 The importance of landscape and heritage recording and documentation with optical remote sensing sensors is well recognized at international level. The continuous development of new sensors, data capture methodologies, and multi-resolution 3D representations contribute significantly to the digital 3D documentation, mapping, conservation and representation of landscapes and heritages and to the growth of research in this field. This article reviews the actual optical 3D measurement sensors and 3D modeling techniques with their limitations and potentialities, requirements, and specifications. Examples of 3D surveying and modeling of heritage sites and objects are also shown throughout the paper. This article was authored by Fabio Riemondino.