 Good morning, everyone. My name is Carol Werner. I'm the Director of the Environmental and Energy Study Institute. I also serve on the Steering Committee of the Sustainable Energy Coalition, and on behalf of our coalition in ESI, I am proud to welcome you this morning to the 15th Annual Congressional Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Technology Expo and Policy Forum. So thank you for joining us this morning. Our first panel is very exciting. It is comprised of speakers from the Department of Defense, and this is an opportunity to hear firsthand from leaders who are talking about the work that is underway that is both advancing mission, security, reducing risk to lives, and is indeed saving taxpayer money and advancing technology. Our first speaker is Dr. Dorothy Robine, who is the Deputy Undersecretary for the Department of Defense, Installation, and Environment. Dorothy? And the three big points that I want to make are that DOD's facility energy effort is all about being more effective at accomplishing our mission, and we're focused on the facility energy side on cost, lowering our energy cost, improving the energy security of our installations. Renewable energy, and you're going to hear a lot this morning about renewable energy, particularly from John and Kerry, is renewable energy speaks to the energy security on our installations, and I don't talk about renewable energy without talking about microgrids and storage because they go hand in hand. We're not doing renewable energy to be green. We're doing it to make our installations more secure. And then finally, as a technology leader, I think DOD can play a very important role in the country's clean energy revolution by pursuing our own strategic goals and self-interest, which is exactly what we're doing. We are the largest energy consumer in the country. We account for 1% of total U.S. energy consumption, and 3 quarters of the energy that we use is operational energy, fuel, to use for mobility to power ships, tanks, planes, and generators in theater. So facility energy is a quarter of DOD's energy usage. Our bill last year was $19 billion, up $3 billion from the year before, almost $4 billion because of higher fuel costs. We care about facility energy at DOD for two big reasons that I alluded to earlier. The first is cost, $4 billion a year is a lot of money, even by DOD standards. So we are working hard to get that down. And then second is energy security of our installations. Our installations provide more direct support for the warfighter than was traditionally the case. Traditionally, our installations were used for, and when I say installations, I mean fixed installations, permanent installations as opposed to forward operating bases in theater. Traditionally, we used fixed installations to train the warfighter and deploy. Now we are providing much more in the way of direct support for the warfighter. We fly unmanned aerial vehicles from our domestic installations. We fly long range bombers. We analyze battlefield data in real time. There is staging platform for humanitarian and homeland defense missions. Our installations are 99% dependent on the commercial electric power grid. We have typically backup generators within a fuel to last a matter of days or a week. But there is a growing concern about the vulnerability of critical missions to the power grid, which is by experts seen as vulnerable to outages for a variety of reasons. So the Defense Science Board in 2008 told us we needed to take this issue seriously. We have a four-part strategy aimed at trying to bring down our costs and improve our facility energy security and their overlapping. The first is to reduce demand for traditional forms of energy. Second, expand the supply of renewable and other forms of on-site energy generation. Third, directly address the energy security of our bases. The first two elements indirectly improve energy security. In addition, we are trying to do that directly. I am going to talk this morning about microgrids and then finally leveraging advanced technology, taking advantage of DOD's comparative advantage. I am going to talk largely on the last two elements, but just a word on reducing demand. This really is the most important thing. It is what Secretary of Energy Chiu calls the fruit laying on the ground. It is a big deal for us because we have 300,000 buildings, 2.2 billion square feet of space. That is what drives our $4 billion a year energy bill. We have fairly strict rules about new construction. It has to lead silver, 40% of the points have to come from energy and water, 30% above ashray, a lot of different things. My office is putting out a unified facilities code later this year, but we cannot build our way out of the problem. This is mostly an issue for retrofit of existing buildings, or existing 300,000 buildings. We have a billion dollars in the budget for energy efficiency retrofits of existing buildings, and then we are relying heavily on third-party financing for energy efficiency retrofits. Do you understand those initials? No? Okay. Energy savings performance contracts and utility energy savings contracts. This is where a company like Honeywell, Johnson Controls, Con Edison come in, identify potential savings that can lower your electricity bill. They pay for the capital investment. We get the reduction in energy, they get the savings. They are paid