 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education and Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, at this Kanna Girls degree college, University of Allahabad. And it is my email ID, this one, and the rector will be in bilingual mode as usual. And today I'm going to discuss a topic under the theme of you can say digital revolution or digital education or digitalization, that is digital transparency. It is somewhat new term, less people are aware about it and the lector will be useful as usual. So let's start. First of all, digital transparency. You can say that you have a lot of data, your personal information, people have it, because you have touched a link, you have made a form, so what is the concept of digital transparency? Let's start from where? Let's start with Knowledge Society. Why? Because in the 21st century, where we live, there is knowledge society. That is, the society of knowledge, that is why it has been thought that everything is based on knowledge. So what is the hierarchy of knowledge? The bottom line of it is data. From data, what is data? Given context. Data is the context data that creates information, information given me. It creates knowledge and when knowledge gives insight, it becomes wisdom. From here, data signals, no nothing. Data does not give you any idea. But information, what you can say that organized data is information. It is useful, it is structured. The knowledge is contextually synthesized learning. And what are the requirements of wisdom? Understanding or integrated or action-able? That is, knowledge will not work, we have wisdom to do action, what are we going to do? But still everything is based on this data. You can say that this is the power of data, which rest in the knowledge society on all the data. Better interpret the role of knowledge in our modern society. In 1989, Professor Ekhoff designed a hierarchical pyramid, which finds its base in data. He created a hierarchical pyramid, which said that everything was based on this data. With knowledge, wisdom becomes wisdom and we have wisdom. In 2004, another schema was developed to allow us to view data. Information and knowledge is distinct kinds of economic goods. That is to say, the data, the information, the knowledge is not academic, but it has become an economic goods. Because all the money is based on this. Then, basically information is an extraction from data. What is information? Data extracts something, that is the information. By modifying the relevant problem in the distributions, it has the capacity to perform useful work on an agent's knowledge base. If you extract the information, information will give you knowledge and wisdom. From here, you can link the role of data in the knowledge society. All this is clear. Data is important in the digital world. What is the importance of data in the digital world? So, what is the importance of data? Data becomes more and more important during the last decades. In the last 10 years, the importance of data has increased greatly. The Economist set in fact. The Economist says that the world's most valuable resource is no longer oil but data. Earlier it was said that it has raw oil. You can say that the world can control it. Because transportation will stop as long as it is not there. But now it is said that the most important resource is not only the fuel, but also the fuel, which has the most fuel. This is said in 2017. As anticipated by the Ekoff's Pyramid and stressed by David Mackendles, data can be identified not as the new oil but as the new soil. You can tell that the importance of data has increased in the digital youth. In the last decade, cloud, social and mobile technologies along with greater wireless broadband access around the globe have pushed digital technology into the mainstream of everyday life. Needless to say, there is no need to tell us how digital technology has become a part of our everyday life. The result of the increasing power and reach of digital technology is the creation of massive amounts of data. And it has created so much data. In fact, some researchers estimate that 90% of the data in the world has been created in just past two years. You can understand how much data has been created in the past two years. What is the problem again? Ethical challenges in digital technologies. This means that the data is important and you cannot go without it. But what is the issue now? The issue is that when we are using digital technology, how will we cope up with ethical challenges? How will we find out that we are doing the right thing, that we are doing the wrong thing, that we are not doing the right thing? Who will guide us about this? The omnipresence of digital technology in our daily life, which is a part of digital technology in our day to day life, has become part of our dynamic nature. Its use and its impact on organizations and individuals raises ethical questions. This has given the ethical questions about its role in the world society. What will be the ethical questions in this? Consent and privacy. I mean, our consent has been taken away from us for the usage of our data. How much portion will be private and how much will be open? What is the issue of security? What is the issue of inclusion and fairness? Protection from online. We give our data and then give our information. We create information from the data and no harm will be done to us online. We should be transparent. We should have accountability who has taken the data from us. All these issues emerge as ethical challenges when we use digital technology. Transparency and definition of the underlying moral values and perspectives is an essential step to develop and implement ethical processes. Transparency is important. Transparency is one of the pillars of digital trust. We can trust each other in digital youth. We need transparency. When we see whether our data is here or there, we can see that our data is not heated. How data is collected, managed and used is not just a legal issue, it is an ethical issue. How data is collected, managed, used will not be a legal issue. This has become an ethical issue. In the digital world, transparency and integrity must be the core values that guide professional behavior. When we talk about digital youth, digital society, transparency and integrity are the core values that