 Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Ayes Academy for the date 10th of August 2020. The list of news articles taken up for today's analysis is given here for your reference. Let us now begin our analysis. This editorial talks about the relationship between India and US since India's independence. This editorial will give you a very brief idea about the events surrounding India-US relationship. So let us look at the events now and we shall also see the recommendations given by the author of this editorial on how to improve India's relationship with US. The relevant syllabus is given here for your reference. First let us discuss on India-US ties. We can say that from the period 1947 to 1971 was a period of both harmony as well as discord in US-India relations that is both friendly and unfriendly. First the author starts this editorial by telling about the support given by US for India's independence. Then in 1950 another event marked the friendship of US and India. It is that the US had plans to remove China as a permanent member at the United Nations Security Council and put India in its place. But if you see this offer was reportedly refused by the then Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru by telling that India is not going to have the seat at the cost of China because if you see there were some domestic issues happening in China. Then in 1953 during the Cold War US felt that India was moving more towards Soviet Union and China especially in the Korean War. So this made US to turn to Pakistan for support. In this regard the author tells that United States made Pakistan a member of Seattle that is Southeast Asia Treaty Organization and also a member of Cento that is Central Treaty Organization and it liberally gave aid and amendments to Pakistan and Pakistan used all these against India in the subsequent wars with India. Also it was with US support that Pakistan could raise the Kashmir issue at the United Nations Security Council. Next in 1961 the non-alignment movement came into force. If you remember we have discussed about this non-alignment movement in our 24th July the Hindu News Analysis. So by this non-alignment movement coming into force India formally proclaimed neutrality in the developing Cold War between US and Russia and this slowly damaged the US-India relations throughout the Cold War. But if you see still it was not the end of the ties between India and US because if you see in 1962 the United States helped India to establish one of the first Indian Institute of Technology that is IIT at Kanpur and then if you see in 1962 Indochina War US supported India in the conflict recognizing McMohen Line as the border. So not only in the strategic front and even in the social infrastructure front US also helped India in terms of agriculture which resulted in the Green Revolution in India and we know how this green revolution transformed India from a food scarce country to a self-sufficient country within a decade. So you can see that US helped India but the support of US to India was not consistent throughout this period. Why because if you see 1971 war between India and Pakistan the United States supported Pakistan. Here US was not happy with India when India signed a 20 year treaty of friendship and cooperation with the Soviet Union. This is because United States thought that India deviated sharply from its previous position of non-alignment in the Cold War. Also if you see by 1970s US supported China's membership again in the United Nations Security Council and it also entered into a strategic partnership with China. All this happened when there was a change in the leadership in China which was favorable for the United States. The author also talks about how China then betrayed India despite India's supports to China by not willing to take that permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council as we saw earlier. Now the period from 1974 till 2001 was not favorable for India US ties. Why because we know that in 1974 India detonated its first nuclear device and India became the first nation outside the five permanent members of United Nations Security Council to have declared nuclear capabilities. So this further pushed US away from India and if you see in 1978 US ended all nuclear assistance to India when India refused to allow inspections of all its nuclear facilities by the International Atomic Energy Agency. And amidst all these issues between India and US India faced the worst economic crisis in 1991. At that time if you see India forced United States to recommend the International Monetary Fund that is IMF to provide loans for India and in return if you see India gave permission to refuel the United States Air Force planes during the first Gulf War when Iraq occupied Kuwait. Then if you see in 1998 when India again tested its nuclear devices US again imposed economic sanctions on India. But shortly in 2000 the then United States President Bill Clinton made the first US presidential trip to India since 1978. And this initiated the phase of friendship between India and US. This trip indicated the shift of US's regional orientation away from Pakistan to India. Now in 2001 when US lifted the sanctions that was imposed on India after the 1998 nuclear test it was evident that US was leaning more towards India. And if you see in 2005 series of agreements like the energy security dialogue then a new framework for the defense relationship then the civil nuclear cooperation initiative were all started. And under the civil nuclear cooperation initiative India agreed to separate its civil and military nuclear facilities and place all its civil resources under the safeguards of International Atomic Energy Agency. Then if you see in 2008 the nuclear suppliers group allowed an exemption to its rules to permit India to engage in nuclear trade for the first time in three decades. Then if you see in 2014 there was an MOU between the export import bank and an Indian energy agency which supported India to develop low carbon energy alternatives. And this was