out of the savings in our utility bill that those capital investments bring about. It is a terrific mechanism if you don't have the money up front to make the investment, which we don't in this austere budget. So we're relying heavily on that, and we're much more aggressively metering our buildings, which we historically have not done. I'm going to skip over that. I'm just going to say a word about our second piece, expanding the supply of renewable and on-site energy. This is important when linked to microgrids and storage, which I'm going to talk about. It's not, in and of itself, renewable energy doesn't give us energy security on our installations. It has to be tied to microgrids and storage, which is why we're doing a lot of work in that area. We've made a commitment. Each of the services is committed to do a gigawatt of renewable energy by 2025. That's equivalent to the power generated by a nuclear power plant, and John and Kerry are going to talk about that. I'll say three things about it. That represents new capacity, capacity that doesn't exist now. Second, that will be power generated on our installations are very close to it, and third, it will almost all be done with third-party financing. So with private financing by developers that will operate the facilities, we provide the land and the demand. I'm going to skip over all of my slides on this, and you'll hear from John and Kerry and talk about this, because I think it isn't widely appreciated why we are pursuing renewable energy. It's important to understand why this is important to DoD. It really is about making our installations more energy secure so that if the grid goes down, we can continue to carry out critical functions. And the way we will do this is with advanced microgrids, technology that allows us to island critical functions and operate them off of the macro grid, if you will, the larger commercial power grid. Advanced microgrids, and they don't yet exist. They're still at the test and evaluation stage, are a triple play for DoD. They will allow us to operate more efficiently and at lower cost on a day-to-day basis by taking advantage of demand response opportunities, opportunities to play in the power market and reduce our demand at peak periods and actually make money doing that. Second, microgrids are a necessary thing if you want to incorporate renewable energy. And then third, and most important, they are the way that we will be able to continue critical functions on a base if the grid goes down. So they're a triple play. We have microgrids now, but they're rudimentary microgrids. We have very rudimentary ones in forward operating bases, but almost by definition that's how you operate in theater. But even on our bases here, we have them, but they're fairly rudimentary. We're trying to get from the lower left hand part of that chart to the upper right hand, and there are two key elements. The first is being more tied in with the grid, with the larger power grid, so that that's the economic dimension, so that on a day-to-day basis, even when the grid is operating fine, we can play in these markets. We can actually make money by engaging in things called ancillary services and frequency regulation. These allow us to operate at lower costs by curbing our demand, by putting power back into the grid from plug-in electric vehicles. There are a variety of things. So that's the economic dimension of microgrids, and that's important on a day-to-day basis. The other dimension, the x-axis, is the technological complexity of it, and that has largely to do with the ability to incorporate renewable energy at high penetrations, so that renewable energy is accounting for a fairly large portion of the energy used on an installation. And that's the real challenge. That's the technological challenge with microgrids, is to incorporate intermittent sources of power at a high level of penetration, and so we're doing a lot of technical work with the major microgrid companies in order to allow us to do that. We have a couple, and I'm going to say a little bit more about the technology in a minute. We have a couple of analytic studies underway. We have MIT's Lincoln Lab has done a survey of all the different microgrid plans and efforts underway in the Defense Department, a total of about four dozen, and they're looking at the trade-offs involved in different microgrid architectures. And this report will be out literally within the week, and it's technical, but I think it's very helpful for anybody trying to understand the important role of microgrids. ICF, a terrific consulting firm, is doing a study for us of the financial opportunities with microgrids, and they will look at three very concrete study of opportunities at three different installations in three electricity markets. And then finally, Ben's business executives for national security is looking at the business side of microgrids, and the pros and cons of alternative business models. Should a microgrid be government-owned and operated? Should it be government-owned, commercially operated, commercially owned and operated, that kind of thing? Should it stop at the fence line? Should it include critical activities in the community? What are the impediments to widespread deployment of microgrids? All right, finally, as the microgrid example shows, we can take advantage of advanced technology. Advanced technology has