 YouTube channel Daniel Rosell Jerusalem and Israel unpacked is the full name of this YouTube channel My name is Daniel Rosell bringing you this video today from Jerusalem And I just want to say quickly as I said in my last video which went up yesterday Shifting direction slightly on this YouTube channel. I've been doing a lot of vids recently about Ireland and Israel their reaction to what's going on here and trying to highlight some Extremist discourse and as I said yesterday if I'm doing that activity darling and to push it off to a separate YouTube channel, so let's get back to talking about Jerusalem and Israel and trying to dive a little bit deeper than what's on the news headlines That is my mission here. So today I want to showcase some interesting research carried out by Mechon Yerushalayim Lamecha Chay Meduni youth that was horrible This is a real difficult one to pronounce in Hebrew. It's the Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research and They put out these kind of yearly statistical fact books that contain really a ton of really interesting information About the climate in Jerusalem. So I'm gonna just kind of go through that But first I thought I would just set the scene a little bit by talking about who these people are It's the Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research They were established in 1979 and it's a leading and influential research and thought Institute that issues from Jerusalem a sustainable social economic and spatial doctrine the Institute is where is where reality shapers turn to I'm just gonna bring up this text a little bit in order to promote and define policy issues in Israel and In Jerusalem in particular The issue the Institute's mission. So basically I would call this a think tank Maybe you're slightly more progressive leaning think tank the Institute's mission is to influence policy design Decision-making processes planning processes and strategy and the primary target audience that the Institute's work with to realize this mission Are a decision and policy makers on the local and national level? Civil society organizations the private sector and the general public that is interested in urban planning public policy and human geography The Institute produces in-depth informed products that enable these audience to form their positions and activities in a rational manner Based on understanding broad context and implications Very very nice Information about them. So this is the latest Edition of their facts and trends yearbook in English It's a 34 page PDF and I'm just going to be going through a little bit of its its insights in order to as I said pluck them out So you can see the people here on the board of directors led by its director general Dr. David Corrin who many years ago. I actually did an internship at the mayor's office during the marriage of Near Barcat in Jerusalem before he went into national politics and Dr. David Corrin I believe I actually shared an office with them for that summer and he is he was at the time the The strategic advisor on Arabic affairs to the Jerusalem municipality under the Barcat Morship and now he's doing this. So this is called Jerusalem facts and trends 2023 the state of the city and changing trends Just in terms of biases, I do want to just point out something That this the publication was made possible possible through the general generous support of our partners and Those familiar with Israel will recognize the Jerusalem municipalities logo up there So there is they if you know, I would say as a sort of former journalist you always have to look at the money flows when you're trying to obsess Objectivity and the Jerusalem municipality has funded the publication of this So to the extent that you'd hope that they'd be critical of the municipalities policy, I would say that's not ideal But it's good that they at least disclose that That in the area. So this is in 2021 the Jerusalem divided according to its main neighborhoods and population groups and as you know, I've remarked commonly Jerusalem is an extremely complicated city and I think it's actually easier to think of Jerusalem as three cities like the ones they have They call this general Jewish and what they mean by that is kind of a not herady Jewish herady for those not familiar is ultra orthodox Arab or East Jerusalem or Palestinian Jerusalem is is in orange highlight and They have here non residential area or missing data including some I would say are Like Harkhud's beam for instance is really this is the one here in the center Harkhud's beam is really kind of just an industrial estate So that's probably why it's those clad those classified give out RAM again. It's not really residential. That's why it's not classified it is a Hebrew University campus and sort of other stuff like that So this is just anyway an interesting way of looking at Jerusalem and of course as they point out There is Bethlehem to the south and there is