 Felly, rydw i chi'n gweithio i'r cyflawni, ac fyddwn ni'n gofyn i'ch gweithio. Rydw i chi'n gweithio i'r cyflawni. Felly mae'r cyflawni o'r cyflawni, eich fflawni eich cyflawni, ystod y cyffredig, sydd wedi'u gwneud yn 10-15. Mae'r nefyd yn Nic Gawing. A'r ddau i'r brin sydd yna ymddangos. Fyddych chi'n gweithio i'r gweithio i'r gyflawni, ..a report yng Nghymru yw 2003 yw yw yw 80 miliwn newydd. Felly ond mae'n ymweld. Felly mae'r ystyried. Mae'n mynd i'r tyfnol o'r initiadau yn ymddangos iawn. Mae'n ymddangos iawn, o'r tyfnol o'r tyfnol. Felly yw'r tyfnol o'r tyfnol o'r tyfnol o'r tyfnol. Mae'r tyfnol o'r tyfnol o'r tyfnol o'r tyfnol o'r 10 oed. Felly, mae'n gwybodaeth yn ymddangos ei fwrdd. Rwy'n gweinio bod ymddangos ei 75 miliwn, mae'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gwybod o'r teulu ac mae hynny'n mynd i'n ddefnyddio'r metrhaeddy. Felly, mae'n gorffylldyllau a mynd i'r llei. Mae gweithiau'n mynd i mi syniadau yn rai. Felly am eu cychwyn i'r ffordd, a wnaethau o'r cyfgrffoedd ymddangos iawn o'r cyfoeth newid. Felly mae gafodd i chi. ac mae'n i chi'n gwybod i'r awr o'r dynol, ond mae'n meddwl i'r awr o'r cyffredinol. Yn cael ei chyfyddo i'r gweinigol, yma'r FFB 20 yn arwain. Mae'r FFB wasio'r dyluniau mewn FFB 2012, mae'n gwneud ei gweld ei chyfyddo i'r FFB. Mae'n gwneud ei cwmpio i'r CEO ac i ddigwylio'r gweinigol. Mae'n gwneud ei wneud ei wneud i'r gweinigol i'r cwmpio'r gwahau. Mae'n i chi'n gwneud eich cwmpio yma yma yn 1045. i gydag i fod yr un o'r 5 oed, ddwy'ch amddangos i ddweud fwy oedd ymddangos i gydag yma, i wneud yma ar y B20 o'r bwysig, 5 o'r fwy oedd cyfeleu. 1. Fyeth ym ddweud i ddweud o'r cyfnodau strategiol o'r cyfnodau cyfnodau i gael a gael yw'r ddweud cyfeleu. 2. Rydych chi'n gwneud bod ymddangos ei cyflodau cyfnodau ar gyfer cyfnodau cyfnodau i weithio pernodd ddiwanol a gael aeth gyda fforddiedig o bwysigol. 3. Roeddwch gwrth budd Cymru a fyddwch chi'r model carlyig. 4. Roeddwch ein gwoes yng Nghymru a'r ei ddeddiadau mewn gyfodol Cymru, amsgafriadau, ynghwilgarfod, ymgylch ganol, ymgylch ynmais, i'r waith o'r gyferol, yn lleol, a'i'r hynodwytyn. Flook at those five words commit, implement, facilitate, improve and scale. So what we're looking for is even more game changing ideas. Let's hope we somehow in the next 70 minutes can break out of the mindset. Now look, you can engage around the table as we're going to do shortly but there's also another way which I'd like you to be engaged in using your iPads, or your iPhones, or whatever pad you have in your hand I ydy roedd y baithrestodd y cywelfawr, Basically, you are waiting for an-mail or doing your office work, I'd like you to use that little bit o ASMR in your hands to contribute to this discussion. What I'm going to do is create a cloud of concern as it develops in your minds as you sit at the table. Please these are the addresses that you can email, even if it's only a few words. A couple of sentences that's the new shaper's community from the forum. Young entrepreneurs selected because they are already shaping our future. We'll hear from three of them shortly. The Global Agenda Council representatives and other experts selected because of the work you've already been doing on business and growth related to the World Economic Forum and elsewhere. We'll end the conversation at 10 past 10. You will get to your next appointment. ac mae'n yma'r gweithio'r ddylu'n gweld i'r awr. Mae'n ffwrdd i'n gweld i'n gweithio'r ystafell o'r gweithio'r 10 amser. Gael Wilmot Allyn. Wilmot i'r gweithio i'r arweig i'r hynny'n gweithio o gweithio mi yn ddweud o'r gweithio'r gweithio. Yn y gallu gweld, Wilmot yw'r ffawr o'r gweithio yma i'r un pethau o'r Unedig ac o'r gweithio'r ystafell o'r gweithio'r gweithio. ddim yn gwrth i chi, ac mae Lloedd Jody Haymond yn gweithio. Gweithio Lloedd Jody. Rwy'n dweud i Lloedd Jody, ond dwy'n dweud i'r acedau, a Lloedd Jody, rydw i mor yn radigol, rydw i'r ddweud o'r rhaid o ddweud rydw i'r radigol, rydw i'n ddweud o'r ddweud o'r roedd o'r rhaid o'r rhaid o'r rhaid o'r rhaid o'r rhaid o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r helf a'r polisiol yn Magill, yw'r trafodaeth y Llyfrgell Llyfrgell yn ymddiolol, ac Ionidol, rydyn ni'n ddweud i'n ddweud i'r lleol yn ymddiol, os ydych yn y gallu'n ddweud i chi. Felly, yn ymgyrch, 90 ysgyniad, ydych yn ymddiol i'r lluniau'r ysgyniad. 90 ysgyniad, dweud, yn ymddiol. Felly, rydyn ni'n ddweud i chi'n ddweud i chi'n ddweud i chi, felly, mae'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n ddweud i chi.Your own have discovered everything about everyone who's at your table, but I hope you have at least broken the ice and you'll find out more, but let's move ahead because as I said time is of the essence and I apologize if you're getting to the really interesting part about one of the colleagues on your table. Let me before we go to Davidlukliss and also Fwad Agaladin from PWC we're going to just set the scene about the latest metrics and latest data, how worrying it Rwy'n meddwl i'r ffawr o'r hwyl gyda'r un mwy ffawr o'r gwaith i gydag, ac mae yn ymweld i'r gweithio'r cwmfaenol. Yn nifer 4, Yn ymwyllgor yw'n meddwl i oedd i'r gwneud y cynnig o bwysigol pediwyr ar gyfer gweithio ddechrau'r gwaith. Mae'n ddweud bod yn nifer 5, gan gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio yn ddechrau cwmfaenol iawn. Mae'n ddim yn ymweld i'r pwysigol yn ymwyllgor ar gyfer gweithio'r gweithio'r lŷ. Mae'r cwrdd ymlaen i 11 o'r ddweudio radigol ar gyfer y rai gwrsgrifennu a unedurau a gweithio'r cyfnodau cerdd. Yn amlwb yn ddiweddol ar y penderfyniadau dywi. Mae'r tyfnod yn helpu ar y gwirio. Mae'n fawr o'r hyn o'r rai fod yn gweithio ar y cwrdd, a chyflosol i'n gweithio ar gyfer y cyd-fodol. Yn oedd ychydig yn gweld y cyfrannu. David Arclis, chyflosol i'n gweithio ar gyfer y syniadau, yn y maximaeth y ffordd yw'r prydyniad cymryd a'r ffordd yma i'r gweithio ar gyfer y rhan. Cymru, yn y cwrwp yw'n mynd i'r cyfrifio ar y ffordd, y gallwn i'n gweithio ar gyfer y cyfrifio ar y rhum yn ystod yn ystod yma'r byd. Yn 75 miliwn i'r rhan o'r ysgol yn ymweld ymwyloedd yma ar y cyfrifio, ymweld 200 miliwn i'r rhan o'r ymweld ymweld ymweld, a mae'r gwirionedd yn ysgol, mae'n gweithio'r gweithio sydd yn ei wneud o'r gweithio ar y gweithio yma. Mae'r gweithio yn Yn Yn Yn 17, ac oherwydd ar gyfer y demograffygiad, mae'n 50 miliwn y gweithio. Ond yna, mae'n credu ymdweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio. Ac mae'n gweithio'r