 So, we're here to talk about semiconductors. I'm basically here to introduce our keynote speaker, but let me say a few words first. So, I'm Mark Lundstrom. I'm the Interim Dean of Engineering, and I'm someone who's worked in semiconductors since my first job out of college. And I can tell you that there has never been a more exciting or important time in the history of this technology than right now. And there's never been more opportunities for young people like you than right now. So, these are really exciting times for us. Now, many of you are probably wondering what this is all about, I suspect. Now, I'm not sure why so many people signed up, but we're delighted, where everyone is hearing about semiconductors these days and chip shortages and things about that. Chips, or what we call integrated circuits, or ICs, make the modern world possible. When I was your age, I never would have thought a device like this could be possible in my lifetime, or ever, chips make this possible, and much more. So everything, they're in everything from toothbrushes to tractors. They make artificial intelligence possible. They make intelligent autonomous systems work. They are the basis of precision agriculture, industry 4.0. Just about everything we take for granted in the modern world is powered by chips. Increasingly, they're the differentiating factor in products. That's why Apple now designs its own chips, and many more companies are doing that as well. Every automobile manufacturer has now announced that they'll be designing their own chips. With more and more, this is what differentiates one product from another. Now, there are many different kinds of companies involved. It's an incredibly broad field. There are companies that design chips. There are companies that manufacture chips. There are companies that do both. There are companies that create the sophisticated tools used to manufacture chips. And as well as companies we didn't used to think of as semiconductor companies. Companies like Apple, Google, Facebook, Tesla, and many, many more. So chips are actually the most sophisticated things that human beings make. They're incredibly complicated, and it takes engineers with a broad set of skills. We recently surveyed a set of semiconductor companies, and we asked for their data on new college hires to see if we could understand the types of expertise and degrees that they were looking for. And what we found is it's incredibly broad. They hire chemical engineers and materials engineers and mechanical engineers and electrical engineers and computer engineers and industrial engineers. They even hire aero and astronautical engineers. They hire physicists, they hire chemists, they hire data scientists. I mean, whatever STEM field you are in, we'd like to encourage you to explore the opportunities in semiconductors. There are a variety of exciting career possibilities for you. So with that, I'm going to introduce our speaker and we're really fortunate to have with us this evening Tom Sonderman. And Tom is CEO of a company called Skywater Technology. Some of you may have heard that Skywater Technology, a chip manufacturing company, has announced its plans to build a facility just west of campus. And this is going to be an incredible thing. It'll create many jobs for the areas. It will also create opportunities for students. And Tom may say a word or two about what those opportunities might be. Tom is a midwesterner. He did his BS in chemical engineering at the Missouri University of Science and Technology. And that was his BS. His MS was in electrical engineering from the National Technological University. He's had a lot of experience in semiconductors, including companies like Global Foundries and AMD. And I think he's got a really good understanding of where the field is today, where it's going, what the opportunities are going to be for young people like you. So please join me in welcoming Tom Sonderman. So how's everybody doing? Wow, this is quite impressive. So everybody knows what a semiconductor is that's here, I assume. All right, raise your hand if you know what a semiconductor is. All right, well after today, you'll know a little bit more. And then, of course, if I do my job right, you'll all be so excited that you'll all want to get your semiconductor degree. So, you know, semiconductors are everywhere, as Mark alluded to. If it has an on and off switch, it has a semiconductor. And I remember being back, I won't say how many years ago, that I was sitting where you were. And I was actually getting a chemistry degree, working for a company called Monsanto. Who's ever heard of Monsanto? Monsanto. Yeah, they're kind of an evil company now. But back in the day, they were a chemical company. But they actually made the silicon wafers that is the starting material for semiconductors. And so I was doing internship and I got exposed to semiconductor manufacturing. And this is pretty exciting. And I never looked back. So the one thing about our industry, it's highly addictive. And the reason is because it's constant change. And, you know, when you look at the world we're in now, obviously COVID really shine the spotlight on why semiconductors are important. Because you never know something's important until you can't get it anymore. And that's kind of what happened with COVID. All of a sudden people couldn't make cars anymore. You know, tractors couldn't be run because there was no computer chip to deal with the GPS system. Believe it or not, tractors have GPS systems. So there's a lot of energy in the conversation today in the country about semiconductors, but a lot of it has to do with foundations that have been laid over many decades. And a lot of what got people to pay attention was everybody said, well, where are all these semiconductors made? And everybody said, well, they're not made here. They're made in Asia. So let's go to the next slide real quick. So if you look at the supply chain, it's very complicated. And Mark kind of hit on this. There's everything from the equipment that we use. You know, if you go to the Burke Nanotechnology Center, you go in there, there's all kinds of equipment. All that equipment predominantly is made here in the US. The design automation tools to build integrated circuits are made here in the US. But as you go down towards the manufacturing side, all that manufacturing know-how has kind of shifted to Asia. And that's really created some of the challenges that we have. If you look at what we do, we do processing, semiconductor, wafer fabrication, and we do the packaging. But again, there's a lot of stuff in the front end and the back end that happens elsewhere. And so that really was kind of what caused the conversation. Let's go to the next slide. To occur over the last couple of years was we started looking at where is all the semiconductors made. And when I came into the industry at AMD, we had our own fabs. We designed our own chips. We did our own development. We did everything. We were called an integrated device manufacturer. And then what happened really over the last 15 years is all that manufacturing went overseas, primarily Taiwan and China and Korea. And so all of a sudden people realized that we're innovating, we're developing the tools, we're developing the design software, but we're not really building things here anymore. And that really kind of became something that people started