 So we're going to go ahead and start a new section here and we're going to call this a ggplot objects. And what I'm going to begin with is not going to be code. But what I'm going to introduce you to is just the format of a ggplot object. This will provide kind of a template for you to understand how the code is structured, what its different elements are. And then we'll get into actual specific examples as we continue. So what I'll do here is I'll just copy this over from the PDF. And again, this is not code. And so when I paste this in here, you're going to see these X's. This is R just telling me that this code is not written correctly. It's not going to run. And that's fine. We're not actually going to be running this as code. This is just to let you know that the first kind of element that we usually include in these creating these ggplot objects is the data set. So in our case, interviews plotting. We follow this by a pipe and again remember this is ways, a way of stringing together multiple functions into one continuous code block so it all runs together. The first line here is using the ggplot function, along with some aesthetic specifications. Which we call mappings. This actually creates the ggplot object. Along with certain kind of just beginning aesthetic properties of the X and Y axes, that sort of thing. So no data at this point just the structure of the ggplot object. And finally, we specify the geometric functions, whether we're not, you know, basically what kind of plot we want to create along with some of the more customized properties of that graph. So let's go ahead and put a hashtag in front of this so that ours not struggling to try to read it. I'll leave that up there to provide that kind of reference but now we're going to go ahead and create some examples. So as I mentioned, the first code that we're going to use is just the name of our data frame. Let's interviews underscore plotting. And the first thing that we're going to do is just go ahead and run that ggplot function without any kind of aesthetic. So we're going to do some testifications in the parentheses. When you run this, you're going to see that the plots tab is automatically highlighted. And you'll be seeing this kind of just empty gray square, appearing there in the plots window. Okay, this tells you that the object has been created but because we haven't given any kind of aesthetic properties. There's nothing really there there's no structure there. So we're going to use those properties kind of one by one just to see how are is constructing these ggplot objects. So within the parentheses, we're going to start with this as stands for aesthetics. This operation goes inside the ggplot function. And r is actually prompting us to specify what the x and y variables are going to be in this ggplot object. So we're going to begin by designating our x variable as number of members. So just watch your spelling here and take advantage of these prompts, the auto fill prompts to fill in these variable names if you notice in this case this is number of members but members has no e in it. So just watch your spelling here and for a y variable, we're going to use number of items. And when you run this. And this is just going to add that structure I mentioned earlier. So now our gray square has become a bit more detailed we now have an x and y axis for those labels, and also kind of the range of values in those two for those two variables. Now if you'll notice in this template here for ggplot objects. In the beginning we're using pipes to link these different lines of code. But once you created that ggplot object we're creating, we're actually using this plus sign to add additional lines of code. Okay, this is an easy kind of mistake to make. We're using the pipes with the pluses, because both of these are serving a similar function they're both used to kind of add additional lines of code and have it run together. But just remember that for the ggplot objects, once we've actually created this object, every subsequent line of code is going to be connected with a plus sign, not with a pipe. So we're going to run add a plus sign to that last line of code in our example. And here we're going to use a function, which is g on point g on point is the function that included the ggplot to package that's used to create a scatter plot. So that's what we're going to begin with just creating a simple scatter plot these two variables. So first, just with empty parentheses. And when you do this you can see the points are now appearing so this has basically introduced the data into the ggplot objects that we created. So you can think of this as just kind of the empty vessel. This is creating the vessel is going to hold our data and this second line is actually projecting our data onto that structure.