gweithio. Mae'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio yn y gyfnodd yng nghymru. Mae'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio ym Mhyselion Chynedd. Gyda'n gwirionedd yn nid o phast o fagol sydd yn cymdeithas mlynedd ym Prifysgol yn Chynydd. Mae'n rhoi'n oddi bod nid o'n gwirionedd ym Myndrwyr, fel rhoi'r Ler heps. Ac mae'n rhoi'r cyfanall yn gweithio'r 5 newydd hefyd am 5 yma nesaf. Mae'n rhoi'n gwneud o hynny. Mae'n bod fi'n ymdweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio, ac mae'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio. I Wild Arab with huge unemployment organizations like Jamaica is Today like education for employment putting young, long term unemployed Arabs into jobs. So, there are some great solutions out there my own industry human resources governing and recruitment. We've made a commitment over the next four years to put 10 million Yng ngwef Ee well into jobs, but, I'm sorry we as an industry just scratching the surface. Somehow we need to break through this issue. Ac rydw i'r cwmhreun o ddiddordeb sydd yn bwysigolio B20— bod hynny'n adod o'r ddiddordeb, o'r ffwrdd, o'r cyfnodau, o'r cyfnodau sydd, o'r ffwrdd, o'r ffwrdd, o'r lliwch, o'r lliwyr. Oni'n ddechrau yma i'r rhan o'r cyfrannu, ond rydw i'n ddiddordeb yma i ddim yn ddiddordeb sgoliaeth. Niig. David, bydd yw'n cymdeithasol, yna sut yw'r cyfnodd, a sut yw'r pethau, y dyfodol, y pethau i'r gweithio i'ch bod yn iawn i'r ddylch i'r cymdeithasol? Mae'r dweud hynny yn ymddangos ar y byd, a mae'r pethau'n gweld yn yr ysgolwyd. yn front of them. However, the political reality of a place like Europe, North America and other places does not really enable the political paradigm to put into action short term implementations of real hard projects that get the job done with some exceptions. As you very well know because I think you just came back from Germany or were looking at that. Organisations and the government are partnering in Germany to do some quite spectacular things on youth employment issues. felly mae'n bwysig fod ymarferio i fynd i gwasanaeth a llwyso'n gwneud i gwaith. Roedd eich bod ni'n dechrau i'r meddwl ar y diwylliannol? Roedd gweld y ffordd o'i gallu bod y ddiweddig i'r holl o'r wasanaethau i gael i gael? Roedd pe brydd o'u meddwl gyda'r wneud i'r sefyd B20 oherwydd mae'n cymdeithasio i ddweud o'r P20, beth oedd chi'n cyhoedd P20 i gael i ddweud i'r hwn. Nid na dwi'n cael mynd i'n a gweld. Iam, David. Iam oherwydd y gallwch. mae'n pi ffwrdd yma. Byddwch, wedi bod nhw, yn y papur sy'n gwirionedd iawn o'r i-bnb o bod yn ymdw i'w pwynt yn ymddi mae'n bobl, fel y gallwn ni'n credu o'r wneud oedd wedi bod i'n falch yn digwyddu. O beth mae'n holleg i brifarwyr ac y gallwn ni'n arli, yma yw Y Get Go. Ffwyrdd Alladine. P Chevyddo sianedwyr, roedd mae yma ymddai'r maen nhw. the metrics you're seeing in the region. A diolch yn ymwneud. Microfone, please. Thank you Nick, and David for setting the scene. I'd like to zoom on the Middle East. If you look here in the Arab world, we have the youngest population in terms of demography. We have 50% of our people are less than 30 years old. So you can see why we are having some unemployment, especially with the youth. Next slide. As you can see, we have very high unemployment already. However, when you look at the youth unemployment, it is much higher. It's 25% of all the youth that are ready for employment are unemployed. And that really is a result of the youth population and many other things that we will talk about. The next one talks about some of the symptoms of why this is happening. Again, in the Arab world and in the Middle East, we have 31% of the people believe that they would like to work for themselves. I mean, this is much higher than Western Europe, much higher than the CEE. And that is really some of the symptoms that are causing some of the issues with unemployment. Obviously, there are many other things. And I have to give you a few things that I call the over 50%. When we looked at the statistics for the Middle East, there are a few things that are over 50%. One of them was that senior management, and this is based on a survey that was done for employees, more than 50% of the people believe that senior management does not easily relate to young employees. 50% of the people don't think that employers are doing enough to really help diversity. And when you think that only 20% of female youth are employed in our region, compared to 42% globally, this is a real problem that needs discussion and needs solution. Again, another 50%, more than 50% of the employed in the Middle East are looking for other jobs. I mean, this is a fascinating and dangerous statistics and information. The lack of skilled national labour force. Again, we face that in most of the GCC countries within the Middle East. I mean, these statistics tell us that there is an issue. There are problems with this thing and I hope we can have discussions at the tables on how do we deal with some of these issues. I mentioned them because they are different than the rest of the world. When we talk about all these 50%, the rest of the world is around 2025, so we are different, we have different symptoms for employment of the youth in the Arab world. Thank you. Thank you for that. And you will be discussing in a moment, but let's underscore the generational element of this. There has been an essay competition, and we have the three winners here. What I would like to introduce you to is their ideas for how to change the mindset. Let's go to Mae Habib first of all, if we can, Mae. I have asked them literally in a minute, I know it is pretty brutal, to summarise what they have said, particularly on the way the mindset can be changed and the paradigm can be changed about how you create work, skills and employment. Thanks Nick. Thanks to the ISD and the essay competition for giving us the opportunity to be part of this conversation. I think this 14%, so that was just up there. 