paying attention to. Specifically, coming from the DoD, we don't take defense lightly. And when you start looking at having computer chips that run our defense systems being made outside the US and then you proliferate that to our daily lives, it became something that we needed to kind of correct. And that's really what's happened here recently with the passage of the chips bill. The reason Secretary Ramondo, Secretary Blinken are showing up is because people are paying attention to semiconductors. And great countries make things. The one thing about manufacturing, and I'm a manufacturing guy. So there's chip designers as manufacturing. When you're doing manufacturing, you're making things. You're seeing real live results day to day. And it's a great capability that you can never lose sight of. And I think in the US, certainly in semiconductors, we kind of lost sight of that. OK. I could click, too, by the way. You don't have to stand here. It's all right. Don't put a pressure on me. So one of the things that's really driven our industry is what's called Moore's Law. And Moore's Law is nothing more than a kind of formulaic way of describing the pace of innovation that we've all benefited from. So back in the, we'll call it mid-90s, we used to talk about a 40 megahertz microprocessor at AMD. And we were so excited that we made a 40 megahertz. And then we made it 1 gigahertz. And then all of a sudden it got up to like 4 gigahertz. And all this was based on Moore's Law, which really was just making the circuitry smaller, making the wafers bigger, and basically pumping more functionality into a small piece of silicon that could do more and more. And like Mark said, who would have thought that you would take a phone as basically a mini-computer that exists that we all have that, frankly, probably none of us could live our lives without, right? I have an 18-year-old. And I know if I want to get his attention, I take his phone away. And I don't even have to take it away. I can just kind of disconnect it from the network. So anyway, the industry has really been paced by Moore's Law. And we're now at a point where we're moving into kind of what's called the fourth wave of computation. Initially it was mainframes, so big rooms full of computers. And then we went to PCs. And then we went to smartphones. And now we have this great computational infrastructure. And it's all about connecting things to it. So if you look at a lot of the applications on your phone, it's taking some piece of data, sending it to the cloud, giving you some kind of information that you can then make decisions on. And so the problem is the cost to do that. So when you look at the cost of a brand new fab until just announced one in Ohio, it's $20 billion to build one fab. And the building doesn't cost that much. A clean room, $600 million. But it's all the equipment that you have to put in. And an EUV tool, which is Extreme Alter Violet, they can cost $100 million plus. So that's like the cost of an Airbus. And you have to put 20 of those in the fab. Becomes very expensive. So what's happened is we've pushed more and more functionality. The cost has exploded. It becomes very, very challenging for the average company to take advantage of that technology. And so as is typical, we've gotten, and we like to say this in the fab world, we've done our job. We've made things smaller and smaller. But the cost of the designs to put those products to market has exploded to where now there's literally only a handful of companies who can actually bring new technologies to market. So Apple designs their own chips. AMD, they can afford these very advanced technologies. But a lot of other companies, frankly, just can't do it. And so as a result, they're not able to innovate. So the industry is really at an inflection point now to where the amount of use of semiconductors continues to grow. But the ability to capture the cost and do it in an economical way is just out of reach for many companies. So the reality is that we have to recommit innovation. That's where the chips bill came into play. So it's really a $270 billion investment in Made in America making technologies here, not only at the ideation level, but all the way through the manufacturing level. And that's why Purdue is so exciting to Skywaters, because we not only have a dedicated university creating people passionate about semiconductor manufacturing, but we're also tying into the whole innovation capability that you have here. And of course, our job at Skywaters I'll explain is to manufacture those products. So the challenges are many. The ability to bring in new materials, bring in the complicated nature of a lot of the way that these integrated circuits come together, things we call heterogeneous integration, advanced packaging. These all are requiring fresh thinking and frankly, a lot of innovation. And that innovation begins at universities, but it has to go somewhere. And so a lot of the challenges that you see today is the investment in our industry is going towards the advanced node, again, $20 billion for one fab, and the rest of the industry is kind of starved. And so what we're doing and what Skywaters is very passionate about is how do we allow the rest of the industry to kind of take advantage of the innovation that is occurring? And how do we create, again, a mechanism to bring that innovation back here to the US? So Skywaters is, and it was great to hear, Mitch Daniel, your president, say it today, we are the only 100% US investor-owned semiconductor manufacturing company, peer-placed semiconductor manufacturing company in the US. So that in itself is hard to believe, but true. And we came into existence back in 2017 and we have been on a trajectory, very close relationship with the DOD, strong partnership. And where we sit today is, of course, bringing an entirely new model to the semiconductor manufacturing space. So we call it technology as a service. It's all about doing innovation in a high-volume manufacturing facility so you can decrease the amount of time it takes from ideation to commercialization. And it's kind of a bold move to do high-volume manufacturing and R&D in the same place. But that's what we do. And we do it very well. And we're learning to do it better every day. The idea of having maybe just a little context. So R&D is typically done in a pilot line, like, again, Birk Nano Center is basically a place where you do prototyping. And then you would move the volume production to another facility. What we did was put all that inside one fab. So you're innovating in the same fab that you're going to drive volume manufacturing. And that provides a huge advantage if you want to get to market quickly. So if you look at the funnel, as we call it, all the good stuff happens on the left, right? That's where all the innovation, all the kind of concept and feasibility turned into, hey, I got a great prototype, can I now make this in volume? And what we've done is, again, turn this into a model where it becomes very kind of methodical for how you take an idea and move it through this funnel so that ultimately you get to high volume manufacturing. And you can do it without ever having to leave the fab that gets you to market faster and that allows you to co-optimize the product and the process at the same time. That's something that doesn't really happen with the fabulous foundry model that we