 فشرف بل اشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دادا دالا وياله من شراف عظيمي so he's missing that so he's criticized because of his عدالة that is missing ومن خرج عن حد العدالة anyone who leaves the Rome of عدالة he leaves it لا يعتمد على صدق his truthfulness is not relied on you see وان صدق في شيء بعينه في حالة من الأحوال even if he tells a truth in a particular scenario or a particular matter إلا أن يظهر عليه ضد الجر حتى يكون أكثر أحوالي طاعة الله unless it becomes clear the opposite to the criticism which is what أن يكون that he is أكثر أحوالي بأن the majority of the situations are the obedience of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلمة فعيني يحتج بخبري so he does fist but the majority of the times he is doing what he is on point he is ta'aiz more فعيني إذن يحتج بخبري his khabar is then relied upon فأما قبل ذهوري ذلك عنه as for before that becomes clear which is that he is away from fist فلا أعلم نمبا 6 from the criticism that I put in the narrator إما حجر say الوهم الوهم الوهم وهم means what وهم is تخيلة is to be to see something different to what it is the way you think are and what would it be in English to hallucinate something is to see something in a particular way is to see something in a particular way إستلاحا that's what it means linguistically إستلاحا it means هو رواية الحديثي it is narrating a hadith على سبيل التواهم to narrate a hadith in a way and a form of التواهم by believing that this is what it is but then hallucinating in it بناعا على طروف المجروح المقابل للظن عبد الرحمن بن مهدي رحمه الله he said الناس ثلاثة the people are three types رجل حافظ متقن a person is a half his memory is on point serious فهذا لا يختلف فيه that one there is no dispute to take in his narration on point حافظ he is a half he is a متقن وآخر another one يه مو he does wehem sometimes والغالب على حديث صحر but the majority of his narration is authenticity فهذا لا يترك حديث this one his narrations are not left he does wehem sometimes but the majority of times he is on point he comes with authentic narrations this one his narrations are not left وآخر the other one يه مو والغالب على حديث الوهem he does wehem and the majority of the times he is wehem the majority of the times فهذا يترك حديث this one his narrations are left his narrations are left خطيب البغداد he mentions that in his كتاب الكفاية and also Trimidi mentions it and the Trimidi mentions it in his عيلل he mentions that in his العيلل the wehem means a person a hallucinate in something he sees it in a way number 7 which are the criticisms that are put to the narrator which is مخالفة الثقات مخالفة الثقات مخالفة الثقات means that the person he opposes the the thقات the reliable people what does he do he opposes the thقات he opposes the thقات are 5 types the مخالفة الثقات are 5 types the opposing of the thقات are 5 types one is what is مدرج مقلوب المزيد في متصل الأسانيد مبضريب ومصحف those 5 are what they are the 5 types which the مخالفة الثقات it falls on the مخالفة الثقات the first one is called مدرج the second one is called المقلوب the third one is called المزيد المزيد في متصل الأسانيد المزيد في متصل الأسانيد so the first one is المدرج the second one is المقلوب the third one is المزيد في متصل الأسانيد the fourth one is المضريب المبضريبو المبضريبو والفت which is the last one is called المصحفو the last one is called the fifth one is called المصحفو and insha'Allah we're going to come to each one of them in details this one is also a what is also a it's a criticism that goes towards the narrator and this goes towards his his memory it's one of the ones that we mentioned regarding his memory what does it mean it means he goes against there's a مخالفة to ثقات he's opposing the ثقات he opposes the ثقات and the way he opposes the ثقات is in those five ways that we mentioned either it's مدرج or it's مقلوب or المصحف those five ways is how it happens and if a narrator is known he he is known to what oppose a lot it's a criticism that's brought to him if he's opposing the ثقات the scholars who are reliable ثقات brothers I've always said to you guys it's مجمع بين صفتي it's a person who combines between the two characteristics عدالة and ثقات that person is called the ثقات ثقات is a person who's dubbed and his عدالة both of them are on point that person is called the ثقات he opposes them anyone who opposes a ثقات there is the ثقات the ثقات he opposes them he's not a ثقات now why? because he's dubbed his memory is now missing his memory is missing if if he's a person who's a ثق himself are you with me? and he's opposing other ثقات then what happens? what's going to be said to his حديث شاد he's a ثقات he opposes other ثقات his حديث is called شاد if he is weak and he opposes it's called منكر ومن يوافي غالب فطابط فطابط او نادر فمخطي so the opposition and don't worry all those 5 that I mentioned we're going to come to them all of them are going to take them the 8th one is which is the criticism of the narrator is الجهالة جهالة means what the narrator is not known جهل he is he is he is unknown he is anonymous جهالة we all know what the جهل and جهالة is the opposite of نقيض العلم is the opposite to knowledge is the opposite to knowledge جهل is the opposite to knowledge الجهل على ثلاثة أضربين ignorance is of how many types 3 the first one is خلو نفسي من العلم that the person the absence of knowledge in the individual and that's the original meaning of the word جهل ignorance it's the knowledge is absent from this person the second one is اعتقاد الشي it is to believe something على خلاف ما هو علي opposite to the reality of it which is the first one they normally call it جهل بسط and the second one they call it جهل مرقب the first one is he doesn't know anything you ask him what is a حافظ مثلاً and he says to لأدري this is جهل بسط the second one you say to your brother what's حافظ and he says to you it's a milk it's the name of a milk that's bought from Tesco مثلاً he says that's جهل مرقب because why? he believes it's to mean something opposite to what it really is you with me? the third time is what فعل الشي