14% of Arab youth actually look at a future job being virtual is amazing. It's double the European number and that shocked me actually just now and that's actually what we wrote about. Allowing young people to find very high quality jobs via web-based and freelance employment online. The word freelance is sometimes used as a derogatory term, but really when an employee overseas brings a collaborative mindset, they become just as crucial to a team as if they worked in the same office. We in our essay talked about how we use shared workspaces, always-on connectivity and how you can very specifically use tools to train for a collaborative mindset in virtual teams as a way for young people to create their own jobs. Certainly in the Arab world we all saw the 31% of people who would like to work for themselves and so those two things together I think can help the region fix this problem. But critical, Mae, to what you identify in your summary of what you've done is the virtual nature of it. The idea is to connect talent wherever it is to opportunities wherever it is. 24-7. Right, thank you for that heads up on your work for Crotoba, founder and chief executive from the UAE. Now let's move on to Vajadar Prabodesi for a minute summary of what you have done as a managing trustee of Lead Cap India. Oh, you're here. You're on a different table. Okay, here we are. I believe that the problem of unemployment is as complex as a problem of poverty. It has different issues and very complex issues in itself. Multiple issues like lack of proper education or an outdated education system, lack of skill development, maybe corruption involved in it. So these are the very complex issues that are involved in unemployment and I believe that addressing one may not really solve the problem of unemployment. We have to address this in one go but there is a lack of problem in terms of addressing this all. So I would really concentrate upon two highlights that I have addressed it is in terms of providing a lack of or improving the outdated education system and as well as matching the demand and supply of talent. So these are the two things that it's really the need of our, we should be focusing on that. In terms of addressing the issues of outdated education system, I have addressed this issue in terms of by providing very skilled development programs in cooperation with industry which is needed up by the talent part of it and in terms of matching the demand and supply part of it, we should create platforms which allows industry to interact with you more often. Thank you and Ravi Subramanian, who is Siemens graduate program member, again one of the winners with this idea and what you're doing at the moment. Hi, so let me give you a statistic. 90% of the workforce in India and sub-saharan Africa is in the informal sector without any employment benefits. They don't have any contract, they can be hired and fired at will. So we need to create employment opportunities for people in the informal sector and how the global community can do that is by creating a common platform for organisations who are working in the sector to collaborate and pool their resources and knowledge. So that, you know, resources can be more efficiently utilized at a global level. Secondly, we need to create common standards for employability. So, you know, to reduce the asymmetry of information between prospective job seekers and prospective employers. Thirdly, it's important to encourage self-employment. So youth who are being skilled also need to be financed to help start up their own enterprise and these are youth who have no resources, they are non-bankable. So it's important to create a fund which would back these youth and later on these youth can of course go to microfinance enterprises as well once they scale up. Thanks very much. So what I'd like you to do now is consider some of these issues and let me give you an idea of what some of you have already put on the table. In fact, we just heard from Vidyda and you can see number 32. What you've suggested is encouraging computer programming, business development that does not require large start-up costs but needs entrepreneurial support. There's a lot which we're beginning to group in terms of skills and entrepreneurship and motivation. That's the kind of language that's beginning to come through including from Table 2 from Jonathan Holstag, there are quite a few emails from you Jonathan about the way you see things developing. I'm just showing you that we're getting a lot of messages from you and people outside to try and create the cloud of concern and areas of focus. Can I ask you for the next 15 minutes to try and focus on your table what can be taken forward and how and then we'll come back in plenary. So can the discussion leaders please lead the discussion and please keep messages coming through. Don't leave it to the end because time will run out. So could one of the global shapers on the table be sending messages and updating us on the kind of thinking that is on your table so we can begin again to group it. Fifty minutes please. Sorry to keep the pressure on you but four minutes please, four minutes. And can you file any ideas digitally as well. One minute please, one minute. If there's anything more you could just put in a one liner digitally that would be helpful. Okay could I encourage you to just cease your discussions. I'm sorry to keep the pressure on you. But what I want to do is try over the next 30 minutes to make sure that we're identifying where the trends are beginning to come from within this room and what we're already seeing is about the confidence of taking risk, that being an issue. The issue of culture, the issue of motivation and also many concerns out there but there are some particular points which I'd just like to highlight for you and number 47 on the tweets. Creating jobs does not mean adding jobs to the already existing. It means creating new fields and equipping youth to fill them. Moving on to 57. I'm sorry I don't know who's in the room and who's not in the room because of the handles or if you can identify yourself as in the room it would be helpful. But I want to just come back to May and if we could get the microphone across. 