talk about where you have to essentially differentiate by design alone. We allow people to co-optimize together and it's a real advantage when done correctly. So where do our chips go? What's the answer? Everywhere, and that's right. And it's kind of, you know, when this chart got put together, it kind of overwhelmed me and I'm supposed to know what goes on in my company, right? But when you think about it, everything from strategic defense systems, so making stuff that goes boom, stuff that goes in space, to just things that I'll show in a video that affect our everyday life, things that tied to our health, things that just, you know, are transformational in terms of their ability to make our lives better. And that's really what semiconductor is all about. They're not only about making our phones work, but think of the things that can happen now because you have a phone. You know, you get stranded in the middle of nowhere, you can actually call someone. I remember being your age, getting a flat tire in the middle of nowhere and I just walked for miles and miles. Now you pick up the phone and say, come pick me up. So, you know, semiconductors go everywhere. We have a lot of platforms that allow us to move semiconductors into different places, but the idea is, you know, we get exposed to a lot of different technologies and those technologies ultimately end up affecting our lives. And that's really cool. So today we made an announcement, actually I should say Department of Commerce did through NIST with our partnership with Google, but this is an example of synergistic innovation. We created an open source platform, which maybe doesn't mean a lot in this room, but proprietary IP is critical to our industry. And so what Skywater did was partner with Google and created an open source version of that IP and we were able to take that to market in a kind of differentiated way, make it easy for people to do chip design. And you can see 2020 to 22 from 45 to over a thousand unique designs that were now beyond this as this year has unfolded. And what this is allowing is a lot of innovators at the university level, at the lab level, to get silicon, get results back, and just accelerate again the cycles of learning. The other thing is that 60% of the people doing these chip designs are first time designers and a lot of them are software engineers. So now you have software developers who wanna make an app for the iPhone and it's gonna involve a sensor while they go develop that sensor themselves as opposed to having someone else do it. It's kind of a scary world for all the chip designers out there, but that's not my problem. So this is an example of one of our customers. Key of corporations, manufacturing and process technology at Rockley Photonics. The Rockley Wafers process by skywater turn into wearables packaged into wristbands and arm bands stuff like that looks like this. They're used continuously to track a wide range of biomarkers such as core body temperature, hydration level, blood pressure, alcohol, glucose and lactate. The beauty is that all these measurements are done non-invasively without even a pinprick or other uncomfortable procedures. The data is uploaded to your phone and processed in the cloud, providing kind of an artificial intelligence guardian angel to help alert a person to changes in their health and potentially give us early detection of disease. So Rockley has been working with skywater for over three years now. In that time we have found skywater to be a very supportive partner. We've been impressed by how hard the engineering team has worked to bring creative solutions to Rockley's unique needs for a photonics platform. Recently our focus has now turned on designing products on this photonics process flow. So initially skywater was responsible for just a couple of mass steps for our sensor products. We are now on a path to do complete paper processing with skywater leveraging both the Minnesota and the Florida plant sites. This increased level of engagement with skywater is due to very close alignment of the two management teams and it filters down to every single person that I have the pleasure of interacting with at skywater. Rockley appreciates the close collaboration with the skywater engineering team who has worked hard to transfer this technology into the fabs. Going forward our success will be determined by a handoff to the manufacturing team within skywater so that both companies can start realizing revenue from product sales. And I believe that our relationship is very good and that the strength of our relationship will lead to much success for both companies. So who wants to work at skywater? Come on you guys. Yeah. Anyway that's the kinda, I mean that's literally just one example of technology and by the way it's gonna go into the smartwatch. The example was for medical bands that will be used when you're in the hospital but I like the term non-invasive. The ability to collect all this information and do it with electronics is pretty awesome. So in terms of just a little bit about the fabs, we have fab in Bloomington. That's our core right now. Last year we took over a fab in Kissimmee, Florida and then of course on the right there's a fab that we hope to be building right next door here at Purdue. A couple things about this fab, it'll be 300 millimeter. So I believe the Burke Center is six and 200 millimeter today, right? 206, okay so that's a big jump. So that's good, yeah good. Bigger is better in our industry. The other is it'll be doing both front end fabrication and advanced packaging so it'll have both those capabilities. The other is it will have innovation built into the facility so capabilities that today you do at Burke will now be inside this fab and then in the same facility will be running high volume manufacturing. So it's literally that combination of R and D and high volume and the reason you can do that is because we use things like artificial intelligence and robotics to manage this highly complicated manufacturing environment. Used to not even be feasible to do some of the complicated things that we do. Another exciting thing, 750 skywater employees maybe more, Amanda will make sure it's more. That's our HR teams right here by the way if you want to talk more. But it's 5,000 total jobs. So imagine this, in this region say within five years there's gonna be 5,000 jobs all tied to semiconductors. And where one comes, many follow. So I think we have Tel in the audience. I'm sure Tel will want to have a presence here. Tel Tokyo Electron, great equipment manufacturer. And that's the beauty of our industry is it's an ecosystem. So we refer to this area now as the Silicon Heartline. You guys like that Silicon Heartline? Intel kind of stole it from us but it started here and we have proof. We have it on record. But there's actually a book coming out called the Silicon Heartland next year. I'm a student, everyone likes a great idea. But the point is that in hindsight it was almost an obvious choice. But with the amount of research that goes on here the commitment to the semiconductor degrees program scale which is a program. So if you're interested in doing work for the DOD you can actually get a clearance, security clearance while you're still in college. That allows you to work on the program, some of the programs we work on. I think we have over 100 people that have clear, you