been DOD's comparative advantage for 200 years, going back to, if not before, Eli Whitney and the development of interchangeable machine-made parts for musket production, which is what became the American system of manufacturing. We are, at the end of the day, DOD is a technology agency. It's our comparative advantage. In the facility energy area, we're not going to be a developer of technology. We don't need to be. There is a lot of great technology out there. It's coming out of industry with backing from venture capital with a lot of historic support from the Department of Energy. There's a lot of technology out there. What we can do is, let me go back one, is use our installations as a testbed for next-generation energy technology for pre-commercial energy technology. Energy technology, particularly building energy efficiency technology, faces a lot of impediments to commercialization. The first user of the technology bears significantly greater costs and gets no additional return compared to the second user. There are a variety of impediments that make this technology slow to get to market. We think we have an important role to play there, and we think it's in our self-interest because we have 300,000 buildings. You look at risk differently when you have 300,000 buildings. It makes sense for us to try out a lot of these things to be a testbed. If seven of them work and three of them don't, we come out way ahead by being able to deploy the seven that work and ignore the ones that don't. There aren't very many building owners that approach new technology with that attitude. Walmart is one of the ones that does, and it's because they like us are a huge building owner. We're using a program that was developed to do environmental technology demonstrations to do energy technology demonstrations on our installations. The concept is it's a distributed testbed, so these projects are awarded competitively. There's been a huge demand for this, so we're only able to fund a small number of them. The program is focused on three areas, smart microgrids and advanced microgrids and storage. One, energy-efficient buildings, second, and then renewable and on-site technology, renewable technology. Third, and let me give you a couple of examples. I mentioned microgrids. We have about 10 demonstration projects going on in the microgrid and storage area. The flagship project is GE's smart microgrid technology at 29 poms, a Marine Corps base in the Mojave Desert. Lockheed Martins at Fort Bliss and a variety of others. United Technologies at joint-based McGuire-Dix Lakehurst, and then we have a number of storage demonstrations going on as well. We have a very deep test and evaluation culture in the Defense Department, so this takes advantage of that. As I indicated earlier, the focus of a lot of this is on how to incorporate renewable energy at high penetrations. That is the big technical challenge. The second focus is on energy-efficient buildings. Let me talk about one example there that I think illustrates why we can play such an important role as a test bed. Electrochromic windows in the upper left. These are self-tinting windows. I'm sorry, not all of you can see the slides. These are windows that tint automatically. They tint electronically like glasses that get darker when you go out in the sun and then lighten up when you come back inside. This is a technology that DOE has supported over the years. It's a good technology. It's still expensive. There are venture capital firms now backing two producers of it. The one pictured is Solodyme. The reason a test bed is helpful here is because these are expensive windows. What they promise, if they work and if people like working in buildings that have these kind of windows, you can reduce your air conditioning costs significantly. But more important, when you build a building to start with, you can put in a smaller chiller. That reduced capital investment is enormous. That is the big payoff from this sort of a technology, being able to put smaller chillers in your building. Architecture and engineering A&E firms make the decision about how big the chiller should be when you build a building. No A&E firm is going to take a chance on putting in these windows without absolute compelling evidence that they're going to work. You don't get in trouble by putting in too big a chiller if you're an A firm. You get in a lot of trouble if you build a building and the chiller is too small. You need compelling, rigorous data on the performance of this kind of a technology and how people like working in a building that has them. That hasn't happened today. We're putting them in on three sides of a building at Miramar Marine Corps Air Station in San Diego. We think we'll get that kind of data. Let me give you, in the lower left, this is an air conditioning. It's a nanotechnology, a nano membrane that dehumidifies air without cooling it. This was an ARPA-E funded project, one of ARPA-E's early projects. We're testing it at Robin's Air Force Base in Georgia where it's very humid. Some really interesting technologies for doing expedited audits, for figuring out where to invest our dollars without doing the really elaborate sort of audits that are normally required. And then technology to allow continuous building commissioning technology that will allow us to operate our buildings much more efficiently. That's where a