 The development of enzymes for industrial applications relies heavily on the use of microorganisms. Extremophilic microorganisms represent an underutilized and innovative source of novel enzymes. Extremophile-derived enzymes, or extremosymes, are able to catalyze chemical reactions under harsh conditions, like those found in industrial processes. This article was authored by Felipe Isarmiento, Rocio E. Peralta, Jenny M. Blamey, and others.