also like in a way to aid US renewable energy exports to India. Then if you see in 2016 the United States elevated India to its major defense partner. And there was a series of agreements following this announcement. In 2018 during a 2 plus 2 dialogue between the India and US the communications compatibility and security agreement that is Comcast was signed. Then if you see in 2019 very recently both sides also signed an industrial security agreement that allows the transfer of defense technology. If you see this industry security agreement or the industrial security annex is a part of the general security of military information agreement between India and USA. If you see there are four foundational defense agreements which USA usually has with its partners. JSOMIA then LEMO that is Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement. Then Comcast that is Communications Compatibility and Security Agreement and finally BECA which is the Basic Exchange and Cooperation Agreement for Geospatial Cooperation. Now India and US has signed the first three agreements and the fourth agreement BECA is yet to be signed. So in 2019 this industrial security annex was a part of this JSOMIA agreement. So you can see that at present the ties between India and US is really good. In this juncture the author tells that the success of the future bonding between India and US will depend based on the outcome of the US presidential elections that is to happen this November. He tells that the left wing and the liberals in the United States politics are highly critical of Indian government. Why because if you see India's plan to purchase the S-400 air defense missile system from Russia and also if you see India refused America's request to send Indian troops to Afghanistan. So all these have angered the United States officials despite the good relations between India and US. So this is in brief about the history of India-US ties that you can get to know from this editorial. Now let us come to the second part of the editorial where the author gives the recommendations to improve the present India-US ties. The author tells that India should understand that the relations between India and US require certain given take on both the sides. So what India requires and what India should give back. The author tells that India needs military equipments from US which US can supply to fight a battles against China on our border. Then if you see India needs the support of United States and its ally Israel in cyber warfare and also in satellite mappings of China and Pakistan and also in hard intelligence on terrorists whom we are fighting at our borders. Also if you see India needs technology such as thorium utilization, desalination of seawater, hydrogen fuel cells etc. So these are some of the requirements of India from United States. Now what India should give back to United States. The author tells that first India should help US by sending more troops gradually to Afghanistan and relieve US troops to go home because if you see for a long time US has been involved in Afghan politics. Secondly the author tells that India should develop the Andaman and Nicobar and also the Lakshwadeep islands as a naval and air force base with United States support and allow US to share these bases. Thirdly the author tells that India should also promote bilateral trade. We know that the generic medicine industry is strong in India and India should make use of this opportunity in its exports. And finally the author tells that India needs to build trust with the United States such that the given take will benefit both these sites. But here the author also tells that India needs to be careful on certain fronts. For example when it comes to the economic relations with US the author tells that indiscriminate flow of the FDA from US to India should be avoided. And author also cautions that India should not provide the US with our troops to enter Tibet or to be involved in the Hong Kong or the Taiwan issues because there is always a possibility of a leadership change in China which can be India friendly. It means that the author tells that India should not let US to involve in its bilateral relations with China. So these are some of the precautions discussed by the author. Finally the author concludes by telling that in the long run India US and China should form a trilateral commitment for world peace provided the current Chinese international policies undergo a healthy change. This is all about the discussion of this editorial. To summarize we have seen about the history of the relationship between India US ties since India's independence and then we saw about the recommendations given by the author to improve the present India US ties. This discussion will be very much helpful to write answers in your general studies paper 2 on questions related to India US ties or on questions related to the policy of the developed country that is US on India's interests. Now have a look at this practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article is related to the domestic affairs of the neighboring country of India which is Sri Lanka. In this analysis we will see about the recent parliamentary elections in Sri Lanka then the timeline of Sri Lankan polity from the end of Sri Lankan ethnic conflict till date and then we shall also see the two important issues related to Tamil population in Sri Lanka. