 and I come from Spain, I work for Doctors of the World, Medical Segunda, and we have projects in Spain and overseas. In Spain, we had until 2012, we had a university coverage health system, and I think we had maybe one of the best systems in Europe, because it was very efficient, it wasn't too expensive, and it was publicly funded, and it covered everybody. And everybody, I mean everybody that was Spanish or not, that just happened to be in Spain at that time. So anybody, any migrant and document that came to Spain will have access, the same access to the same services, the same quality services than everybody else. But that changed in 2012, and it was theoretically as a consequence of the economic crisis that all Europe had been plunged into. But in reality, it's linked to a change in the democracy that we have in reality, and high in the conservative, in Spain, but also in Europe. So the first measure that the government took in 2012 was a new regulation whereby all migrants that were undocumented were excluded from the health system. And there were only five exceptions to that. That was pregnant women, minors under 18, women that had been trafficked, and any illness that required an emergency response. Although under those five cases, migrants could have access treatment, the reality was that when they were trying to access them, it was not always possible. So a lot of society has organized for the last five years to fight that law, and to resist, especially from the medical profession, to resist to the obligation of not treating migrants and the undocumented migrants. Despite all the fights, all the demonstrations, it has been very difficult to change not even one single bit of that. Fortunately for us, in the last six months, we had a change of government, and that has provided with a new reform to that existing law that allows migrants that are undocumented to access the health services. However, there is a problem in the sense that a lot of the other laws that are in Spain related to illegal migration have been limited. In fact, they are the rights of these migrants. So in reality, although we have a law that we allow them to access the health services, because of the migration legislation, this is not as universal as it was before. So there's still a lot of work for us to do this. So I'm going to talk a little bit based in B. Mary University in London. It has a global policy and intersectionality. And a long-standing member of people's health movement first through my engagement with the JSA, just was a via vendor, and subsequently through the KPHM. I lead the PHM Scotland, and I'm one of the co-leaders of the KPHM. And like you said, there are a number of very similar issues that Europe is facing. But I think one of those that we've been debating on and also actively campaigning around and mobilizing around is the saving the NHS and keeping the NHS public. And there's been a systematic dismantling of the NHS over the years through the creation of clinical condition groups. And also more recently, which we know very briefly about, was through the introduction of technologies by GP apps through which now people can only access services through the GP app system. And what we hear anecdotally in the, it is also resulting in bigger inequities, because these GP apps are affected by certain companies and certain kinds of local health authorities and clinical condition groups, which are more deprived than others. And that is resulting in a lot of access and equity issues. So one of the issues that we are discussing on doing a little bit more first, understanding the problem and doing some kind of participatory community-based research on is the looking at the impact of these apps and what happens when people are taking off lists and then we send our only able to access services, primary level care services through these applications. But there are existing campaigns that are campaigning against the destruction of the NHS. So we do support these campaigns. But more prominently, what UK PHM has been active right from the beginning through Global Health Watch and other global advocacy campaigns, I think the moment for revival of this movement was only around post-financial crisis and after the rollout of austerity. So one issue that also helped us mobilize and come together was related to the austerity rollout and how people were being affected as with sort of the benefits and the government spending was being cut back in social and welfare services. What it was resulting in was creation of greater levels of anxieties and mental health. But mental health services also were witnessing cutbacks and funding. So the situation was that there were number of different groups working on different health issues that we were able to bring together to talk about. Issues that cut across the right to health. So while we were keen on talking about how we can restore the early compromise of the NHS, the foundations of the NHS, but we also wanted to understand how austerity is impacting more broadly. And that led to first health assembly in Nottingham, second health assembly in Musselboro in the UK, where a number of groups working on issues that as diverse as occupational health and environmental impact on health, the impact of fracking on health, to looking at specific issues around access to health services, inequities, especially sort of issues faced by minorities in human community. So we had this health assembly which should actually develop to first a sharing of testimonies, the lived experiences of austerity