57, creating virtual offices at home through cloud which helps create jobs in rural areas and increasing opportunities for women and I'd like to open this out for further discussion because that's built on by number 39. Interesting that Arab youth predominantly want to be self-employed and 14% want a virtual job. To me this is a sign of distrust in presumably the current landscape of job creation. Mae, how does that correspond to what you've identified in your company and perhaps others could come in here? 57 was written by Khaled, another global shaper who is in Saudi and I don't think he's in the room but created a platform to create to help Saudi women at home find freelance jobs and it's a great platform. We set out to find the best writers, editors, translators, designers for the content creation that we do and we didn't say that they needed to be women, we didn't say that they needed to be young people but the overwhelming number are young women actually and I think it's a function of highly educated Arab women middle class, lower middle class not necessarily being able to work outside the home not just for cultural reasons, logistics is an issue as well that's something that I've identified in Jordan just getting to your job and so I think the tweets that you saw really point to the fact that virtual employment especially for educated women is something that is badly needed and I don't know of too many platforms that are right now creating those types of jobs. Interesting that Arab youth predominantly want to be self-employed. David, is that the kind of metric that you're seeing? In our work that we do jointly across the whole of the region we're finding people want any job they can find right now but this issue I think is one of the most powerful things in the Middle East and Africa it's the propensity of young people to be interested in and want virtual work and that's going to be hugely impacted by access to technology and access to capital so those are two key issues for expanding out virtual employment throughout the Arab world and Africa. Would anyone like to come in on that? Let's build the discussion please. Microphone here and who else over on table nine please? Table nine. Let's just concentrate just here on table six behind you here. No, table nine and table six. My name is Karim Sabarq from Boozan Company. Go back to the observation and your question about the youth. And virtual unemployment or virtual employment? Unemployment in general. There are single biggest priorities to find employment. When you ask them what is important in your life and we've run that survey across the Gulf cooperation countries finding a job is priority number one. They end up being self-employed out of necessity not out of aspiration and there is a big difference between that because that is today telling us what is driving their motivation. Now we would like them to be self-employed you know as a general guideline but they're not there yet because they're our community, our society is not willing to tolerate the risk that comes with self-employment and with the potential failure. So I think there is a paradigm shift that we need to entertain here. Exactly on self-employment I would say that the key challenge is to get people off the lines for public service employment and into doing their own businesses. And the key challenge here is how do you embed that in among the student body at universities? Today one out of every three people in Jordan is either in school or in university and they will be out there at the end of the day in a few years and no jobs in the public sector that's for sure. This is where internships or bringing business to the university becomes the essential thing because we cannot talk about reforming universities if you really don't bring businesses to the universities. Internships, entrepreneurship programmes, bringing big business to work with faculties at universities is key and essential here. Let me just ask you to keep focusing and David says this is a very important point of forward you might want to come in as well. The issue of how you create virtual employment, virtual skills, whether that's critical or not I put it up for discussion, I'm not giving you an idea of the way you should decide. Who's got the microphone next? Hello my name is Saad Khan. Real quick, I think I have two examples of companies that I'm involved with that are actually doing this. So one is a company, it's actually a non-profit called Samasource who connects US based jobs and work at Facebook and LinkedIn and Yahoo and Google etc. with youth and folks who are actually fulfilling it all over the world from Northern Pakistan which is where I'm from in Africa in the Middle East. It's actually a really interesting model, kind of leverages the mechanical Turk side of it. The other is a company called LiveOps which again operates only in the US but it's an interesting one to look at. It's a distributed workforce, it's actually a distributed call centre. So every time a call comes in it actually gets routed to usually a mom who's sitting in Iowa or in Wisconsin who then is the perfect person to actually do the sales job for that particular type. So it could be a pizza call, someone delivering a pizza but the person who's actually taking it is not in the pizza store itself. They just happen to be really good at upselling pizza toppings where it's all the margin in the businesses. So it's actually a really interesting way to think about this and it works very well. This is north of a $100 million business and it actually employs over 30,000 people in just one distributed model. Who's got the microphone next please? I think the 14% on virtual jobs in North Africa, the Middle East is probably not feasible in my view in the short term. But I think using the virtual media for other things, vocational training and indeed training and education virtually has a huge potential which is not at all being explored. One of the issues we have in the Manner region right now and it's been building up over the past 20 years is the quality of education which has been plummeting and that is something that can be addressed virtually. But we have to see where this economy is on the value added chain in order to propose that 14% of jobs in the near future would be able to come virtually, you would have to establish where they are on the value added chain and on average I believe North Africa certainly is not there. Right, Cornelia? This applies to both virtual and non-virtual jobs. I think one of the problems we have in the region is that everybody wants to go to university and not for every job do you need to go to university. It's actually economically quite expensive and we need to create a change in attitude so people do apprenticeships, people can get skilled up for jobs that they really need to do. That goes for virtual jobs, it goes for real jobs but it also comes with an attitudinal change not so that you can't find a wife if you happen to be a plumber because we also need plumbers. The other one is we want entrepreneurs and that goes again for virtual and non-virtual jobs. We need enabling frameworks, we need the right laws, it needs to be easier