 It is very important that we find a synergy between policymakers, the academia and of course the private sector or the industries so that the research will leave the shelf to the marketplace to the end users who need it. The effective solutions require strong commitment from universities all over the world. It requires partnerships, global connectivity between universities, between academia but also outside academia with other sectors. The advocacy side of us as academics should begin to become more prominent. We have to continue to do this not just with our governments but also with our philanthropists and with our industries. Governments are usually a bit slow in those regard but at least if they see the partnerships that we have with industries yielding fruits that's the only way we're going to get them to fund research the more. African universities what we need to do now in order to be more effective in what we are doing is to increase our capacity for research, to increase the effectiveness and the impact of the research that we do and how can this capacity be built? How can for example the EU and our sister universities in Europe be engaged with us in this? I think the building that capacity can include the research management training and the putting more emphasis on higher education.