guide our professional behavior. How do we behave professionally? Organizations must use data in responsible and ethical ways. Organizations who have learned your data have to handle it in a responsible manner. Now let's talk about digital transparency. Transparency has become a buzzword in the field of digital technology fueled by the increasing dominance of internet companies in public life and alongside their benefits, also their potential for causing harm to human rights. Transparency is a word that is widely used in digital technology. The more internet companies have dominated our public life, the more it has increased its value. Its benefits are there, but its potential harms the human rights violations. Transparency is an important characteristic of a distributed system as it makes their operation in the eyes of the user to be more friendly, easy and simply transparent. It is a condition where the material facts of an enterprise are made available in a timely and preferably reusable manner. They say that as much as your internet technology is it is an important characteristic and we should see in an easy, simply, transparent, friendly manner that the user should know what data is being done. The right to information act 2005 was enacted to promote transparency and accountability of every public authority by ensuring that citizens are able to secure access to information under the control of public authorities. The right to information act of the RTI Act was introduced in 2005 to increase transparency and accountability. That means that you can ask for any information from any office under the RTI Act. This was not so much of a digitalisation in 2005, but now it has become digital transparency. The right to information act is thus one of the most important tools and the disposal of the public to engage with and demand transparency and accountability from the government. Transparency drawing from the use of the term in relation to the universal right to freedom of information has a dual dimension. They are saying that the dual dimension of freedom of information covers arrangement for access to information and data as well as those for pro-active disclosure. The truth is that transparency is a multi-faceted concept in digital media and a mutually agreed standard definition does not currently exist. They are saying that transparency means dual dimension. They are saying that the amount of transparency will be the same as the amount of privacy and transparency. That is why the multi-faceted concept does not currently exist. Let's talk about online education. What is digital transparency? Transparency is a catalyst for interaction and participation that supports open learning in multiple disciplines and institutional contexts. They are saying that when we talk about multiple disciplines in an institutional context, it supports open learning. Why digital transparency? Because you can see my content. I can give you your content. Transparency promotes interactive, participatory and reflective spaces for creating and communicating information in collaborative Web 2.0 environment. If you have the knowledge of Web 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, then you will know that the main characteristic feature of Web 2 is cooperation. In Wikipedia, anyone can edit the site and reduce its context. There are clauses that you can do but no one can do it. This is a cooperative site. It is faster than collaboration. Transparency is the same as interactive, participatory, and reflective spaces for communicating information. According to the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization UNESCO, in 2011, Open Educational Resources. We have heard a lot about OER. Open Educational Resource is a material for reading. It is open. There is no boundary on it. Who is open? Transparency is open. Learning and research materials that are in the public domain. Public domain means that anyone can use it. And released with an intellectual property license that allows anyone to freely use it. You can adapt it. You can distribute it. There is only one clause in it that you have to give it due credit. This is not your material. The future progress of OERs will depend on our understanding of the relationship between transparency and pedagogy in Web 2.0 and mobile environments. Transparency and pedagogy depend on the understanding of the relationship between OERs. Transparency is critical to the design of dynamic open learning spaces to enhance the way learners interact and contribute online. Transparency is one of the reasons why we are able to make dynamic open learning spaces. This learning space that is open and dynamic and the interaction of learners can be enhanced online. Designing and transparency defines eight essential elements of transparent design. What are the eight essential elements? flexibility interactivity fluidity visualization collaboration publishing distribution Transparency and Web 2.0 define how Web 2.0 is a user-centered platform and transparency is a characteristic of Web environment. He described peer-to-peer file sharing in which every client is also a server. He said that every client is a server. Files are broken up into fragments that can be served from multiple locations transparently harnessing the network of downloaders to provide bandwidth and data to other users. In this context, the communication between user and computer extends to a collaborative group of contributors within a network. Transparency promotes the way information is constructed or reviewed and also includes the ways in which learning is transformed in this process. Transparency promotes how to construct information and review. Transparency in online education and collaboration is very important. Transparency does not bring the concept of transparency. Everyone has their own data, but it does not bring the concept of transparency. According to George Siemens, in 2009, when someone decides to share their thoughts when we want to share when I upload this video on YouTube, it is a digital transparency that I want to share my views. If I don't want to share, then it will only be for my students. When someone decides to share their thoughts and ideas in a transparent manner, they become a teacher to those who are observing. Whoever wants to see the digital transparency