 The Chinese soil conservation dataset CSCD provides a comprehensive picture of soil conservation across China over the past three decades. It is based on the revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, Russell, model which takes into account five key factors, rainfall erosivity, land cover management, conservation practices, topography, and soil properties. The dataset shows strong agreement with previous measurements and other regional simulations, providing a reliable basis for understanding the mechanisms behind soil conservation in China. Furthermore, it can be used to assess the ecological effects of land management policies. This article was authored by Jalei Li, Hongbin He, Qinghuism, and others.