to create a company. We need bankruptcy laws in the region so you can also fail and another thing we need are centres where you can help, be it virtual, they could be virtual actually, there are centres where you can help young entrepreneurs with accounting issues, with legal issues and that would be a great thing to do virtually. Mohamed Elisaf is from the American University in Cairo. The 14% I see it as a sign of the problem rather than an objective by itself and the problem be it the complete collapse of the social contract either with the public institutions being able to provide jobs or with the private institutions that are seeing more as predatory and part of the problem rather than the solution and monopolistic. In a study that I conducted in Jordan 66% of the youth said they are more likely to trust the person over an institution be it private or public, 8% and 5% respectively and of these 66% that are more likely to trust people only 22% of them said people are trustworthy. There is a complete collapse of a trust culture in the Arab world taking place now as seen by the recent events. So to me I see it as a manifestation of the problem that exists rather than an objective by itself. David Ignatius from the Washington Post. In periods of high public unemployment rising unemployment among youth historically there's been pressure especially in this part of the world for government sector job programs and so it's been the case in so many countries Egypt go through the list that these pressures have created massive public bureaucracies and jobs that take a generation to unwind because they weren't well created in the first place. It would be so much better in this jobs crisis to think about creating access to capital to think about creating ways that smart people with good ideas can create companies, can create wealth and just embarking on a different trajectory from the one that we remember in the state sector, state organized solution to job problems. David before you give up the microphone you've tweeted business needs more confidence but for confidence business needs to see job growth. Well you know I had another part of that tweet that was over 140 characters which was plus a change plus a canes. There is a basic, you know in the United States today in this part of the world there is a business confidence animal spirits problem and winter business is going to get more confident and create the pathways to job creation for young people well they'll get more confident when they see that the economy is growing and has greater demand and well how are you going to get the job growth if they're not investing. There is a problem well known to economists I think the answer is basically the same in light and government policies I just would underline that in light and government policy in this case seems to me to push towards creating access to capital not state bureaucratic jobs. Thank you. I'm Robert Lawrence from Harvard University I just want us to think a little more about virtual jobs because I think what people want isn't just a job a lot of people particularly the youth want a career rather than a job and if you start to think about a career a career actually often involves you learning from others interacting with others working as part of a team as opposed to simply having a job so I'd just like to put this on the table I think for some people virtual jobs are terrific giving them the opportunities to work from home have more flex time and so on but I think for a lot of our youth the real challenge is giving them careers Let me just pick up on that because I have read Mae's paper and Mae can I come back to you please because what you're saying is that people are making a career out of having a virtual skill even though perhaps they didn't two or three years ago think that would even offer a hope of that can I just check with you I mean you need to read the paper I have to say I'm just summarizing it probably rather inadequately but you're saying that there's an enormous explosion of potential in this virtual environment it does become a career I'm glad you brought that up because there's kind of a side Twitter conversation going on about how you help young people find their passion because that's the first step because once they have a passion then they build a career then they find their job but it starts with helping them figure out what they want to do But just to pick up that point can you make a career out of virtual employment? It's about online and offline it's about learning how to learn in a virtual environment We have developers in Egypt, Lebanon and Syria and we've skyped four or five times just in the last 12 hours so it's not about having to be in the same place and I actually think we're more efficient not being in the same place Just let me get a reality check here if I may David and Fwyd, is this on the agenda of the Global Agenda Council or not? Is this a good avenue to pursue over the next 15 minutes? Yes and yes Thank you Fwyd, do you want to add something here? A microphone please for Fwyd on virtual Yes, I mean for sure especially in the Arab world where in certain countries women have difficulty working or finding jobs virtual jobs become the only solution and that's I think why youth female were the most participants in this I'd like to go back to the first recommendation of the B20 which said build infrastructure and that is extremely important because yesterday we had a session on infrastructure and basically one of the recommendation was build infrastructure but make sure that that infrastructure does use local content and does use local labour and create jobs in the countries where it is being done Thank you All right but can I still push this virtual frenzied? Thank you I'm Florence Eid from Arabian Monitor I think some brilliant ideas have been brought up and I completely agree Nick that virtual employment is an opportunity in our Arab world today in particular in the part of the Arab world where women aren't completely free to go out and work in public spaces and I'd like to speak about our region for a moment some of the issues we're discussing this morning are ones we have been talking about on the economist for, as you said Nick about 12 years now since the first Arab world report came out that signaled that there was an unemployment time bomb that was ticking I disagree with you on one point I think the bomb has gone off it's not ticking anymore