Ramallah to the north and to the east is Malayadoumim and to the west for the Jerusalem Hills So the old city here is the core and in Arab East Jerusalem as you can see Isn't just East Jerusalem bait Hanina at the road to cover a cab Just a quick remark on cover a cab. It's it's really over the separation fence that Israel built Nevertheless, it's technically within the Jerusalem municipality boundaries. So that creates that makes it very problematic it's kind of a cesspool of Drugs and crime and whatnot Because the PA can't go in and Israel can't really go in either because of its own security barrier So East Jerusalem is the east of Jerusalem But bait Safafa is also technically part of Arab Jerusalem, even though it's really in the south So that's just important to point out and the neighborhoods that are considered not ultra orthodox or what they call general Jewish Talpeo, Tarnona, Gilo, Harchoma, Irganim, Inkerem, Rechavia, Nachleot And then this isn't really perfect because the city center classifying that as ultra ultra orthodox Heredia would take issue with that but certainly Romema Gheola, so the kind of ultra orthodox part of Jerusalem if you will the Heredia part of Jerusalem is Kind of this part of the north of the city center Stretching up to Ramot alone and I would say that's overall pretty accurate so I'm going to try focus mostly on just kind of the the latest stuff and not stuff that has remained the case for time memorial or you know as of 2021 Jerusalem's Jurisdictional territory is 126 square kilometers By way of comparison Tel Aviv is 54. So Jerusalem is actually more than double the size of Tel Aviv And is Israel's most popular city, but again Take that chart we looked at previously and chop this into three cities with East Jerusalem Regular Jerusalem and Heredia Jerusalem, and I think I think that's a more accurate representation The climate in 2022 Nothing really extraordinarily extraordinarily interesting here. It was kind of the same now We get to the much more juicy stuff the population information so we can see here the Arab and Jewish population in Jerusalem trend lines between 1967 and 2021 And what we actually see is that the Jewish population in Jerusalem as a percentage of the city population Has been in steady decline. It was 74 percent Jewish in 1967 And in 2021 it got down to 61 percent. So the Arab sector in Jerusalem is actually growing total fertility rate in Jerusalem Over the last kind of couple of decades Arab fertility has been shrinking a bit and Jewish and other fertility has been expanding a bit This is very interesting to sources of migration to and from Jerusalem Uh, so this is based on I had to look up the Hebrew version because it stated it where it doesn't state here in 2021 in migration Of 12,000 People to Jerusalem in that year comprising among them 3700 Olim Khadashim 1600 Israelis returning from abroad and 800 who were family reunification but out migration migrants from Jerusalem to 23,000 rounding up Uh, and people leaving to go to other countries was too So the uh, you know, basically we're talking about here A net picture of out migration Of about 6,000 people. So this has been reflecting a trend Going on for years whereby Jerusalem is losing people and why is Jerusalem losing people, especially young people lack of jobs And I would say mostly I mean you can see here look at look at the poverty rates as well the extent of poverty in Jerusalem in Israel and Jerusalem So the Israel poverty rate for Jews is 16 percent But in in uh, Jerusalem, it's 31 The poverty rate of Arabs in Jerusalem is higher. The baseline is 40 nationwide In Jerusalem at 60. So both Jews and Arabs are affected to poverty to a greater extent in Jerusalem than in the rest of the of the country So the population of Jerusalem does continue to to grow in 2021 Jerusalem was um had 590,000 Jews And 375,000 Arabs. So we're basically getting very close to the one million Mark, I think we might have actually passed it since then and there are 282,000 Haridim Living in uh, Jerusalem Haridim the ultra orthodox. So we can see the city is still It's still growing. So what do all these things tell us together? Well, um, the population of the city is growing despite the fact that current residents are actually leaving And those two contradictions can be explained by the birth rate being high Uh in Jerusalem the fertility rate and the poverty rate is up there too This is another interesting chart here, uh showing the population How many Jews live in east Jerusalem and how many Arabs live in west Jerusalem? And we can see here, uh, that the amount of Arabs is tiny. It's 5,000 living in west Jerusalem versus 354,000 uh, Jews living there, uh, but in east Jerusalem there are 237,000 Jews living there and that would be predominantly in settlements like Malay Zaitim In other words and the the definition of east and west here goes according to the green line Um, the average household size in 