know, clearances inside Skywater. So, you know, clearances are important. Be careful with your college life because all that will come back if you decide to go for a clearance. So pay attention. But the idea of just tapping into what's been built here and, you know, West Lafayette is just a huge opportunity and something that, you know, I couldn't be more proud to be part of. So in terms of, you know, the types of engineers we hire and build careers for, the first and foremost, and it makes me very happy to say it, is semiconductor degrees. And, you know, up until Purdue announced it there's no semiconductor degrees that you can get in the US and even in the world. Rochester Institute of Technology has what they call a microelectronics degree, but not nearly as cool as the one that is happening here. And I'm not biased at all, by the way. But I'm a Midwestern guy, not a New Yorker. But the reality, and a lot of these are terms that made me something, but we have engineering disciplines that start with design and go all the way through failure analysis and everything in between. And the great thing about our industry is you can do all these. I mean, you can literally come into Skywater and be a device engineer and turn out as a test engineer and do everything in between. And, you know, the value of having an engineering background, all semiconductor companies are run by people with semiconductor backgrounds. It's a reality, you know, that, you know, it kind of goes with, you know, kind of goes with the territory. It's a high tech space, so you tend to have engineers. So, like myself, I wouldn't ever thought I'd be running a company. But, you know, in our world, you start out as an engineer and then you come up with, you know, other ideas and you work through the bureaucracy and the next thing you know, you get to make all the decisions. And then you own all the decisions, by the way. That we call that extreme ownership, by the way, which means you live with the outcome. Now, in terms of a typical day at Skywater, it's all about, first and foremost, you know, if you're a manufacturing, you know, centric engineer, you're gonna be in the fab, you're gonna go in the fab, you're gonna basically, you know, be in charge of either making a process better or making an entire flow better, what we call a technology flow better. And it's all about, you know, understanding what's going on at the process level. And it's a combination of understanding what's going on at the wafer, but then also what's happening around it in terms of, you know, the chemistry that's being involved, the physics that's going on. If you look at what we call etching, which is one of the most challenging parts of a chemical or a semiconductor process, it's plasma physics coupled with chemistry, coupled with, you know, how you design reactors, it's just all very complicated stuff. And so if you like, you know, data analytics, if you like working with your hands, if you like diagnosing problems, then semiconductors is the place to be. But I will say one thing, it's never dull, right? And if it is dull, then, you know, if you're in the wrong job. Because it's something where, you know, in many ways, every day you come in, there's a new set of problems. So I, you know, we have people that we work with that are accountants. There's nothing more boring in my view. Now I'm sure that our CFO would disagree with me, but I mean, if you're an accountant, you're coming and you're looking at numbers, boring, boring, boring. But if you wanna, you know, use your brain, think engineers where it's at. I know that's terrible. I hope this is being recorded, right? So I will live with this. That's great. Anyway, as far as what employees look for, it's all about, you know, self-motivated, passionate tenacity, not being, you know, not getting the deer into headlights moments. Because a lot of, you know, you're gonna have challenges every day. And if you're not willing to get your hands dirty and solve problems, then it'll be a challenge. But it's, you know, in terms of what we look for, the thing I look for the most, frankly, is passion. If you have passion and you like what you're doing, then you can be successful. If you, you know, and what's that old saying? If you love what you're doing, then it's not work, right? That's kinda how I look at semiconductors. You know, when I started my career, I never thought that I'd be standing in front of 300 people at Purdue talking about a semiconductor degrees program, but I was passionate about it, I liked it, and, you know, you just kinda make things happen. And never be satisfied and own your own career, by the way. Don't, no one's gonna take care of your career, you have to take care of it yourself. Oh, and by the way, grades do matter. I forgot the left-hand side of that. But that's kinda what gets you in the door. So you gotta get good grades, because then you make it through the first filter, and then after that, it's all personality. So as far as careers, you know, again, they're all over. And I mean, Mark said it, this is like the best place to be at your age, coming into, you know, a whole kind of resurgence in semiconductors at a time where there's huge investment, there's gonna be tons of new fabs going up. You know, when I was, call it early part of my career, I was watching all the fabs go overseas, and it's like, wow, what's going on? This is not good. Whereas the exact opposite's going on here. So if you, if you plan it right, do internships, you know, we have internships that we run all the time, you have to, you have to do internships, by the way. Because if you're not, then someone else next to you is, and he's gonna get the job. But if you're, you know, interested in getting, you know, into applied science and, you know, being able to evolve and get, you know, kind of getting an area that you can get excited about, then there literally is no better place to be. And the other thing that's interesting about semiconductors is you can be in semiconductors and be dealing with bio health, or you can be dealing with aeronautics, or be dealing with, frankly, anything because everything requires a semiconductor. And so having, you know, a combination of capabilities to be able to, you know, like Mark Lutecchi, who runs our revenue team, you know, applications engineers need to go in and speak the language of bioscientists, just like they need to know how to deal with, you know, the aeronautical community and all that. So, you know, this semiconductor degrees program, even if, say, you get your BS in aeronautical engineering, you can get your masters in semiconductor engineering, what a great combination. I guarantee Amanda will want to talk to you. Right, Amanda? All right, we're almost done, by the way. So the last slide, and I'll start at the bottom. Where else can you routinely create the technology for the world you live in? It's semiconductors. And, you know, the industry, and this is my big worry. We're gonna build fabs, we're gonna do all this stuff, but if we can't hire the talent to put in our fabs, it's not gonna work. And we need people to work on new tools, creating the process technology of the future. New designers, all this has to come about quickly so that we can take advantage of this moment in time to kind of re-center semiconductor manufacturing back in the US. So if you're interested in a world where life is never