this bomb has gone off because the bomb has gone off through what we're looking at and calling the Arab Spring there are opportunities today is to try to distinguish between what is logical and important to do and what's being discussed and has been discussed for many years and where the opportunity lies today Governments have been jolted into action and the private sector is willing and young people as we heard from the CEO of Cordoba know exactly what is required and what I would like to see us zero in on here is what's different today and where are the opportunities immediately implementable over the next couple of years as we take advantage of this momentum that's been created for the first time in 12 years Thanks Florence move the microphone forward at the back please have you got a microphone on table nine please table nine table nine alright well you can come first then table nine we'll get the microphone please Karim Salah Gulf capital there was an interesting tweet that the first job is always the hardest job how can we convince employers to take a chance on the young new job seekers essentially and maybe the government has a role there in sense maybe they can provide training subsidies tax subsidies or they can provide the wage subsidies there's an interesting experiment in the UEE where the government is willing to work with employer and split the first year's wages with the employer until the employee gets productive so it's a way to encourage employers to take a chance on new job seekers essentially Thank you let me keep pushing the idea of virtual employment or virtual retention or virtual occupation on table nine do you have the microphone now yeah I actually have a point on access to capital to create an entrepreneurial ecosystem which is creating jobs you absolutely need capital and one of the issues in this region in many of the countries around the world is that the capitalists is in small groups of families and hasn't been what I call democratised to a broader set of people who need to do the investments because this has been the way business have been created historically so we need to train people how to do angel network venture capital we need to build the skill sets into that so I think if government and the partner with the private sector can do more to train existing capital holders how to spread that wealth out further to invest in small businesses I think that will be very effective and I'm with the department of state the US government we have programmes to train people how to do angel networks and such to democratising capital and while you've got the microphone the link into virtual work as well can you make that link given that capital is needed in fact one thing we're doing is we've got a mentoring network that's virtual as a platform to link existing entrepreneurs and investors with people with entrepreneurs locally so that they can get that access to capital thank you can you pass the microphone back please thank you my name is Senim Eddi work for SAP software company so virtual is real 14% is only a tip of the iceberg this is going to grow much bigger do you have a metric do you have an idea of the scale that you can see coming of course as I say I have a hammer so everything looks like a nail we're in the software business we create jobs every day and through our ecosystem of partners and there is a multiplier effect every knowledge job that is created can create up to five others in the market but look what's happening here in this forum the tweets are taking over no they're not we're in control you may feel overwhelmed I'm not I'm not at all but look what it's done to stimulate the debate which is important which is fantastic and I embrace this and I think this is the element of change that is needed if only a forum can be created where all the stakeholders can meet we all know who are the stakeholders this has been discussed for the last ten years and we know exactly what the solutions are but the problem is to find the right forum where everybody meets and innovates and what I'm suggesting is is a platform that is technology driven an organically grown platform forum where everybody meets and innovates if the tweets are in control I'm making sure that you're aware of them and you can make that kind of contribution let me go right to the back please no one moment please the lady at the back yeah I'm Zeynep I'm a shaper as well so I'm gonna completely echo what Mae has been saying virtual offices and virtual career absolutely I'll give you two stories I'm working with people living in India and they don't have to come to my office and I'm serving an entire country in Turkey with lots of different clients I was just talking to a headhunter friend of mine this new graduate of a university who's serving 200 different companies as their social media expert now did we have social media experts before? no so virtual offices and virtual careers absolutely and this is moving at extreme velocity so that's gonna happen before we even decide if it's gonna happen are we though on the cutting edge in the reflection of what we're saying this morning are we reflecting that very high velocity which is happening out there or not? reflecting in our discussions adequately are we engaged do we understand this sitting in this room the speed of what is happening out there I don't think so because this comes a lot from the youth as well so the university students and what they want to do virtual careers I think maybe we need to try to understand the youth better and the idea of virtual headhunting is that an important area for somehow pooling skills, capabilities and availability yes, I sit in my office in Istanbul and I send out requests across China, India, Turkey and whoever is giving me the best services I go with them and obviously their career as to what they have been doing so far is very important all right, one of the other things coming through here in the last seven or eight minutes is motivation let's try and morph the two together you have the microphone and we'll get one here as well one last thing on the virtual careers and jobs I would say can you talk about a virtual career or not? yes, definitely and the reason I'm talking that is today technology enabling that to happen if you look at comparison with what's happening in today's world even within organisations remote working and the services industry has proven this remote working is a reality and hundreds and