lot of the energy loss is. You build them, they perform optimally when they're built and then they degrade fairly quickly over time. And there's some interesting technologies that will allow us to optimize in an ongoing basis. And then finally, technologies in the renewable onsite generation area, and I'll mention maybe one or two of them in the upper right. This is a micro turbine produced by a little startup called Flex Energy. It turns exhaust gas at a landfill into electricity. We have several hundred landfills on DOD installations. We generate electricity from the landfills, but as the landfill ages, the waste gas, the exhaust gas, produces less and less in the way of BTUs to the point that a conventional turbine can't generate power from it any longer. This technology will allow us to continue to generate electricity even from very low BTU waste gas. We're testing it at Fort Benning in Georgia. If it works there, it will work on a lot of other DOD installations. And there are a lot of other folks who are watching this demonstration. If it works for us, they think it will work for them as well. State and municipal governments, even some commercial entities. So again, it's where we can play an important role as a test bed. And I'll skip over those. Let me mention just one last thing. Last week, the Department of Energy, as you may know, has a program called Sun Shot. And this is there. It's named after the moonshot under President Kennedy in the 1960s. Sun Shot's goal is to reduce the total cost of solar energy by solar energy systems by 75% by the end of the decade. One of the programs under Sun Shot is called Sun Path. I can't remember what it stands for, but it's nascent. Anyway, Sun Path is focused on actually ramping up production in the United States of some of this new technology. Sun Shot announced awards last week to a couple of companies out of the results of a competition that they had held. One of the companies is SoyTech, SoyTech Solar. It's the U.S. subsidiary of an international company, SoyTech. SoyTech manufactures concentrating PV modules. It's a very pioneering technology that offers significantly greater efficiency. DOE announced an award of money to SoyTech to further that technology. They also announced that we will be demonstrating that technology at two installations. Fort Irwin is one and another one to yet to be decided. Fort Irwin is an army base in the Mojave Desert. At each of those installations, we will demonstrate this at the one megawatt scale. DOE will pay for the modules, so the first however many hundred modules that come off of the assembly line. DOE will buy them. We will pay for the balance of systems, everything else but the modules and the cost of installation. It's a win-win DOE. We get cutting edge renewable energy technology at a real discount. DOE gets a rigorous demonstration and validation of this technology by an entity, us, that is a potentially very large customer. It's a real win-win. We hope to be doing a lot more of this with the SunShot initiative and then we also hope to have a similar kind of partnership with the Department of Energy's Building R&D program. So that those technologies that DOE is supporting the last stop on the path is a demonstration on a military base. So there's a lot of opportunities. We're focused on a couple of, we've got a couple of big challenges and I think I'll just skip over that and if somebody wants to ask me about this on the Q&A, that's fine. I've taken up too much time. Let me, yeah, so all right, thank you. I'm going to turn it over to my colleagues. Thanks, yeah. I want to mention also that the slides from this panel will be available on EESI's website and of course that's EESI.org. We're not going to hear from two of the services and first we will hear from John Loschewski, who is the Executive Director for the Army Energy Initiatives Task Force, in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Installations Energy and the Environment. And he will then be followed by Captain Kerry Gilpin with the U.S. Navy who is, and he is the Director of the One Gigawatt Task Force in the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Energy. Okay, John. So good morning everyone and thank you Carol for that introduction. I think there's two points I want to make. I guess number one is, is that what the Army is doing is exactly in line with the foundation and the framework that Dr. Rabine outlined. Specifically that it's very much focused on energy security. Energy security begins with the soldier for the Army. The soldier needs to fight. He needs to be sustained in the battlefield. He needs to be housed in installations and he needs some mobility in the battlefield to conduct operations. So when we talk about energy security it's very, very much focused on the soldier and all the things that are needed to make the soldier effective in wartime and in times of peace as well. In the interest of time I'm going to go through these points very, very quickly and then concentrate on in a little bit more detail the work that we're doing with the energy efficiency or energy initiatives task force which really is the central management office for the Army's renewable energy efforts. But I did want to just touch on a few points. Number one, that the Army framework or the Army program for energy is really centralized around four different points. Changing