boring, it's fast paced, and as I say up here, it's not just a job, it's an adventure. But it's a great adventure, and it's one that, again, it may not seem like, maybe at this point in your life, you're like, what do I wanna do? So take it from an older guy, this is what you wanna do. And if you do it and you're passionate about it, you can build a great career. So that's the last slide, we can open it to questions. Any questions? Questions? No questions? Yes? Yeah, you know, our, yeah, the question is, how did I go from being an engineer to being a CEO of a company? You know, I actually had a slide on that and I took it out, so, see? I should have listened to the communication specialist. But so I started out at Monsanto as a intern, literally when I was 18 years old. So I got a scholarship and so I would go to school for a semester, then work for a semester. And that was huge for me because I got to understand what was going on. But I became an engineer and, you know, after several, you know, kind of evolutions of being an engineer, I decided that I had a lot of ideas that no one wanted to listen to. So I said, I better be a manager so I can get some more influence. And so I became a manager and then just kind of kept going through and, you know, what happens is you can only do so much as an individual so then you gotta have more people on your team and then you gotta inspire other people to follow your vision. And so, and then there's multiple leaps of faith that you have to take too. So, you know, but you have to make the career, you know, your job. And if you do it right, the opportunities will come and never be satisfied. That's another thing I can say. If you're bored in your job, then chances are you're gonna not like what you're doing and they'll find someone else to do it or you'll, you know, wanna do something else. So always be reinventing your career. Yep. What's the most important thing when you look for employees for SkyWater? Passion and the ability to innovate. I mean, we're a small growing company. So, you know, we're not, you know, an established company. So, you've gotta, you know, have kind of an entrepreneurial spirit, but you gotta have passion because, you know, there's no easy day, so to speak, but if you have the passion, you work your way through it. And then, you know, you gotta be, you know, and it goes without saying in this room, but you gotta have the brains, right? But you guys are in the room, so I'm assuming that's taken care of. Any other questions? Yes. Will the Purdue FAB have a lot of collaboration with Purdue students themselves, like undergraduates and masters and everything? Absolutely. In fact, my prediction, Mark will make this a reality, is that 25% of the people in the FAB will be students from, that will be interning inside the FAB. And I don't, you know, 25% may seem like, wow, that's a big number. But imagine, look how many people use the Burke Center today. And now we have a capability like the Burke Center inside the FAB. And so that's where people, you know, will be working on projects for school. All that will be happening inside the FAB. And it's a force multiplier that's part of the reason why we wanna build the FAB here on campus. Because it taps into a resource space that you just can't get anywhere else, frankly. Any other questions? Yes. We'll let you stand up, too. Yeah. Ah, well, which was it? One environmental engineer? Ah, okay, yeah. Great point. Yeah, environmental engineering, you know, there's a lot of engineering disciplines and that's certainly a very important one. And, you know, we talk about clean energy, too. This is all tied to environment. So, good point. Yeah, so we'll add that to the slide. Yeah, we do. We have customers that are requiring environmental adherence policy, et cetera. Any other questions? Yes. Ah, now you're making life really interesting. There's actually, it's very simple. So, sky water actually means Minnesota in the native Indian language based on where we were formed, which is right along the Minnesota River, is that right? So, yeah, there we go, there we go. These guys don't. Yeah, so it actually means Minnesota, I guess, but I think it's much cooler than that, so I don't like that version. I like it, it's like something to do with putting sky and water together. But it's a cool name, isn't it? Don't you agree? It's a cool name, you know? It's much better than, well, I won't say other names because we are being recorded, so. You know, and I know there's friends and foes in the audience. Yes. Ah, wow, that's a great question. The most difficult thing is staying ahead of the game. So, technology moves at such a fast pace that if you're not moving faster, then you're gonna be behind. And that is, you know, I think the huge opportunity we have here in the US because, I mean, we are a country of innovators and the ability to let innovation turn into, I call it ideation of commercialization, letting that accelerate is gonna really, you know, be a driving force. But, you know, why did the US go from, I mean, we invented this entire industry, right? And now we only make 12% of the semiconductors. Part of that is because we lost our way, we stopped paying attention to what's important. You know, even Intel, a big Intel, I know it's Intel in the audience, you know, for a period of time, they weren't reinvesting in technology. I mean, Intel was always the one pacing Moore's Law, they created Moore's Law. And if you're not reinvesting, then you're gonna get behind. And so, you have to remain focused on the core objective. And this is a technology-centric industry, so you gotta constantly be invested in technology. And by the way, invest in your people, too. Yes. So companies like AMD, Intel, MediaTek, et cetera, do a lot of, like, logic design. What do you think is the most exciting thing about manufacturing over the other aspects of semi-common manufacturing? Yeah, well, again, manufacturing, whether it's a nano-sensor or a three-nanometer processor, it's all about, you know, atomic-level manufacturing. I mean, the reality is things that we make, you can't really see. I mean, we have very sophisticated pieces of equipment. So, you know, and I'll just give you my personal anecdote. I was at AMD competing against Intel. I didn't think there was anything in the world beyond a microprocessor. I was kind of like, oh yeah, all those other technologies. That's boring why it doesn't even matter until I stop making microprocessors. So you can be making an analog device on half micron that's just as challenging in many ways as making it in advance to a microprocessor. It's just all a matter of the problems you're trying to solve. And that's where, again, that chart that I showed, all this investment goes into advanced node. There's all these other technologies that are star for investment. That's why Burke is such a powerful force and innovation in our country is because they're working on a lot of the other stuff. And the other stuff is really what's gonna drive this next wave of computation I talked about. So it's really a matter of the types of problems you wanna solve. I can tell you, we have a lot of engineers who every day come into SkyWater and have very challenging problems to solve. And it's not going from a three nanometer to an 18-angstrom processor. It's trying to make that Rockley device work, which is a photonics device, which is extremely