millions of jobs are created where people work out of remote locations and technology is enabling that not only in terms of ID services, even in terms of R&D which is happening with remote connectivity so virtual jobs are real, careers are real and organisations are actually making this work and it is not necessarily when we talk about virtual working it's working from home so that's the point I want to make thank you, please okay, Sapea Kelmanidus with Ernstyn Young last week we had internal meeting and we were trying to understand a little bit more about what motivates our young executives what triggers off them wanting to succeed and there was study done by a group of young executives we think our future partners and what came out of that was that they are totally different as what they expect out of a career meaning that working long hours or being travelling away from their families is something that really triggered them wanting to stay in a profession so that, I think the aspect that was being discussed before understanding what you really want from a career is very important and what they understand is appearing to be different from what our generation actually expected from a career just before I go on to three or four others who want to intervene Jody, can you just give us a reflection are we being bold enough as you sit there we've got about eight or nine minutes to run can you get a microphone, microphone to table ten please well, I think we're being bold enough but I do have a few reality check thoughts on this yes please quickly and on the others virtual clearly addresses a lot addresses mobility, addresses access to work we've heard one reality check about careers I actually don't think we could possibly know enough given how long there's been virtual work about what will happen on careers we have to address that another reality check that we had at our table with virtual is social protection that was related to the informal economy but we have to worry about this interestingly it was raised by somebody from health age these youth one day will need pensions they will retire so thinking about that third reality check we heard a mention of education on these virtual jobs they need basic skills we've got so many schools where teachers don't show up where teachers show up maybe two out of three days where there are 100 to the classroom where there are no books those are not going to be the people going online so that's a piece last thought are we being radical enough we've worried about one population but we have to worry about the other populations who are not in work women are out of work at this age at much higher rates the disabled broadly speaking any kind of difference out of work 80-90% in some countries and a quick question of course are enough of those who are vulnerable connected in this new virtual environment do they have the bandwidth Jamie McAuliffe I also wanted to put a little bit of a damper on the virtual jobs most of the young people we work with I'm with education for employment don't have access to the internet so they are most concerned with just getting connected to that first job with the right skills and we really have to still make sure that we're focused some of our efforts on that so I love the way you're pushing the virtual jobs as one new direction but let's not forget that there are a vast majority of young people who are just trying to get connected to that first job and we need to help them do that secondly I wanted to come back to your first point Nick we've been working at this for many years as other organizations have been and this is now my third weft where we've talked about new ideas new policies and there are actually a lot of things that are working on the ground that we haven't figured out a way to scale up and I would mention this as well we need real active measurable projects that can be scaled up and there are people and partners willing to do this we need that we could borrow from the health sector we need you know like the global alliance for improved nutrition trying to affect the lives of a billion people a multi-sectoral multi hundreds of millions of dollars from multilaterals, businesses putting together the money and the resources with shared objectives to affect the lives of millions if not billions of people there is some effort like this for youth employment it's that big a challenge and I'm not seeing any traction for that kind of a global youth employment fund that would be driven I think mostly by the private sector but would need to be established soon to address this problem but let me put to you you say maybe a lot of people are not connected at the moment but should it be a planning ambition given the speed at which we've had underlined right from table 10 there about the speed of change this enormous velocity that actually has to be on the planning matrix because it's going to happen sooner than most people expect even in the countries which currently are not well connected I think we've got to move from the reports to a very concrete mechanism that's global in nature and is really a platform for partners multilaterals, businesses and non-profit implementing partners like us to really address this problem at scale the great thing is a lot of the discussion is reflecting the notes that are coming through and I'm not going to go through the tweets because you're all saying it in person here keep going okay, Shefnam Kallimniolskan Coach University and Harvard University I would like to provide two links one on access to capital and virtual jobs and motivation and virtual jobs on access to capital and virtual jobs so I work on a project founded by Bill Gates and Melinda Gates Foundation about misallocation of capital in Africa and our task is to interview firms young firms, older firms multinational firms, local firms and try to understand why they are not hiring young people and one topic came across is this whole virtual arena and there what is important is they cannot get financing to start the business it is very small money that we are talking about and they can organize but they just can't go and get financing from the banks because they don't have collateral so here I think the link between the access to finance access to capital and virtual jobs is also important, it's government and institutions because if the proper rights and institutions are not defined they won't be able to access it can I go to table 11 please