, how it is learning. It means that if learning is less then it will also influence the development. If it is not maturation then it will also influence the development. That is, both of them leave their influence on development. Who is it? Maturation as well as learning. Then it is influenced by individual difference. You cannot say that all the children will develop in the same way. No, there is individual difference in this. We do follow the pattern but individually we all are different. We all are developed by different pace, different rate, different speed. Then early development is more important and critical than later development. That is, the development of the initial period is more important and critical. You can say that there is a little bit of truth in it that can make you more difficult. The development of the initial period is more difficult. Then its pattern is predictable. How is it predictable? Because we know its stages. We know that after prenatal, postnatal. We know that after infancy, there will be a toddler, early child, middle child, late child, adolescence, adult. So its pattern is predictable. Then it is periodic. It will go on the interval. I have seen a lot of questions based on this. Cephalochordal and proximo-distal. This is a lot of questions. Mix and match is also asked. Match the following is also asked or objective type is also asked. What is Cephalochordal lock and proximo-distal lock? Cephalochordal lock means development proceeds from head to food. How is head to food? When a child is born, first of all his head is not stable. Because his head is stable. Then slowly, slowly the movement of the hands and feet starts. Then the development proceeds from head to food. This is towards the foot. You can call it growth or development. This is called Cephalochordal. This is followed by Cephalochordal. Cephalochordal means proximo-distal. Proximal means in the past. Distal means in the distance. You can call it means development proceeds from near to far. Or you can call it from central body parts to outwards. The movement of the fingers and coordination of the hands starts. Then occurs throughout life. The growth stops after a certain period of time. But the progress of progress is constant throughout life. Life is constant. Then follows principle of integration. The rule of time is followed. How? It is not that only the hand is developing, the foot is not developing, the brain is developing. No other thing is developing. All things go into integration. Then the interaction between heredity and environment. When the development of learners starts in educational psychology, it tells you the stages of development. Then it tells you the principles of development. Then it is called nature-nurture balance. Nature versus nurture or nature-nurture theory. Why? Because now it will come to who is influencing the development. Your nature, your nature, your heredity, which you have brought from your parents or your environment which is being provided to you. So what will you say at the end? You will say that it is balancing. Heredity is also necessary for our better development and environment is also necessary. If one of the two things is losing, then development will not be proper. Then it follows interrelation. The principle of integration and interrelation is that we are going in relation. It is coherent, it is orderly. Then it is spiral versus linear. It is not just a straight line. It is not a straight line. It is a circle. It tells you that the individual starts his growth and development from this point. After going a little further, these two stages are the same. It settles a little here. The situation of play-to comes forward. Then it settles a little further. Then it settles further. This is how the spiral of development is. The spiral follows the pattern. Moves back for consolidation. You can say that moves back comes back to consolidate. Development is not linear as there is no such longitudinal growth and development. First he makes advances in this way but moves back for consolidation. This is the concept of spiral. Spiral pattern of movement in development is opposed to linear. This is the picture taken from the book of S.K. Mangal. Principles of development are such that it is a small topic. But you should know. You should know the points. You should know the concept. Then we will move ahead to the nature and nurture balance. So, the child was born first then his development. Then he was based on which principles of development. Then it is necessary that there is a need for nurture. Then we will come to the physical development, cognitive development, emotional development, spiritual development, language development. So, this is how it will go. So, thank you all and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel. If you like my content, if you like delivery, if you found it worthy and join telegram group 2 for certain things. That's all from my site.