 Module 1, what is developmental disorder? So, if we need to understand what is developmental disorder, we need to be referred to the DSM-5 and in DSM-5 developmental disorders are referred as neurodevelopmental disorder. Why we call them as a developmental disorder? Because their onset has been take place before the school going age or their onset are in the early age of the life. So, basically in developmental disorder, we usually refer those psychological disorders, those neurodevelopmental disorders which are usually occur in the children. So, if the children are not achieving their developmental milestones, that's mean that child has a developmental delay and usually you see that the parents has reported various complaints around these children. For example, you must have seen that many parents complain that their child cannot read, cannot speak, that they are not able to recognize different kinds of alphabets. So, all these things when any mother reports you, they indicate that the child has developmental delays. Developmental delays basically means that the child has a dysfunction in attention, in perception, in language, memory, problem skills or social interaction. So, what all these terms are meant for? That the child's language development will not be as appropriate as the appropriate age. Similarly, they will not be interacting with people in the same way which is the demand of his or her age. So, when all these deficits are there, basically these deficits are there because of the executive functioning. The time when the executive functioning is disturbed, all these delays are there because of it. Executive functioning basically is that that is based on a working memory which enables us to execute daily tasks. When over executive functioning is affected, then definitely over all other things get affected. And due to that thing, the impairment starts coming and the child is unable to perform different tasks at the social, personal, academic or occupational level. What does that mean? That the child is unable to look after him or herself. Like, it does not mean that the child should completely look after himself. It means that the personal tasks, the small things that the child can do, he cannot do his age-appropriate task at that time. The social interaction with other people is not appropriate. Similarly, the academic tasks of the child are not appropriate. Similarly, the small things like building blocks or other skills that the child can do, he cannot do it. So, that means that when the problem starts coming in these areas and the parents were concerned about these problems, then that means that the child has developmental delays. These developmental delays refer to different types of neurodevelopmental disorders. Now, different types of neurodevelopmental disorders will be in module number 3. But it is slightly more important to explain it here at this time because you guys to understand this thing that there are many categories of neurodevelopmental disorders. We cannot fit it in a global category because delays are of different types. The type of delay will be in the category of that type. And the type of global delay will definitely be in the global category. If it is a specific delay, it will be in the specific category. Now, all these developmental delays are exacerbated because the child's milestones are delayed.