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. See on 5th of August 2020 that is five days back the Sri Lankan parliamentary elections took place know that Sri Lankan parliament is a unicameral body that is it has only one house. The strength of the parliament is 225. The members of the parliament are elected by the system of proportional representation. They are elected for a term of five years with universal suffrage. Now the news is that the party led by Mahindra Rajapaktsa has secured nearly two-thirds majority in the recent parliamentary election. The name of his party is Sri Lanka Podujana Perumana. If we go through the election results the party in itself has not secured the two-thirds majority but along with its coalition it has secured nearly two-thirds majority. Here coalition refers to the alliance nothing but the support of two or more parties to the main party. In case of such support the new parliament can bring in sweeping changes to the constitution because it has two-thirds majority. Reports are saying that one of the main amendments targeted by the new parliament will be revoking the 19th constitutional amendment. If you see this amendment was enacted in 2015 by the Sri Lankan parliament at that time Ranil Vikram Singhay was the prime minister and Maitri Palasiri Sena was the president. The 2015 amendment reduced the terms of the president and the parliament from six years to five years and it stated that no person who has been elected twice to the office of president shall be qualified again to be elected to the presidential office. So you can understand that why Mahindra Rajapaktsa could not become the president again in the present legal setup. This is because he already held the presidential office twice from 2005 till January 2015. So as a result till the constitution is amended to his favor it can only be the prime minister. So you can see that this 19th constitutional amendment plays a significant role in the present Sri Lankan polity because it curtailed the powers of the president and it distributed the powers more evenly with the prime minister and other democratic institutions. Now as per news these developments will be altered by the new parliament. So this is all about the recent parliament elections in Sri Lanka. Now let us come to the second part of this discussion which is about the timeline of Sri Lankan polity since the end of Sri Lankan ethnic conflict till date. See the period from 2006 till the end of May 2009 was the last face of the ethnic conflict that happened in Sri Lanka. As we know Mahindra Rajapaktsa was president from 2005 till January 2015. Then if you see Maitri Palasiri Sena became the president from 2015 till November 2019. And since November 2019 the brother of Mahindra Rajapaktsa who is gotter by Rajapaktsa is the current president of Sri Lanka. See in 2018 there was a brief crisis in Sri Lanka. Why? Because in October 2018 to be specific the then Sri Lankan president Maitri Palasiri Sena replaced the then prime minister Ranil Vikramasange with Mahindra Rajapaktsa as the prime minister. However if you see Mahindra Rajapaktsa failed to form a government that commands a parliamentary majority. So again Ranil Vikramasange resumed office. But if you see in November 2019 Ranil Vikramasange resigned and Mahindra Rajapaktsa became the prime minister in the same month. And he was also the member of parliament in Sri Lanka at that time. Now after winning the elections Mahindra Rajapaktsa has become the prime minister again. Know that during the past when Mahindra Rajapaktsa served as the president, Gotabaya served as the secretary to the Ministry of Defense from November 2005 till January 2015. And it is reported that Gotabaya Rajapaktsa was instrumental in ending the three decades long ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka through skillfully coordinated military strategy. And if you see the country of Sri Lanka calls this ethnic conflict as terrorism as per its narrative. Now there are concerns on issues related to the Tamil population who are minority in Sri Lanka. And this ethnic conflict was related to this Tamil population. So let us see the two issues for Tamil people at present in Sri Lanka. The first issue is related to the development and rehabilitation. And the other is devolution of powers as per the 13th constitutional amendment. This 13th amendment to the Sri Lankan constitution is based on Indo-Sri Lankan accord of 1987. And the amendment made Tamil as one of the official languages in Sri Lanka. See some of the key provisions of this amendment have not yet been implemented. In fact if you see there is opposition from the top leadership to implement them. Here the main provision is devolution of land and police powers to the provincial councils in Sri Lanka. If you see the demand from the side of the Indian government and the Tamil people in Sri Lanka is to implement this devolution provision. So we have to see how this unfolds in the days to come. So this is all about the discussion of this news article. This analysis would have provided you a crisp idea about the domestic affairs of the country of Sri Lanka which is one of our neighboring countries. We saw about the recent parliament elections and then we saw about the timing of Sri Lankan polity where the Rajapaksha brothers have played a significant role during the Sri Lankan ethnic conflict till date. And finally we saw two important issues related to the Tamil population in Sri Lanka. If you see there are main questions related to India's neighboring countries. So it is important as a new PSE aspirant to know about the domestic affairs of the neighboring countries in brief so that you will have an idea about the current affairs that is happening in those countries. Now have a look at this practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article speaks about the conferment of senior advocate status in Supreme Court. In this discussion we shall discuss the different types of advocates in the higher judiciary especially the Supreme Court. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. See broadly there are three types of advocates in the Supreme Court, senior advocates, advocate on record and other advocates. According to the Advocates Act of 1961 there are two types, senior advocates and other advocates. So let us see all these three types of advocates. According to this 1961 Advocates Act an advocate may with his consent be designated as a senior advocate. If the Supreme Court or a High Court is of the opinion that by virtue of his ability he deserves such a distinction. And once designated the senior advocates shall be subject to such restrictions prescribed by the Bar Council of India. For example if you see once an advocate becomes a senior advocate he or she is not entitled to appear in the Supreme Court without an advocate on record which means they should always be accompanied by a junior advocate. So who is this advocate on record? See this category is not mentioned in the Advocates Act of 1961. That is why I told that as per this Act broadly there are two types. In order to get the status of advocate on record an advocate has to appear and clear the advocate on record examination. And once they become advocate on record then they can file an appearance or act for a party in the Supreme Court. Thereby you can understand that these are the people who are eligible to file a petition and practice in the Supreme Court. And the remaining advocates who are registered in any Bar Council are called as other advocates. And these advocates can appear and argue any matter in the Supreme Court but if you see they cannot file any document or matter in the Supreme Court. So know this difference. So from this discussion you can tell that the advocate on record plays an important role in filing the cases before the Supreme Court. And if you see they can either work independently or work under a senior advocate. So these are the three types of advocates that you need to know. And talking about the conferment of the designation of senior advocate if you see in 2018 the Supreme Court came up with guidelines to regulate the conferment of the designation of senior advocates. For this purpose a permanent committee called Committee for Designation of Senior Advocates was set up and this committee is chaired by the Chief Justice of India and this consists of two senior most judges of the Supreme Court. Then it also consists of Attorney General and a member of the Bar nominated by the above members. And this committee will look into the applications regarding the conferment of the senior advocate designation. And as per the guidelines this committee is supposed to meet twice an year to look into the application. But if you see this committee has met only once after these guidelines came into force. And this is the reason why in this news article a senior advocate Indira Jaising has urged the Supreme Court to brush off its inertia. That is not to stay idle and start inviting applications from the lawyers for the conferment of senior advocate designation. So this is all about the discussion of this news article. To summarize we have seen three different types of advocates in Supreme Court. Senior advocates advocate on record and other advocates. Very rarely you might get a question but try to know about the different designations that are present in the higher judiciary from knowledge perspective. Now have a look at this practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This question related to the borrowings of the central and the state government has been framed based on this news article which talks about the increase in borrowings of the state government of Tamil Nadu. The rise in borrowings is due to the fall in the revenue of states due to lockdown and also due to the reduction of GST collections. So the question is are there any constitutional provisions which enable the center and the states to borrow from the market? The answer is yes. Articles 292 and 293 talk about borrowing of central and state governments respectively. First let us look at article 292 as per this article the central government can borrow either within India or outside India upon the security of the consolidated fund of India. The limits of such borrowings will be fixed by the act of parliament. Similar to this article 293 states that the state governments can borrow within India upon the security of the respective consolidated fund of the states. Here you can see that the executive power of a state extends to borrowing only within the territory of India upon the security of the consolidated fund of the respective states and the limits of such borrowings will be fixed by an act of the respective state legislatures. But if you see when a state wishes to borrow from abroad that is outside India then it can be done only upon the security of consolidated fund of India. However if you see in 2017 the union cabinet approved to allow financially sound state governments to borrow directly from the bilateral official development assistance partners for implementation of vital infrastructure projects. So this move will facilitate the state governments to directly borrow from the external bilateral funding agencies and the concerned state governments will have to furnish guarantee for the loans that they receive. Also if you see the government of India will provide counter guarantee for the loan. Next if you look at the same article 293 it says that a state can't raise any loan without the consent of the central government if there is still outstanding part of any loan that has been made to the state by the central government. So these are some of the provisions in Indian constitution that enable the central and the state governments to borrow from the market. As we already said due to reduced tax collections and revenue generation the state governments are borrowing more this year so this is going to increase the fiscal deficit of the states significantly. We saw many times in the recent past about what is meant by fiscal deficit in simple terms when the government's non-borrowed receipts fall short of their entire expenditure then they have to borrow money from the public to meet the shortfall. So this excess of total expenditure over the total non-borrowed receipts is called as fiscal deficit. For example assume that the government wants to spend 100 rupees this year but it has only 80 rupees now so the government borrows 20 rupees from the market and this borrowing is called the fiscal deficit. See to arrest the high borrowings and to enforce fiscal discipline the FRBM Act was enacted. This Act mentions certain limits for borrowings for both the central as well as the state governments. The limit for the state governments is three percentage