complicated and involves not just one chip, but like putting many chips together. And they all have to fit into a watch or the smart ring. You guys heard of the smart ring? I'll do my smart ring advertisement. You gotta have a smart ring. Doesn't make you smarter, but it tells you all the problems you have. But again, think of what's all electronics in this thing, and battery management systems, power devices, power MOSFETs are exploding right now. GAN technology is gonna be huge and none of this has to do with making 18-angstrom transistors. So it's all relative. And by the way, digital has been the focus. You know, digitization is what we've really been doing. Now it's all connecting the analog world to the digital world. And that's really what Skywater's all about. Yep, yep, go ahead. Intense, well, it's, yeah, it's very intense. It's very, you know, you gotta be self-sufficient. But the pace is very, you know, high-frequency, there's, you can't be, you know, put it this way, the train's moving at a high velocity. If you choose to get off it, then getting back on it, recognize you're gonna be down the road. And so you have to, you know, there's a lot of people that burn out in our industry because it never stops, right? And so, but as I said earlier, it's addictive too. So the pace of innovation, the pace of change makes it very exciting. Like what could be more boring than going and making bread or making, you know, widgets or whatever you wanna call it. I mean, I don't know, it just seems very boring to me. But, you know, we all have to have bread, of course. But, you know, the idea of being in a fast-paced industry where change is a constant is what semiconductor's all about. So it's like I said with the accountants. It's, you know, some people like that. But if you like high intensity, never boring, then high tech is, and it's not just semiconductor, it's high tech in general. So, yes. What expertise do you feel the semiconductor industry is lacking that students should be focusing on right now? Great question. And a lot of it is what you guys are doing, material science, chemical engineering, combined with data science and engineering analytics, right? So, most problems, like back when I was going to school, we actually, you know, did everything by hand, believe it or not. And now everything's on computer. And so, being able to have like data science know-how coupled with engineering semiconductor know-how, that's a huge advantage. Because it allows you to solve problems quicker, take advantage. I mean, AI is gonna become commonplace in semiconductor design. Google, the reason Google is doing what they're doing is because they want to use AI to design computer chips. Because they're pretty convinced you don't need humans to do anything. But think about it, because you have AI, now you can take a very complicated design and with AI, you can accelerate how long it takes to get that design to market. And so, having a combination of, you know, like when I was getting my degree, I took a lot of math and statistics. I think I even have an advanced math, mathematics degree somewhere along the way that I don't even pay attention to. I probably should now, because it would be very marketable, but back in the day it was like math, who cares. But so, combination of math, you know, computer science and engineering, some kind of engineering discipline, like I'm biased towards chemical, electrical, but semiconductor engineering, it's perfect. Perfect combination. But make sure you pay attention to data science. Yes, there's one in the back there. So, go ahead in the back, we'll start there. Yeah, that's actually a good investor relations question there, but I'll just give you broad terms. So, aerospace and defense is a big, you know, area for us, that's about 30%. And then we do automotive, industrial, IOT, med devices, and advanced computation, those kind of make up the rest of the verticals, and I would say the rest are kind of equally distributed amongst those other areas. We don't really give out the fine lines. And since it is being recorded. But about 30% is all through DOD. And the DOD sees a lot of things, like the Google initiative that we mentioned was actually a spin out of a government-funded initiative that we did. So that's part of our strategy, actually. Okay, question over here? That's even a better question. So my grandpa was a chemist. He worked for a company called Tums. You guys ever heard of Tums? You'll learn more about Tums as you get older. So he said, oh, be a chemist. And I went to look at how much money chemists make and I said, I don't know, that's not... So I said, I'll be a chemical engineer. So that's it. Nothing more scientific than that. But it worked out well. Yes. Well, I love sky water, obviously. But it's just how fast-paced it is. And it's never dull. And you get to meet extraordinary people, doing extraordinary things. And you get to watch your ideas become reality in your lifetime. And literally, like the Rockley example, three years ago, they came to us with an idea to develop a photonics device for the data center. And then three years later, we're making a photonics device for smartwatches and wearable bands. Nothing to do with the original intent. And it's just constant change. And that's, again, why a lot of people in our industry are in it for the long haul, because once you get in it, like I said, anywhere else is boring. Yes? Oh, yeah, absolutely. Now we do have, because we do stuff for the DoD, there's certain restrictions in terms of who we can hire and who we can't. But I'll let you talk to our HR department who's right here about that. And part of it is there's a, as I said, there's a lot of the work we do is classified. And so as a result, we have to be a, somewhat narrows who we can go after, which is somewhat of a challenge. But if you're international, and you know, depending upon the work that we're doing, it's certainly an option. Yep, good. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Tom. I think I will just say that as somebody that does chip design for AI and IoT for my day job, you know, a lot of this was music my ears. The second thing I will add is, you know, you mentioned the Google Open PDK and the relationship with Eve Hables in Sky Water. I wanted to share that in our new semiconductor degrees program when we have it up and running, any student that chooses to specialize in chip design will have an opportunity to design a chip, go through Eve Hables and have silicon brought up through your process, right? And so we're very excited about that, that developing initiative. We'll keep you updated on that. So we'll switch gears a little bit and I don't want to take too much time here, but I, what I did want to do was quickly flip through, you know, the list of companies, the list of 27 so semiconductor companies, we don't have slides from all of them, but at least a good subset of them. And I won't really be describing everything that's on the slide, but this is really to give you just a quick glimpse of the company names and a quick snapshot of the information that they have there in terms of what they do so that in the networking reception that we have immediately following this, you'll have an opportunity to sort of go and talk to them, right? So watch out for things that look interesting to you on a slide and, you know, note the company name and you can