Roy Jacobs, you've just made a rather important comment here about introducing a Facebook driven internship program in your experience particularly when it comes to the virtual environment tell us what you do and just summarize very quickly please in our search for good interns what do you do please so we posted on Facebook what do you do? I'm from Philips, CEO Philips in Middle East Turkey and in our search for interns so we changed our strategy to move to a digital approach in combination which is still going on to universities but most important is the dialogue actually that triggers whilst we are ongoing so we have now 20 interns through the new program but most of the best learnings that we get is also the ongoing dialogue online on Facebook with the new generation about potential issues that they have return on or feedback on our brand but also what we can do to engage them in our work and quickly what conclusion are you with drawing from this change to the landscape? that actually this is the way for us moving forward so it has been a very successful proven we are going to expand it also going more digital in other recruitment areas so I think it's kind of adding to the virtual dialogue that this is a new way in where you go where in my view the most important is where the community is where they have their dialogues and then when you engage with them you can get them on board All right, we have five minutes to run sadly but I knew this was going to be a problem we just take getting to lift off stage here Fuad, your reflections on this discussion David as well please Thanks Nick, I think the I would like to link the recommendations of the B20 again back to infrastructure that governments should not only focus on hard and economic infrastructure should also focus on the soft infrastructure you know the infrastructure that's consistent with the discussion here I mean if we are going to push virtual jobs and virtual communication we need to have the infrastructure that allows this to happen in a very rapid and efficient matter too Thank you, David I put the five points from the B20 Task Force up behind you there's nothing about virtual there have we just focused on one issue which became quite sort of fashionable in the last 40 minutes or is it actually something rather important? I think the conversation here today has been the most pragmatic I've heard at any of these sessions for 10 years the practical examples that have come out of today should be taken forward this is the basis of a world of work marshal plan we need this fleshing out the detail putting in as Jamie says the real examples from on the ground built in, proliferated and sent out there virtually so that we develop the virtual world of work for young people and the practical and physical world of work for young people this needs fleshing out these ideas need to be pumped in to the B20 process today is it about politicians or is it about enterprises is it top down or bottom up? in the absence of speed of implementation from the political environment let's just get on with the job that doesn't quite answer the question though is this for politicians or is it for others? this is for politicians, for top business leaders and for people that are shaping the agenda of the economic world we need to get it to everyone I hope this is on the agenda of the plener as well tomorrow Wilmot, you've been sitting patiently I've tried to summarise it obviously with the virtual element but what's your reflection of what you've heard? I think I'll start with the tweet which I think speaks to a lot of discussion so far I'm from Said and it is future of work will be a portfolio of personalized work not full time employment so I think the discussion has focused on virtual jobs versus traditional jobs and what we've said is regardless of the type of job what's important is education and training access to finance and the role of government in stimulating the economy as well as providing incentives for the private sector to actually advance as well as more I think as importantly providing hope for young people again and I think that we've heard from the Essay Contest winners today about their ideas and the whole notion of virtual jobs Nick I think also speaks to the fact that there is a lack of trust in the ability of the private sector and government to actually provide those jobs and so I think an important notion also which was tweeted was it's really important to have the first job and enabling young people to begin working to begin to develop their self-esteem and to feel like they are an integral part of human society and I think is a really great challenge and I'd like to share one example which we sort of alluded to which is working and that is employees taking the responsibility with where you are now to actually seek to employ youth and one initiative of the Global Gender Council at the World Economic Forum was actually called 10 Youth which did just that we challenged a thousand companies to hire 10 youth and so as we move forward Nick it's important to understand that the reality of the situation is that we also exist in an economic context in which economies are struggling and so I think an implied question is how important is the private sector and government willing to make youth employment in light of the other priorities which are stressing economies all over the world at this time. Wilmot thank you very much indeed I'm sorry to have to bring this to a close and what I'd like to reflect to you is I think I can still feel the health on this and that's really summarised by Tweet 105 from May sitting still on table one quote discussion wrapping up too fast radical ideas for Arab world increased web content on skills in Arabic language Mae thanks for that because I think it does underline and it's great to have the global shapers here it does underline how the traditional thinking is maybe should be challenged much more sharply by those who actually are at the heart of the problem but also providing new solutions particularly in this virtual space that we've discussed for the last half hour I apologise it's short but the brevity meant that you were even more focused than you might have been so it's great and next time we will try and make it longer remember what David said it's probably been the most pragmatic session he's been to in the last 10 years so hopefully that spirit can continue in the next two days thanks to you all for coming