2022 among Jerusalem's Jewish pop started 3.3 persons Compared to us three is the national average Uh, and the Arabs, uh 4.7 almost five people per house compared with four So they have bigger households, uh than Jews in Jerusalem Jerusalem's population is significantly younger than the population of Israel's major cities In 2021 the median age of Jerusalem residents stood at just 24 years old Compared to us 36, which is already quite young among Tel Aviv and 39 among Haifa Among Israel's population at large the median age was 30 So Jerusalem's median, uh, population age is, uh, is about younger But it's actually coming Coming most even the Arab sector, Jerusalem's Jewish population is older than its Arab population We can see the age structure here of Jerusalem's populations split between again Jews and, uh, and Arabs So we can see what kind of age groups are, uh, are living in the city here And I would speculate that the possibly part of this is that it's very common for new immigrants I'm in my 30s 34 to be precise It's very common for new immigrants to kind of start their time in Israel in Jerusalem and for some Israelis to study in Jerusalem And then really to move to Tel Aviv, uh, as soon as you're finished your education Or you can leave your home just because the jobs are still in Tel Aviv and the Merkaz the Merkaz is the center of Israel Um, so I would say that's probably the reason we're seeing right people kind of the Around 30 to 34 is we're seeing it begin to really contract, uh, that age pyramid there So, uh religious identification Jewish population 20 or older in Israel, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Haifa So in Jerusalem, we have, um, 35% ultra orthodox Harry Deem. That's the green highlight here Compared to just 10% on average in Israel and in Tel Aviv 1% So very few ultra orthodox in Tel Aviv and just 4% in Haifa So in Tel Aviv, the biggest Jewish cohort is what are called loosely traditionally, sorry, secular non religious 70% in Tel Aviv versus only 20% in Jerusalem Loosely traditional observant 13% Jerusalem, uh, 14% Tel Aviv and traditionally observant, which is often I think mass or tea 12% Tel Aviv 12% in Jerusalem. I'm probably in this, uh, that's probably my cohort the traditionally observant I'm certainly not ultra religious. Uh, I don't uh, I'm not wouldn't qualify really as a dati That's religiously observant 20% in Jerusalem So I'm, uh, in this 12% group, uh, mortality 74% in 2021 were Jewish death And you can see the fertility rates. Again, I'm just really kind of skimming through this here So migration to Jerusalem as we, as you mentioned before the total of 12,000 new residents moved to Jerusalem from other localities in Israel or I think outside of Israel as well This number was higher than the previous year's figure of 11,000, obviously not by a Gigantic amount and a markedly high proportion of in migrants came from Judea and Samaria 12,2800 residents So where these people are coming from Judea and Samaria The central district and Tel Aviv migration from Jerusalem in 2021 a total of 23,000 residents migrated from Jerusalem to other localities in Israel That was significantly higher than 2020. So these are that this is what I would kind of um Underline here is an important finding, right? That that's a jump of 4,000 year on year there from 2021 from 2020 to 2021 So uh, Jerusalem really needs to look at What it's doing in terms of uh of retaining people A markedly high proportion of the out migrants left for localities in the Jerusalem district So again, I would say when we're talking about Jerusalem district. We're also talking about a lot of the kind of um Kibbutzim and Moshe Avim just outside of Jerusalem Within commuting distance where people can just get much better value And we're seeing in Jerusalem a huge Surfeit of luxury development and extremely expensive housing and these factories are pushing people Uh people out of the city The six look so where do they go the six localities that drew the largest number of out migrants from Jerusalem where unsurprisingly? I would say Bateshemish in number one Bateshemish is about 40 minutes. I'm gonna say outside of Jerusalem by car a very nice place. Um Quite anglo-centric a lot of English speakers And again, this is just reflective of people maybe working in Jerusalem but looking for cheaper accommodation We see Tel Aviv. I'm surprised actually the Tel Aviv is Relatively far down, but we're still not talking about vast wards of people here 1500 versus 3,500 that would be for mostly employment and I would say also secular people tired of the What some people might perceive as religious coercion in Jerusalem And then other people went to Maudine Mavitseris Among the out migrants from Jerusalem 35 percent were young people and young adults age 15 to 29 and children 26 percent of those out migrants were aged Uh 30 to 64 and five were above 65 So basically once people are at that age they seem to