the culture, making sure that every soldier understands that they are a power manager. And this really starts at the top and the best evidence of that is that energy is now part of the Army's campaign plan. The Army's strategic plan for how all general officers manage the day-to-day and strategic operations of the Army. Energy security, installation energy, operational energy are all a part of the Army campaign plan. Similar to what was said before, reducing energy efficiency or increasing energy efficiency, reducing energy demand across the services or across all installations. Building resilience through renewable energy and alternative energy and certainly the energy initiatives task force, the use of large scale renewable energy is a central part of that effort and continuing to build capability with science and technology. So just very much a highlight of some of the things that the Army has accomplished already in terms of building standards. I'll leave that for your reference. I did want to key on one particular point. The White House recently announced a goal across the federal sector for there to be $2 billion in energy savings performance contracts over the next two years. The Army's share of that would be about $400 million. Well, the Army already believes that we're going to accomplish $800 million of ESPC contracts over that timeframe. So the Army believes that through improved processes and installations and procedures that the speed and pace and the volume of ESPC contracts can be significantly increased. Two different initiatives. One, the energy initiatives task force. The second, the net zero program. The net zero program is focused on 17 specific pilot installations and developing roadmaps to make them zero impact in terms of waste, water and energy. All three of those things are interrelated to some extent and to be able to essentially develop best practices and make sure that those are developed through roadmaps and then those are communicated to other installations as well. So all of those installations were identified in 2011. All of those have a goal of reaching their net zero status by 2020. There was some discussion about micro grids and certainly the Army is very, very active in micro grids. There are 28 different micro grids currently in Afghanistan as well as looking at micro grids at U.S. installations as well. The impact is reduced diesel fuel in the field and that has immediate impact in terms of a number of fuel convoys, number of flights to deliver fuel. Ultimately, that also results on reduced casualties, both loss of limb and both loss of life in terms of minimizing diesel fuel usage and better energy efficiency within the field. A lot was already said about science and technology investment strategies and the number of different investments that DOD is making and I'll just leave that for your reference. So the Energy Initiatives Task Force is a specific program that was announced by the Secretary of Army in September of last year and it really is focused about moving renewable energy projects forward at an increased rate. To date, the Army has done about 168 renewable energy projects. That has gotten it less than 1% to its ultimate goal which is being driven by in part the National Defense Authorization Act for 2010. So to make that goal a reality and to put the Army on a glide path to achieve that requires large scale energy projects. So something on the order of 1 megawatt, 5 megawatt, 10 megawatt projects. When you do those types of projects, there are significant challenges in terms of regulation, in terms of interconnection, in terms of environmental permitting that have been a challenge to each one of the installations and have kept them from achieving those goals. So the EITF was essentially set up to concentrate the Army's effort at one central office to provide the expertise, the resources, the capabilities to work with each installation to execute these projects. Now I should have said that all these projects are being executed with third party financing. They again will be used, will be using private sector money. Developers, contractors will be selected, they will be brought in to build these systems but ultimately the only thing that the government is purchasing is electricity and does not actually own these systems over their life. Congress has given us the capability to execute these programs under USC 2922A which gives the Department of Energy a 30 year PPA authority, a power purchase agreement authority. So what you see now, and I think you'll see it also from Captain Gilpin's presentation, all three services are now moving very deliberately to exercise the congressional authority that's already been given but which each service has, I think, struggled to implement and execute over the last several years. So the EITF is focused on 10 megawatts and above and removing these roadblocks to these large projects also has made the commitment with the Navy and the Air Force to deploy one gigawatt of renewable energy by 2025. We are looking through innovative acquisition approaches. One thing that we have developed with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Huntsville is this concept of a multi-order task order contract. We can talk more about that but this would give us a very quick acquisition capability for these types of projects and has a ceiling of approximately $7 