cuts and moving towards building the analysis and identifying what can be done about this. And there were a number of very exciting examples that came up. And that process has led to, at least in the Scottish context, has led to a development of people's health manifesto, which has identified broader cross-cutting issues issues of poverty, about how certain basic fundamental rights to health care need to be restored, including people who are in the margins and especially those who are completely slipping out of the existing social protection systems. And we realized that the children of the catcher regime are now passing on that legacy and precarity to children of austerity. So we are actually trying to link these dots and identify what these issues are. So for us, health care is an important right to health. Care-free access to publicly funded NHS is important. But equally important is aspects of inequalities and looking at how we can ensure the governments come into the right to health in its most holistic sense and not only talk about introducing green spaces and doing more physical activities. So we have a crisis because we lost a lot of nurses, especially and then also doctors. The migration, as well as the austerity measures and also the crisis in Europe. So that is combined with a long-lasting privatization and privatization trend that's present in the equation health care system. So what has happened was that after the period in Yugoslavia which was characterized by, I would say, a social medicine movement, which very much let primary health care be affordable and accessible to anyone, has developed into a system where care, especially for the private level, is very reduced and very regionalized. So it's very difficult to come across specific services in the different parts of Croatia. And so what we have been doing as part of the HM and also other local groups is building and strengthening education programs for both health workers who are involved in community activities, but also community groups who are interested into learning about healthcare, learning about the healthcare system and how it works in order to be able to engage with the system and fight for their rights on their own terms. Also another part of the activity that we do is related to research. We also feel that the healthcare sector has been ignored mostly by activists and organizers in question for a long time and that has led to a very large gap between the practices that are present in other fields and fight for the right of health inside the sector. So in cooperation with other movements, we tried to re-health care on the agenda and just to show how healthcare is related to other parts of the... So in Italy, as we say in the European countries, we have had so many universal healthcare systems since 1978, but the healthcare system is becoming less universalism day after day. One of the main things that is happening at the moment as in other countries is the progressive privatization of the system through especially the progressive reduction of funds in the public healthcare system, which has resulted in push towards the private system and so the quality of many people are sort of renouncing to sick care in the public healthcare system, increase in its quality, resulting for instance in long waiting times and increase out of pocket expenses. I also have several issues related to precarcting the health workforce, so who can afford it is increasingly relying on the private healthcare system, which is again contributing to publishing the public healthcare system. So this has been a big focus of the agenda working in Italy and in Europe and in Japan. And in other, as I'm now in the same moment, and another big issue is in other countries of such a state, worsening of the programs as well as of condition and situation overall. This has worsened at an accelerated pace, with the new government since March 2018, through measures such as closures of reports of arrival and now other measures are in practice such as seriously actions and funds allocated to service that are well-being and that they promote the inclusion of migrants that they do to their children. Also from Italy, part of the PHM, and I just wanna share my experience in my everyday life since I'm attending the GP school, and so I'm working inside the healthcare system, the public one. And what I really see every day is that many people like asks for medical needs, which finally, which are not medical ones, but most of them are social ones. And the fact is that in Italy, we haven't strong, right? I would say we haven't any good time of welfare state. So the thing that happens is that the feelings, the needs are expressed, but in to a system who isn't able to attend them carefully. And the other problem I see, I feel is that our society, I think in Italy, but I think it would be extended by then, it's very, it has been very individualistic. So we are like the arts and the social problems we feel probably are due to a lack of sense of community and a lack of feeling we are in a community, many communities we are in. The good news is that there are many movements around the health issues. And I can only name two, which one is a minority male that is becoming very strong at the moment and is a trans feminist queer movement. And the other is the campaign between the two, which fights for the universal co-ordination to be found. I'm Alexis from Greece. I am a member, founding member of the Center Movement and also in the National Association of Health Policy. Just a few