 This study examined the role of socioeconomic factors in predicting the risk of transmission of neglected tropical diseases in Brazil. It found that socioeconomic factors such as gross domestic product and loss of natural vegetation cover were important in determining the risk of transmission of these diseases. Additionally, the combination of socioeconomic and environmental factors improved overall model accuracy by 10%, reaching a maximum of 18% in the case of dengue fever. These findings suggest that poverty and destruction of natural ecosystems are key drivers of neglected tropical disease transmission in Brazil. This article was authored by Arthur Ramolho Mogalés, Claudia Torres-Codeco, Jens Christian Svenning, and others.