billion over the life of these 25, 30 year contracts. And we believe that we'll be releasing that sometime this summer, hopefully by the end of July. We have screened over 180 Army and Army National Guard installations. We understand what the economics are. We understand where are the most favorable projects and we have begun due diligence on a number of those projects to qualify them as opportunities that will go out into the private sector. Last week we had an industry day with the Air Force. We had over 800 participants from industry and parts of government where we announced four projects which were going to release two acquisition over the next several months. As you can see up there, there's Fort Irwin. Probably you can't see. The type is kind of small. Fort Irwin in California, 20 megawatt solar installation, a 20 megawatt solar installation in Fort Bliss in Texas, a 15 megawatt solar installation in Fort Dietrich in Maryland, and then finally a 50 megawatt bioelectric plant in Schofield Barracks in Hawaii. These are all being executed with different business models. In some cases we are partnering very closely with the local utilities because we believe it's important to make sure that we continue to have that good relationship. In some cases we will be going out directly with developers and partnering with developers through competitive processes. But just these four projects alone show that EITF is making some good progress over the last nine months. This puts the Army 10% toward its goal and effectively is a 10 times increase from where the Army has been in terms of renewable energy project deployment. So with that, I'll just let you know that we do have a booth here today and we have several members. If you'd like to ask us questions after the session, I'd be glad to answer them at that time. So thank you all very much. Good morning. The good thing about going last is that a lot of what I was going to say has already been said, so I don't need to re-plow that ground. It shouldn't surprise you that much of what the Navy is doing aligns quite nicely with what OSD has implemented and what our other services are also doing. So that really does let me skip through some of these points that I would normally make. Let me just first describe what the Navy's 1 gigawatt task force is and what it isn't. It actually supports, it's not a new goal, it supports Secretary Mavis' previously stated energy goal of 50% of the shore installation power for all Navy and Marine Corps installations will come from alternative sources by 2020. So it's a bit of a stretch goal for the Navy Department. The NDAA 10 guidance was 25% by 25% and we're going to try to get beyond that. And by the way, I think we all consider these numbers to be floors and not ceilings. So if we get beyond that, that's even better. So as the President announced in his national emphasis on a different sort of energy climate for the United States, the Navy Department is going to support this goal. The way we're going to do this is Secretary Mavis after this announcement stood up the task force and the task force will deliver to Assistant Secretary of the Navy for energy installations and environment a strategy by the end of this fiscal year, September, that will outline a way for the Department to achieve this goal by 2020. So I'm happy to talk to folks afterward and in my office or wherever. I can talk to anyone because I can't sign contracts. So the difference, one of the differences between the way the different services are structured is that in our office we were more focused on the policy and the how and the why. And then other agencies, particularly NAVFAC, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, they're the ones who actually will introduce the rubber to the road and get these things going. So we will deliver to the Secretary in September this plan. And the way we're going to go about this is we have sort of a three-part strategy, assess, engage, and then act. Those are not necessarily sequential. In fact, they really can't be because the assessment is ongoing, the engagement is ongoing, and then the action will take place when we're ready to do that. So in the assessment phase, which really was underway before the task force was formally stood up, but we sort of brought a new emphasis to that, we'll look at any and all studies that pertain. And Dr. Robyn mentioned some of those. There's an NREL study, National Renewable Energy Lab, that's focusing on the net zero portion of Secretary Mavis' energy goals. But it'll help us figure out renewable energy options for each of our installations. We also will leverage off of the ICF Desert Southwest study that was recently completed, again another OSD initiative. I don't know, probably many of you have seen that or heard of it. Seven gigawatts of solar PV potential in the Desert Southwest. Of course, there are many things that the study didn't cover. BLM lands for one, market price points, transmission capacity. All those things will make or break a lot of these projects for us, so the assessments are ongoing, of course. All renewable energy technologies are on the table. Some work better than others. Some are uniquely suited to specific installations. Many of our ranges in the Desert Southwest, lots of sun. There may be some wind out there, but the wind, the towers sort of interfere with the operations that