in the world, it is possible that my videos will be shown. Who is this? Who is this? Who is this? Who is this? Who is this? He argued that social technology is like a Twitter, a blog, a Facebook. He opened the door to sharing the process of learning. He has called the door of learning. In this environment, the social dimension of each interface is transparent, extending beyond any traditional learning space and allowing for dialogue among peers in between the teacher and the learning space. So this concept of transparency is a social dimension of each interface is transparent, extending beyond any traditional learning space and allowing for dialogue among peers in between the teacher and the learning space. So this concept of open data is data that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone. They are saying that you can freely use, reuse, redistribute and most of the requirement to attribute and share. When you read the creative comments then you will know. The sharing of open data can be incredibly beneficial to society. It is very beneficial for our society. It is facilitating enhanced scientific collaboration and reproducibility, increasing government and corporate transparency and speeding the discovery and understanding of solutions to planetary and societal needs. So you can understand how useful it is. A big part of the potential value of data is realized by use How does this occur legally? Increasingly, sharing of data is facilitated through the use of standard public legal tools used to engage copyright and similar restrictions. So all of these are saying that in OPC, and data-specific repositories allow users to upload in share under CC licenses. All the videos I upload on YouTube are all based on creative common licenses. You can use it, reuse it, redistribute it. All of these will not be copyrighted. You just have to give credit to where you got it from. Creative Commons and Online Education are saying that everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression. This right includes freedom to seek, receive, impart, information and ideas to any media regardless of frontiers. No matter what, we can receive, impart, and seek information and ideas. This article was mentioned in Universal Declaration of Human Rights which is also promoting digital transparency. OER is released under Creative Commons licenses such as textbooks, courses, and lesson plans. What can you do? It is easy for you to search, share, customize, combine. With CC licenses, learners can find and incorporate freely accessible materials for reports and presentations. You can make reports, you can customize the educator. There can be a lot of things. Services for an enhanced learning experience. Our learning experience has been enhanced so much. We used to say that if this was not the case, we would just teach our teachers. But now, we can take anyone who is better than anyone. If we talk about Creative Commons licensing and transparency, David Bolier has written that governments are coming to realize that they are one of the most important property. And that the wide dissemination of their work, statistics, reports, legislation, judicial decisions can stimulate economic innovation, scientific progress, education, and cultural development. Governments did not think that the statistics they have and the research they have and the reports they have published should be published under Creative Commons licensing, digital transparency, you can't do that. Creative Commons develops supports and stewards legal and technical infrastructure that maximizes digital creativity, sharing, innovation. And role of UNESCO and transparency. What is UNESCO's role in transparency? Transparency is highly relevant to UNESCO as part of the United Nations. UNESCO operates within the frameworks of Universal Human Rights, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the strategy for objectives and constraints. Broadly, transparency recognizes necessary for building peaceful, just and inclusive societies. This is for the society. As soon as there is digital transparency, our society will be digital so transparency is considered as peaceful, just and inclusive society. Similarly, transparency is a global standard setting instrument on the ethics of AI. Artificial intelligence is coming. Proposed as a key principle in the first draft of the recommendation on the ethics of artificial intelligence. Transparency is often a crucial precondition to ensure that fundamental human rights and ethical principles are respected. They say that your molecular human rights will be protected and respected. Then, privacy, free expression and transparency will be related. Privacy and transparency will be in two poles. They say that the internet and the underpinning ICPs have also enabled a wider range of individuals to access and share more information globally and to make greater use of their right to freedom of expression. It is also by enabling a more efficient communication between individuals in large scope of the right to freedom of expression and opinion, often promoting transparency as a notion that lies at the core of the other public interest. We understand this that we need to be transparent that misuse can also be used. However, the misuse of this fundamental right can also contribute to the isolation of other rights. Examples of such violations can be witnessed all across the globe. In case of online defamation, what can be done? We can try to defame it online. We can do harassment, terrorist activities if we leak all the data. All the data is transparent. They threaten public order and security. There is a global need to have views observed in online speech. So, it is to achieve a balance. We need to make a balance between conflicting fundamental values in public interest. We need to find a balance between private and data transparent. Then we can express in digital age. So, this is the concept of digital transparency. How important is this? Your OER, your Creative Commons licenses, your RTII, because of the promotion of transparency we have come here. But we also need to keep in mind that there is a balance between privacy and transparency. So, this was a new concept. I thought I would share it with you. So, thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education. Okay, then from myself.