of the respective GSDP that is gross state domestic product and this limit was raised to five percentage by the central government owing to sharp decline in the revenue and tax collections due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. So these are some of the information that you need to know related to the borrowings of the central government as well as the state governments. In particular we saw about the state governments in this news article discussion. Now with this information let us look at this question it is a two statement question and you need to choose those statement or statements that are incorrect the first statement tells that the central government can borrow either within India or outside India upon the security of consolidated front of India and the second statement tells that a state can raise loan only with the consent of the central government if there is still outstanding any part of loan made to the state by the central government. As we saw during our discussion both these statements are correct but treat the question carefully this question demands you to choose those statement or statements which are incorrect so here the correct answer is option D neither one nor two so always in the exam all be careful to read the question twice or thrice to know what the question actually demands whether the correct statements or the incorrect statements. Now let us move on to the next news article look at this question about agriculture infrastructure fund which has been framed based on this news article. See this news article talks about the new financing scheme of the central government under the agriculture infrastructure fund the news says that the prime minister of India has formally launched the agriculture infrastructure fund and the financing scheme under this fund this news article also tells that the sixth installment under the PM Kisan scheme was released in this context try to know about this agriculture infrastructure fund which was approved as part of the 20 lakh crore rupee stimulus package announced by the central government in response to the COVID-19 crisis and you know that PM Kisan is an ongoing scheme of the central government that is implemented since 2018. Now let us discuss about agriculture infrastructure fund see it is a Pan India central sector scheme this scheme will provide a medium to long term debt financing facility for investment in viable projects the viable projects include post harvest management infrastructure and community farming assets so here the financing will be done through the interest subvention and financial support know that the duration for the scheme is from the fiscal year 2020 till the fiscal year 2029 for a period of 10 years under this scheme 1 lakh crore rupees will be provided by banks and financial institutions as loan to the beneficiaries the list of beneficiaries is given here for your reference and if you see the moratorium for repayment under this financing facility may vary subject to a minimum of six months and a maximum of two years know that all the loans under this financing facility will have an interest subvention of three percentage per annum up to a limit of two crore rupees and this subvention will be available for a maximum period of seven years further if you see credit guarantee coverage will be available for the eligible borrowers from the scheme under the credit guarantee fund trust for micro and small enterprise scheme for loans up to two crore rupees in case of farmer producer organizations who are one of the beneficiaries under the scheme the credit guarantee may be available from the facility created under the farmers producer organizations promotion scheme and know that this farmers producer organization promotion scheme is under the department of agriculture and farmers welfare now coming back to this fund this fund will be managed and monitored through an online management information system platform nothing but an MIS platform it will enable all the qualified entities to apply for loan under this fund so this is in brief about this agriculture infrastructure fund that you need to know from exam perspective with this information let us look at this question about agriculture infrastructure fund it is a three statement question and you need to choose those statement or statements which are correct look at the first statement this fund speaks about the aim of the scheme which is a correct statement now look at the second statement it tells that only primary agricultural credit societies marketing cooperative societies farmer producer organizations and self-help groups are eligible to get loans from the fund this is an incorrect statement not just this four there are basket of beneficiaries which we saw during our discussion now look at the third statement it tells that it is a centrally sponsored scheme just by reading this part you can tell that this statement is incorrect because we saw that it is a central sector scheme so the correct answer to this question is option one only let us move on to the next news article this question about river Kaveri has been framed based on this news article this news article mentions about some of the important rebutaries and water reservoirs of river Kaveri and if you see this question has been inspired from both these previous year UPSC prelims questions which appeared in the year 2015 and 16 we had question on the tributaries of river Godavari in 2015 and that of Brahmaputra in the year 2016 and it has been quite some time that UPSC has not asked questions about the tributaries so you can expect a question on tributaries of any river for that sake so in this context it is important for you to know about the important tributaries and the important water reservoirs that are located in the Kaveri river basin some of the important tributaries of Kaveri river include Kabini, Lakshman Tirtha, Harangi, Swarnavati and Arkavati which all join river Kaveri in the state of Karnataka and if you see there are three important tributaries that join the Kaveri river in the