go on on those ranges and those bases. And the radars that we, of course, have to use out there. So just a couple of quick examples. One of the overriding factors in figuring out what works where is that these technologies have to support the mission at the installation and not interfere with it. We face, I mentioned transmission, that's one of the biggies that we really have to, you know, we sort of have to crack that nut. Mr. Leshetsky mentioned, you know, we're looking at the similar size projects as Army. Of course, the bigger you go, then that introduces other problems. They're easier to finance. The third-party financing companies are more interested in larger deals. It works out better for them, but it's harder for the PUCs and the ISOs and everyone else to figure out. I'll give you a quick example. We're looking at an air station in the west where it's Navy-owned land, so we don't have to negotiate with BLM on that one. There's enough land that we have available to us to develop projects. We could go as high as 100 megawatts, actually, sorry, 200 megawatts based on the land that we have. However, if we get above 90 or 100, that's going to trigger transmission grid upgrades that the developers is on the hook to pay for. And the regulations associated with those are a little bit complicated, as I'm sure many of you are aware. So those kinds of things, we still have to figure out and find out what works and what developers can do and what financers will back and what the Navy Department can actually support. The business issues, the other business issues, of course, the tax credits that are a topic of discussion now, those will affect the way the deals work out. Terminate for convenience clause, bother some people, but it really shouldn't, and I can talk more about that later. Not only do we not know all the answers, we don't really know all the questions. And so we have to continue to engage the ACORE event up in New York this week, the Renewable Energy Financing Forum. That was an opportunity for many of us to engage with the financing side. That's just an example. We've done other ACORE events. We've done other engagements with industry, both in the industry day forum type venue as well as one-on-one visits in our offices to talk about these things and figure out what all the questions are and then try to work toward those answers. But it's not just the Navy Department, it's not just the developers, it's the other branches of government. Within DOD, DOE, obviously, all of that, and then our other, our sister services as well. So finally, when we sort all that out and we get down to the actually developing projects, as Mr. Lachevsky described for Army, Navy's also flipping the switch on some projects. I accompanied Mr. Hicks out to Miramar last week where we brought online a 3.2 megawatt landfill gas capture generation system on base at Miramar, Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. There may be another three megawatts that we can acquire as part of the same project. We like the base power type generation 24-7 rather than the intermittent. The intermittent is obviously one of our biggest options, our biggest opportunities. But the sources that provide that 24-7 power, those really represent the ideal type of energy security that we're after. So that methane capture system I just described at Miramar can provide almost half, about 45% of the entire basis load on a 24-7 basis, with or without the rest of the Southern California grid, whether it's operating or not. And it can provide all the power that the flight line needs to do its critical missions there. So that sort of project we really like a lot. We still pursue all the others. We're about ready to cut the ribbon at a project at China Lake. It's 13.8 megawatts of solar PV. There are several projects at China Lake, I'm sure you're all aware of the geothermal. We love geothermal for the same reasons I just described. But the PV is the mature technology, low risk, and developers like it and financiers like it. So we need to find the projects that work and that are suited for the basis where we're trying to generate this energy security. Okay, we only went a few minutes over. Tried to blaze through that as quickly as I could. So when the strategy is finished in September, we expect we'll be able to present that to the public at the Navy Energy Forum in October. So I think I'll stop there. I think I touched on the highest highlights and turn it back over to Carol. Okay, thank you. And we look forward to following up with all of you and perhaps we can bring you all back in the fall with all of these new reports that are coming out and to really look at the progress. So we would look forward to that. And unfortunately, we are out of time with regard to this, but please, I know that the Army does have a booth and so you can hear more about what both the Army and the other services are doing from them. And I just want to thank our panel very, very much. And I hope this helps everybody understand all of the exciting things and the leadership that is coming forward in terms of moving all forms of renewable energy, many, many different kinds of energy efficiency applications forward in terms of really being a leading test bed, a real way to put American ingenuity and innovation out in front and leading the way. So thank you very, very much. Thank you for being here.