go talk to their reps right after this, right? And so we'll, and this will also give you a good idea of the breadth of opportunities in terms of the wide spectrum of employers and the wide spectrum of activities that the semiconductor ecosystem comprises of. Aeroliquid is a, you know, company that, you know, specializes in carrier gas production as well as, you know, a lot of, you know, chemicals as well as equipment to apply those chemicals in the semiconductor industry. So they're here today, we're, you know, very happy to have them here. And they're looking for, you know, both, you know, intern positions as well as new college graduates, right? So if, you know, that's some of the things that you see here on the slide look interesting for you, you know, make sure that you do talk to them. Amazon and Amazon web services, right? Many of you perhaps thought that Amazon was a software-only company, which is not true. So Amazon and AWS, you know, they're here. And as you see here on the top left of the slide, they have a broad spectrum of semiconductor activities. They do chip design, verification, right? AI, ML, security, sort of focused chip design. So very happy to have them here. So please make sure that you're, that's the domain that you're interested in. Please make sure you go talk to them. Applied materials, right? Almost going the other end of the spectrum. You know, there's a leader in materials engineering solutions, you know, and, you know, equipment. And you can see on the bottom right, the majors that they hire from, right? So, and you can pretty much see a lot of these and hopefully environmental engineering will be on there too. So that's applied materials for you. You know, Draper is another interesting one. You know, they're an independent nonprofit and, you know, their mission is really to support and defend democracy around the world by solving the most challenging important technology problems. And as you can see from some of the things that they do, it's really, again, a pretty broad spectrum from data analytics and machine learning all the way to, you know, guidance, navigation and control systems. So they're, again, hiring for all positions, internships, you know, full-time jobs from bachelor's, master's, as well as PhD. Global Foundries, yes, Tom, you have to talk about some of these, some of these friends and friends. So, you know, Global Foundries is also, you know, a fab and they provide process technology solutions higher in, you know, across a range of engineering disciplines and they're hiring both interns, new college graduates, experienced professionals, right, so, you know, for a number of their sites, both their fabs as well as their offices in Austin and Santa Clara. Hemlock Semiconductors, another sort of, you know, very interesting company, leading producer of high-purity polysilicon products for electronics as well as solar power industries. And again, pretty broad swath of jobs, you know, from manufacturing to reliability and, you know, quality control material scientists. They're seeking summer interns for 2023 at the IR and have several other open positions listed on their website. Infineon is, you know, pretty broad. They do design, you know, fab equipment materials, et cetera, and also hiring both internships, sort of new graduates, as well as, you know, something pretty interesting, which is a regional graduate program, which is a rotational program in the United States. That sounds interesting. Make sure they have about 30, 40, you know, graduate and 50 intern positions that they have available. Intel, you've all heard of Intel, of course. And anything from AI to software to fab to design, I think Intel has positions available. You know, undergraduate or graduate, you really apply for jobs at their website and they do plan to be here on October 19th for on-campus interviews. Marvel Semiconductor is a fabulous semiconductor supplier, so they basically do design. And so they're looking for people that can do ASIC design, SOC design, FPGA, based design engineers, software firmware engineers, you know, analog circuit designers, post-silicon pre and post-silicon validation engineers and stuff, again, pretty broad and large program that they have, about 100 plus interns during 2023. And, you know, those of you who are looking for internships, let's make sure we fill up, you know, not just for Marvel, but, you know, all these other companies, as many as possible with Boilermakers. Micron is here. Micron, again, does, goes everything from, you know, design to fab, you know, equipment, materials that are primarily focused on memory and, you know, have lots of positions open for internships, co-op, you know, gear, full-time jobs, both at undergraduate as well as a PhD. They have flexible start dates with, you know, flexible periods for internships in co-op kind of positions and a broad, you know, set of possibilities in terms of location. Reliable Microsystems is a systems design company. They support semiconductor infrastructure needs through system level, circuit level, as well as technology level design. And they have 10 open positions for anywhere from engineering interns to junior staff engineers to all the way through senior project managers and, you know, they're small, but growing quite fast. Seagate have locations worldwide, you know, if, you know, and if you've had storage solutions, you quite likely have used a Seagate storage solution, you know, before, have locations in the U.S. as well as internationally and they're hiring internships as well as entry-level full-time jobs in worldwide locations. Jobs.seagate.com is where you really want to visit to, you know, apply for some of those. We've heard a lot about Sky Water. You know exactly where the Sky Water team is positioned. So feel free to come hit them up for opportunities. There you go. The slide was updated, at least here. Synopsys has a motto of powering the new era of smart everything from silicon to software. So a synopsys makes, you know, design software that helps design chips as well as a whole bunch of other, you know, interesting intellectual property solutions that they have. They have a very broad IP portfolio that helps people put chips together. And again, synopsys has, you know, quite a deep and growing relationship with Purdue and lots of opportunities for internships as well as new college grad opportunities. So we're very glad that synopsys is here today. TSMC, another fab, you know, powerhouse. And, you know, there are, many of you who have heard the big announcements of TSMC, you know, bringing back some manufacturing capacity to the US with their new location site in Arizona. And they have a lot of opportunities. They're hiring new college graduates with sort of many roles available at their new Arizona facility. And they have a new intern program that they're going to be announcing for their TSMC Arizona site. So stay tuned for that. Pleasure to welcome them to campus. TI, you know, many of you are familiar with TI, you know, with your calculators, but they do, you know, quite a broad spectrum of activity from design to fabrication and assembly, sort of all company-owned, you know, they, you know, fabricate their own chips. Lots of locations and lots of different types of jobs in engineering as well as other disciplines such as manufacturing, finance, you know, packaging quality and all that. Hiring lots