 A professional degree, formerly known in the U.S. as a first professional degree, is a degree that prepares someone to work in a particular profession, often needing the academic requirements for licensure or accreditation. Professional degrees may be either graduate or undergraduate entry, depending on the profession concerned and the country, and may be classified as bachelor's, master's or doctoral degrees. For a variety of reasons, professional degrees may bear the name of a different level of qualification from their classification in qualifications frameworks, e.g. some U.K. professional degrees are named bachelor's but are at master's level, while some Australian and Canadian professional degrees have the name doctor but are classified as master's or bachelor's degrees. The first doctorates were awarded in the mid-12th century to recognize teachers doctors in medieval universities, either in civil law at the University of Bologna or in theology at the University of Paris. These were followed shortly afterwards by doctorates in canon law, and then in the 13th century by doctorates in medicine, grammar, logic and philosophy. These medieval doctorates remained, however, essentially teaching qualifications, with their major importance being the iusubi equado senti, the right to teach anywhere.