state of Tamil Nadu which are Bhavani, Noel and Amaravati so these are some of the major tributaries of river Kaveri and if you see some of the major water reservoirs in Kaveri river basin are Hemavati dam then Harangi dam then Kabini reservoir then Krishna Raja Sagar reservoir all of which are located in the state of Karnataka and we have the Bhavani Sagar reservoir and Mehtur dam which is also called as Stanley reservoir both of which are located in the state of Tamil Nadu so these are some of the major reservoirs in Kaveri river basin and this map gives you a clear idea about the major tributaries and the water reservoirs that are located in Kaveri river basin try to spot the left bank and the right bank tributaries of Kaveri river basin by yourself now if you look at this question it is a straightforward question here all the three rivers that I mentioned here are tributaries of river Kaveri the questioners which of the following is are the tributaries or tributaries of river Kaveri here all three are correct Kabini, Akavati and Amaravati so the correct answer is option D 1 2 and 3 next let us look at this question on Loya Zirga that has been framed based on this news article which mentions about this term here the question is the term Loya Zirga is sometimes mentioned in the news in the context of the affairs of the correct answer here is option C Afghanistan as you can see in this news article this news article tells that Loya Zirga is basically a traditional Afghan meeting of the tribal elders they are conducted sometimes in order to decide certain controversial issues from this news article you need to know in brief about the domestic affairs of the country of Afghanistan if you remember during our 18th May 2020 the Hindu news analysis we have discussed in detail about the recent domestic affairs of the country of Afghanistan in that discussion we saw that on 29th of February US Taliban peace deal was signed and as a part of this deal it was agreed that up to 5000 Taliban prisoners and up to 1000 prisoners of Afghan government would be released by 10th of March 2020 but if you see it did not happen this issue kept on lingering for some time and now there is some consensus about this and Afghan government and the Taliban have decided to hold peace talks after the Afghan government's decision through this three-day Loya Zirga to release about 400 Taliban militants so the Afghan government is now hopeful that Taliban will come for peace talks with it so we request you to watch this 18th May the Hindu news analysis to know more about the domestic affairs of the country of Afghanistan it is also quite important to know from exam perspective because Afghanistan is crucial for India's relations with Central Asia and beyond which also includes Russia so the correct answer for this question is option C Afghanistan now let us look at this news article which mentions about one of the initiatives taken by the state government of Tamil Nadu see three weeks before the state government of Tamil Nadu launched its own television channel called as Kalvi TV in English it means education channel it is similar to the Gyan Darshan of Durdarshan TV due to the COVID-19 pandemic all sorts of education including the school education is affected so this is the reason why Tamil Nadu government came up with this Kalvi TV initiative now in order to make this more accessible the school education department of Tamil Nadu state has decided to telecast lessons in sign language so the lessons are being prepared for the students of all classes as a part of V.Tipaldi which means school at home initiative in order to ensure remote education to the students of Tamil Nadu and I hope that many other states might have also come up with such initiatives try to mention the initiatives taken by your respective state governments in the common section and you can mention such initiatives in your mains answers especially in your general cities paper too on questions concerned with education sector now let us move on to the next discussion now let us look at both these news articles the content and the context of which we have discussed in our yesterday's analysis this first news article is about ammonium nitrate and next if you look at this editorial it is about the recent air crash that happened at Koli code international airport in the state of Kerala so we request the viewers to look at yesterday's analysis for both these news articles and these are self-explanatory just try to have a basic understanding about both these news articles now let us move on to the practice questions discussion session look at this question on united nation security council it is a two statement question the first statement is the non-permanent members are elected for two year terms and the second statement tells that India will be a non-permanent member for the term beginning january 2021 both the statements are correct India will be a member from jan 2021 till the end of 2022 this question asks you to choose the correct statement or statements hence the correct answer is option c both 1 and 2 now look at this question three places are given arrange the following from south to north it is a map based question the three places are park bay park straight gulf of manar here the correct answer is option b from south if you see gulf of manar to the north of gulf of manar is park bay and to the north of park bay is park straight so the correct answer is option b 3 1 2 this question is about senior advocates the question is the designation of senior advocates to the advocates in supreme court is conferred by here the correct answer is option d none of the above it is based on the committee for designation of senior advocates with this we come to the end of the analysis of all the news articles taken up for today's discussion and also the practice questions discussion session if you like the video press the like button comment and share and do subscribe to shankar ias academy youtube channel for latest videos and updates stay focused and motivated friends thank you