words about the situation in Greece. The Greek system was built as an hybrid between task-based, based national system and social security, social insurance schemes and the private sector. What happened during the crisis was that first of all, as we know, we had a very deep crisis because of the global economic crisis in Greece. So we had a lot of, we had 30% of unemployment that means 30% of the population, of working population didn't have any access to any service. Secondly, we had, and we still have, a big wave of refugees, especially from the city of Albania, but not only. So with people that are coming and having needs of healthcare, the policies of austerity drained the system from its personnel, from its infrastructure, so we had a very big crisis of the system per se. And as it was said, also we had a big wave of brain drain. I mean, especially doctors, medical doctors, especially medical doctors are living by thousands to European and not only countries. So this was the case. The truth is that after 2015, the new government made some small but not overall and some solutions. All people, including refugees, had access to the national system. So that was a relief. But the problem is that as it was said, also in Greece, the new personnel is coming with precarity, so it is for two years, contracts are very short contracts which are not even sustained to the system. My point is after having heard all the interventions is that you can see that we are almost in the same route. Of course, every country has its own tradition. The European tradition, which is very important, I think also it was very clear, spoken here, is that the European tradition was the welfare state. And the services, the health has social rights in terms of access to services at least. And this was the European idea the last 50 years. And what is important today is that Europe also is going through and it's having the same problems all over the world, which are that there is no more space for public, no more space for social policies and the profit is on top of everything. So in this way, we have to fight in a global fight. And that's why we are here. It's an assembly which is the assembly of the world, of the planet. And as Europeans, of course, we have already a good group of Europe and we have to enforce our struggle in order to put health as a social right in one important issue that we have, one important action that we have, is every year the 7th of May, the European organization. We need to see how vulnerabilities are being constantly created by the political economic fabric. And it's not the same standard high-race groups of communities that we should be targeting who are excluded. We see an increase in the number and the reliance on food banks in the UK. There are more people who now actually have to go to food banks too for food security and for nutrition issues. There are more people homeless, among homeless people, they themselves actually, this whole part of the reaction process, one thing that emerged very clearly was that what we understood as the vulnerable groups, we clearly refined and homogenized their experiences. We are having these intersectional inequalities that we need to address today. There are more people in homeless, among homeless people, one of the big concerns were the privatizing of the commons of how the whole regeneration and planning activities in the UK now is, with a lot of EU funding, is actually resulting in changing public toilets into coffee shops and those kind of things. So we need to go back to the idea of universalism of health and social care right as a whole and talk about these issues of diverse exclusions. And I think there are several. I think maybe in Europe the concept of exclusion has been different to maybe how it is in other countries. But it doesn't mean it doesn't exist. In Europe, but at least in Southern Europe, I think in general, the poorest people go less even knowing that they go into the doctor's room, they still will go less often than the better-off families will go. And the willexes, specific services that are not so, maybe not seen as primary health, as such as psychosocial support, mental health, dentistry, physiotherapy. So all these services that are available in a much smaller scale than they would normally be in wealthy families, they normally don't access them. So, indirectly, yes, the services are there. In a small percentage, they are not widely available to everybody. Even though a lot of people will not go to those services, another issue is that even if you don't have to pay anything at the moment of accessing the health service, you have to pay for the medicines and you know that. Even if it's a reduced price, you still have to pay for it. So a lot of people will not go to the doctor, or if they go to the doctor, then they will not be required because they know it's just too much money for them. And there's no subsidies for that. The price you have to pay. There is a co-payment. Yeah, there's a co-payment. Yeah, but still you have to pay for the medicines. And the other problem is that the percentage of the population that it's pool has increased dramatically in a lot of our countries. They are ashamed of finding themselves in that position. They don't want to tell all the people that are pooled. So they are cutting on expenses. And one is health expenses. The other one will be other elements that are imparted like access to electricity, heating in the winter, certain foods that are better for them. So all these things we want and for those enough!