stick in Jerusalem But it's common to get out of Jerusalem in your 20s and 30s, um and even earlier in uh in israel Let's go back to the report And this is all that plotted on uh trends lines In 2021 so let's talk about aliyah immigration from other countries to israel In 2021 the number of immigrants who chose Jerusalem as their first place of residence in israel was the highest among israel cities So this report is full of I would say contradictions or things that are kind of hard to understand together Uh, which is why you're going through it. So that's actually quite successful in terms So the I would say the picture is one of failure in retaining the population at large But they're actually having success in aliyah and 2021 3,700 people came into jerusalem Uh by comparison 3,300 chose tal Aviv and 2000 chose Haifa So not a vast number of immigrants, but still drew some technically one Uh the immigrants who chose to live in jerusalem accounted for 40 14 percent of all immigrants to israel Among immigrants who chose jerusalem as their first place of residence in israel during that year a notable proportion came from the us 35 percent France 22 russia 7 percent Uh and at the national level by comparison the main countries from which immigrants to israel came were russia 30 France in the u.s. So basically jerusalem remains a popular outside sized proportionately popular choice among um actually u.s and french immigrants um and people folks from ukraine tend to be going more to other people other places i should say in uh in israel and we can see the trends here between 2020 and 2021 jerusalem's in green and uh, you know kind of going broadly up As well as tal Aviv and Haifa. So as these are all kind of on the general increase, I guess we can determine that probably Less and less people are choosing You know not the the cities Are the main cities of jerusalem tal Aviv and Haifa are remaining as the kind of most popular choices among Uh among immigrants jerusalem is one of the poorest cities of israel 40 percent are in poverty 39 percent of the families um And it's that's significantly higher than israel at large with 21 percent of the families Are in uh are in poverty That's the highest among israeli cities was ben abrak in second place Poverty is particularly prevalent among heredim and arab populations, which are characterized by large families Among jerusalem now this is a really interesting stat among jerusalem's serrati population 43 percent were living below the poverty line. That's almost one and two. That is huge um A slightly higher figure than the poverty radio among israel's heredity population and here's another stunning figure among jerusalem's arab population 60 percent were living below the poverty line So 40 percent of the ultra orthodox and 60 percent of the heredity. Those are shocking numbers Um, and we can see here that just compared to tal Aviv with 12 percent jerusalem is up there was ben abrak also highly religious And those are really on a kind of level of their own Quite higher than even ash doda 20 21 percent. So poverty is a big problem in jerusalem big big problem Education in uh 2021 183 thousand students were enrolled in in jerusalem's heber education system Uh, i'm gonna skip over this. I find it less interesting personally A metropolitan area consists of localities that maintain functional relations with one other in particular with the principal city The metropolitan localities are classified into rings. So the jerusalem metropolitan area is the second largest metro area in israel after tal Aviv um, and in 2021 that had 1.4 million So the city itself is just crawling up on one and the metro area, uh gets us up to 1.4 The jerusalem metro area is composed of the metro core, which is jerusalem city and an outer ring that comprises two sectors Uh, the jerusalem metropolitan area contained 80 residential localities with um 966 thousand residents and the outer ring in 437 thousand residents So that is uh interesting. So they divide the metro areas into the urban core and the outer ring and the inner ring where those exists Now let's take a look at employment rates in jerusalem So the participation participation rate among the main working ages 25 to 64 in jerusalem 70 percent of men and um, sorry, let's look at the jewish sector on the left where we have 70 and 83 and really actually the group that stands out is significantly Uh, unemployed is arab women only 20 percent of arab Women age 25 to 64 in jerusalem are participating in the labor force Versus 80 percent of men. So that speaks to something interesting. I think about the arab jewish society Uh, basically in only one of every four Families, do we have uh a dual income family where the woman's working as well? And in three quarters of families, uh, the male is the sole bread earner Here's a curious one overnight stays by foreign tourists and Israelis at hotels in jerusalem televieve and elat Uh, elat is much more