of positions and I, you know, had to do a double take when I looked at that and said they have 3,000 positions that they have available that they're hiring for. So I think that just goes to underscore one of the points that Tom was mentioning, that there's an acute need for talent in the space, right? So all of these companies are looking to, you know, hire the best and the brightest. That's all of you in the room. Tokyo Electron is a leading global company of semiconductor and flat panel display production equipment. Tom referred to them as well and we're glad to have them here. And again, hiring PS, MS, PhD. So regardless of whether you're an undergrad student or graduate student, lots of intern co-op as well as, you know, full-time positions available with them. And finally, I wanted to end with something which is in-house, which is the scale program, right? For those of you that have not heard, the scale program is a DOD-supported and DOD-funded workforce development initiative. It provides students with opportunities and defense microelectronics. It's really a consortium of a large number of universities, federal employers, and defense industry companies. So if you're here on campus and would like to get involved with scale, the person you should be talking to is Professor Peter Burmel, who is the PI, who's right here, you see his hand going up. Feel free to talk to Peter about opportunities for getting involved in research across very, pretty wide spectrum of disciplines and types of positions in research, whether you're an undergraduate student or a graduate student. And for some of our industrial partners, if you'd like to be part of the scale consortium, please do see Peter. I think he would welcome your participation as well in terms of growing the scale ecosystem. I think I'll stop with this and you will get a lot of opportunity to network with many of everybody that's here and more, including several that are not on my set of slides. But before we do that, I do want to turn it over to my colleague, Professor Mohamed Zasen, to talk about something, an exciting new initiative that we have as part of the semiconductor degrees program, which is a new course on Introduction to Semiconductors, all yours. Hi, everyone. You can hear me, right? Okay, so I'm Mohamed Zasen. I'm one of the newest professors in Purdue campus, but I am one of the oldest people in the fab. I spent 10,000 hours in three years during my PhD inside the fab, so I exactly am a fab rat. But I can tell you that you are going to enjoy every single second. I do recognize that physically it's exhausting. When mentally it's always stimulating. So that is the part of checks and balancing. So now you have been shown about the dreams of what's really happening. So I'm going to actually give you the first gateway, the how you can enter into these, like the how you can realize your dreams and you associate your dreams. So we are going to introduce a new course, which is the Introduction to Semiconductors. This is a one creator course that we have designed in conjunction, in consultation with our semiconductor industry partners from Apple, Intel, Micron applied materials. So what we are going to do, this is going to be an interactive session. They are going to have a dozen plus semiconductor industries and their representatives. They are going to basically discuss on different topics which includes from logic microprocessors to designing the semiconductor electronics to sustainable semiconductor manufacturing process. We didn't forget the environmental engineering part. My wife is an environmental engineer. And those of you who are really fascinated about the drones, the automobile industry, the Tesla and all the EVs, there will be many more chips inside all these automobiles and obviously the digital healthcare. So I don't know when we are going to call it the fifth or sixth revolution, but your healthcare technology is going to be having tons of chips, okay? So this is the course and this is going to be on Wednesdays from next semester, so which is 2023, I spring semester 4.30 p.m. It's going to be in our engineering, the Dean's building, so College of Engineering building there, arms 1010. So I would like to actually encourage you all so that you go and you register for this course. You are not going to lose your points or anything like that. This is really the relaxed state of things, not only the pizzas and so on and so forth. I will try to actually make sure that you have also like all the healthy options and unhealthy options, like beyond pizzas, okay? So our next part is let's say that you have completed that. So what do you do next, right? So we would like to prepare you so that you become an asset as someone who the semiconductor industries are looking for. So we would like to actually give you the opportunity for this summer program, which we are calling the summer training on awareness and readiness for semiconductors, the stars, and the star is you. So the way that it will work, it's a 10 weeks long semiconductor skill development program, it will have two tracks. One track is on semiconductor manufacturing. In that track, you will be interacting a lot with me or my colleagues who basically work in this area. And if you chose the other track, which is the chip design, then you will be working with my good friend, Vijay and his cohort, okay? So for the semiconductor manufacturing, there are four things that we will be focusing on. So each of these modules, they're going to actually keep you engaged for two weeks. So you can say 80 hours in two weeks. So basically that's going to be the IC fabrication, packaging, material and device characterization. So we are going to have in the beginning, the first one in summer 2023, 50 rising sophomore modes who have completed introduction to semiconductors. So that course, the course that I just talked about. And the idea is to empower you for the internships in semiconductor industries after sophomore year. So we would like to bring you and to give you the exposure early on. And the learning components, we are going to have at least, like you know the four different learning components so that basically that gives you the opportunities to get engaged because you might not the one way of learning. So there is going to be the online tutorial. They are going to be the virtual fab based training. So you basically, as if you are inside a clean room and you can be trained on there, there will be video tutorial and then finally the hands-on training when I was a bit young at that point. So those are the four components that you will be exposed to during the process of. This is going to be a paid opportunity. Means that you will also get payment. So this is not something that unpaid, you just go and like on the work there. So I welcome you all to both of these opportunities and then there will be many more to talk about in context of the semiconductor certification, specialization, online degree program, and obviously our, the traditional masters and bachelors and concentration programs and so on and so forth. So we all are all here, like you know the week we can talk more as we go outside, but these are the two takeaway message for you. So go please register for that's introduction to semiconductor course and then when you are done with that, like you know the don't forget for the starts program. Thank you so much.