it is to do something بخلاف ما حقوا أن يفعل is to do something opposite to the way it's a disaster for it to be really done it's for you to do something opposite to the way it should be really done are you all with me? and that's the one Allah used in the Quran إنما توبة على الله للذين يعملون إنما توبة على الله للذين يعملون السؤى بجاهالة الله تكتب he says that the people who do the sin who repent الله says إنما توبة the repentance is for who للذين الذين يعملون السؤى the ones who do the sin بجاهالة with ignorance now you would think to yourself what about if the person knew that the sin was haram and he did it? is that I am not allowing him in it? we will say no the جهل here is referring to anyone who does an action opposite to how it should if he does an action opposite to the way it should have been done then this person جهل is something that's given to him regardless of whether he knows it or not okay the scholars of hadith the scholars of hadith they they consider a جهالة الراوي a narrator to be jahil it's a person they say ملا يعرف في تعديل ولا تجريح it's any person who criticism and praise is not known of him that person is called جهالة unknown criticism on him is not known and praise is not known on him specifically that person in their eyes is called جهالة unknown he is what? unknown الخطيب البغدادي he said خطيب البغدادي he said من لم يشتهر it's anyone who is not famous for what بطالب العلمي anyone who is not famous for seeking knowledge he is not famous for it في نفسي in himself ولا عرفه العلمائبي and the scholars don't know that for him ملا يعرف ولم يعرف حديثه and his narrations are not known إلا من جهة راوين واحد except from one particular narrator his narrations only come to us from one narrator so that person is a unknown ابن الصلاح رفوت الخطيب البغدادي on that definition and what did he say he said he said بخاري he narrated in his صحيح a group of people who don't have except one narrator who don't have except what one narrator who brought like sorry إمام البخاري narrated in his book a people who we don't know the narration except through one person so from for example مردس الأسلمي nobody narrated from him he narrated from him except قيس ابن أبي حازي من so he said أسمع مسلم same is who إمام مسلم ربيعت ابن كعب الأسلمي nobody narrated from him except who أبي سلامة ابن عبد الرحمن so that is نووي answered for who خطيب البغدادي إمام النووي came نووي gave an answer on behalf of خطيب البغدادي and answered to who إبن صلاح و الصوابو نقلو الخطيب خطيب his transmission is correct he's not wrong ولا يسحو الرد عليه and it's not correct to refute him in this matter with who with مردس الربيعة it's not correct to refute him with مردس الربيعة why because those two are two companions مردس is a companion الربيعة is a companion مشهوراني هو famous والصحابة كلهم عدول and the companions all of them are reliable whether the narration comes from one person or two people فلا يحتاج إلى رفع الجهالة عن بيتعدد الروات الصحابة doesn't need a number of people to uplift from him the the the unknownness of him what is it required as for other than a companion for him to be for him to leave the realm of being a he needs more than one person to narrate from him two or more who any two now those scholars who are known for their knowledge has to two or more than you've left the realm of you're known now you are you're unknown أقسام المشهول before I go into that خطيب البغدادي didn't narrate from يحي ابن معين and that he said إذا روا عن المحدث if a narrator before I go into that another time خطيب البغدادي narrated that يحي ابن معين said he said إذا روا عن المحدث if narrate from a محدث رجلاني two men ارتفع عنه اسمه جهالة the name جهالة will be uplifted from him but قد ترتفع this is the speech of who يحي ابن معين but sometimes one person narrating from him جهالة can be removed from him إذا كان من النقادي that is if the person who narrated from him is a person who is a nak who narrates from him is a person who narrates from him is a person who narrates from him is a person who is a nak nak is a person who is known for this field who is strong in this field الذين لا يرغونه those who are who don't narrate except from who إلا عن الثقات who don't narrate except from people who are such as who Imam Malik and other than them too they narrate from a person by themselves they can take him out of the room of جهالة that's what يحي ابن معين ابن حجر أصد because if you go to the the biography of ابن حجر رحم الله ابن حجر رحم الله he said in his he said ابن حذاء about he said he is one of the men who narrate from him this man knowing him he sufficed us the fact that Imam Malik narrated from him that's how we know he is not a mature anymore he left the Rome of Binay in the Rome of جهالة how many types of جهالة are there يختلف يختلف البجاهيل في قوة الجهالة وبع فيها the جهالة it differs in terms of its strength in terms of its strength in terms of its weakness and because of that because of its strength and its power the scholars they divided the جهالة into three types they divided how much three types because of how it's the strength of it they are not all the same level some are very strong جهالة some are very normal the first type is called مجهول ذات مجهول ذات means what it is the narrator الذي لم يصرح باسمه who has not put down it's the narrator who hasn't mentioned his name he didn't mention his name او بما يدلو عليه or anything that indicates his name so we don't even have his name so not even his name is known that one sometimes the scholars don't call it جهالة they call it مبهم مبهم is unknown جاء رجلون الى رسول الله ايمان came to the messenger but the sahabas don't harm us because the sahabas the fact that the sahabas are not known is not going to harm us correct what are the causes that bring جهالة ذات what causes it two reasons عدم تصريح باسم الرعوي the first one is the fact that the name of the narrator is not written that's one cause the second one is the narrator has a a nickname and so people start not knowing his name he becomes very famous for something he does a profession that he does