popular But jerusalem and televieve are kind of equally popular both and these trends are Well, I was going to say for jerusalem and televieve is kind of a similar picture for both But for elat much more popular among uh, among israelis was 97 percent of hotel stays Uh, coming from domestic tourism. So there's 42,000 students enrolled at different colleges in jerusalem with 22,000 out of those at hebra u 40,000 at the more vocationally oriented academic colleges and uh six See 300 a teacher training colleges apartment sales in jerusalem by apartment size Uh, so interestingly 2.5 to three bedroom apartments Or sorry, I should say room apartments are the most popular Uh, and this is 2022 figures versus 2021 here um So, you know people living in sort of modest Dwellings by and large in jerusalem four point four point five rooms are more large properties in the minority here labor force participation In 2022 the labor force participation rate among jerusalem residents of the main working age does 67 percent And and that again is including both jews arabs men women and we've seen where those discrepancies come from previously Now here is the labor force participation rate for jerusalem residents age 25 to 64. They're what they call the working age heredium non heredity jews and arabs, okay 81 percent of arabs 85 percent of non heredity jews and in the in the working group are working Uh, only however 45 percent of heredium men. That's a one big discrepancy and again a very major discrepancy in arab women with 84 percent of uh jewish And 81 percent of heredity women both working but only 27 percent of Uh of the arab women again that that strikes to me is the demographic that is uh sort of uh voluntarily staying out of the workforce So for 30 145 900 employed people were working in jerusalem 8 percent of the all the employment in israel And where do people work? What kind of jobs do people work in jerusalem? Next question now we see women and men is uh is uh is Is green and blue and education professional services trades Accommodation transportation construction now what we're seeing very noticeably right as I would say a surface of an education would include jewish education so women are as you can see um, sort of disproportionately involved in Working in the education sector and working in human health services in israel But the percentage of high tech in israel is is pretty pitiful Uh for women, it's less than five percent and for men. It's kind of looks like about seven percent to me working in the Lucratively paid high tech now. They don't show this for televiva. I'd be very interested to see a comparison I'd imagine we'd see a very different picture Uh higher education, um, according to university students by degree Hebrew is kind of the second one in the city there after televive you So you can kind of get started to get a bit of a sense more for the kind of relatively poor economic performance of jerusalem All right, quite a few students And most people who are working Are working and I would say by and large Lowly compensated jobs are lower compensated jobs. This is the high tech Industry is the are where the well-paid jobs in israel are and we're seeing less, you know That's figure hovering around five percent. So that is just one area where jerusalem really really needs more jobs um These tourism jobs exist in high numbers in 2022 jerusalem at 86 tourist hotels With a room stock of 11 000 guest rooms And that's bringing some money into the city foreign tourists have been Uh doing more, uh, you know as you'd expect Some domestic tourism as well and a bit of a dip there in I believe that's the corona year When foreign tourists were, uh, basically not allowed into israel. So that's why In that particular, uh point in time we see that gap housing and construction 24 thousand 224 243 thousand A 200 residential apartments and 20 22 construction was completed Average price for privately owned 3.5 to four room apartments in israel jerusalem televieve in hypha, right? The trend is going up across the board. But the trend in jerusalem is going up surprisingly Uh somewhere between that of televieve and the national trend. So both we're seeing both, uh, jerusalem Here in green and televieve here in purple are, uh, you know Exceeding the national trend and the national trend line is orange there. So only hypha of the major cities is below it So, uh, jerusalem is just too expensive. And again, I think that's reflected In the out migration we're seeing to those commuter towns. That's my run through of the 2023 jerusalem yearbook I know that was kind of a rapid fire Run through but I think some really interesting stats to be gleaned out of that and I look forward to doing this video again When the next policy books come out from the jipr I encourage people to check out the research of the jerusalem Institute for policy research at jerusalem Institute. Oh or g. I l thanks for watching guys until the next video