 that it's really filled with Christ. We're identifying the mechanism of how the body possesses large, oxidative enhancements, actually. And also, if you're finding a mechanism, how do we balance? Sometimes it's too much, or it's very little. And why is this important? I mean, we all know we need to breathe. Breathe, so we obviously need oxidative because otherwise we're dying. But why is that? So, when we eat, for example, a really fat breakfast, we take up a lot of food, and our body needs to break down to nutrients. And this is happening by chemical reactions. And these reactions, they need oxygen. And the end product is energy. And obviously, we all need energy to survive them. When we, for example, have a really tough marathon, we get in the situation that we lack oxygen. But we are also not dying by any means. I feel like it, but we don't. This is because the body has some rescue mechanisms. For example, in this case, our muscle needs a lot of oxygen and a lot of energy, and at some point, it's lacking oxygen and lacking energy. So, what it does in this case is, for example, changing the way power produces energy for a very, very easy-ass oxygen. And you can feel this when you get muscle pain because the new by-product of this new way, it works. Or, for example, when you're hiking into a high altitude, the body can't extract as much oxygen as it might need from the air. So, what it does in this case, for example, is shutting down every in-process and it doesn't need riding this way. You're tired. So, how does this work mechanistically and on a biochemical basis? Before we start this, I would like to give you some basic information of biochemistry. I promise it's not going to be easy. We'll understand, hopefully. So, we all have a body. And this body, hopefully another. As I said, the lung don't really look like, for example, your liver or your kidney. However, they all have the same microstructure. They all consist of cells. And these cells are all connected by the blood. And the blood's really interesting for us today and very important since the blood's transporting oxygen. And these cells, they also have the same basic four building blocks, which are nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. And especially, the DNA and the proteins are interesting today. So, let's start understanding what they're doing and why we have them and why the cells have them. The DNA is basically a storage base for the cell. And it's like a reading of a manuscript of just parameters really long time. And storing all the information that the cell might need at some point for processes or products or whatever, it just knows how we need. And to make it easy to read, it has different chapters. We call it gene through our chemistry. And it's written in a very specific language, which is a biological language or genetic language. So, the cell has machinery, which is really very connected, it's a topical technology. So, for example, the machinery can bind to a gene, it can read it, translate it, and then produce a product from it. And depending on the situation of the cell, what if I need in this case, or if we're talking about a lung cell, a muscle cell, or a liver cell, it might need different products. So, this machinery, it can bind to a gene, or also to a gene D, a producing product gene. And these products, they are proteins. And proteins, they're really interesting for my cameras. They can have very different sizes and shades, they can be stiff, they can be flexible, reactive or passive. But you can summarize their functions and four main functions, which is boiling blocks so normally it's really big proteins, they're very stiff and heavy, and they just sit around and blow some microstructures in the cell. Or they can be really flexible and even active and be like, too much for the cell. For example, they can break down your food to produce energy, which is becoming more interesting today. They can be communicators, they can talk to each other. And they build up a huge network of communication in the cell and also between the different cells in the body. So, how does this work? This is a field of biochemistry, so it's really complex. But to break it down, we can, for example, have two different ways of communication by proteins. The first way is when two proteins bind to each other, they physically attach. And this is a signal, for example, for another protein to become active and to produce product or, for example, to break down your food. The way of communication can be that protein binds to the DNA and when this happens, it's calling and eroding as machinery. When this machinery comes, it re-translates and produces a product. For example, how we understood what the DNA is, the storing information, and how it produced a phase of bias and similar things. That's how we understood the oxygen story. So, I've mentioned that the free science has found a way in how the body can sense the amount of oxygen it has. And the most important thing, obviously, for doing this is the sensory. And guess what? The sensory is a protein, and it's called lift one. Greg Samantha identified it 30 years ago as a sensory for oxygen in the cell. And he did this because he found that cells which lack oxygen have loads of different ones in there. But in contrast, cells which are totally fine and have enough oxygen, they barely have any influence and really start detecting them. And some workmen who can prove that this is a favorable sensory and also an indicator for lack of oxygen. So, what is that one doing when there is lack of oxygen? Why is it there? And why is it so there on this big one too? So, I taught two pre-tunes how to make communicators. And guess what? Lift one is a communicator. So, what's happening is when there's lack of oxygen, there's a lot of lift one produced. And it's a cure for any cell. And at some point, which ends pretty high, that lift one is meeting DNA. And lift one can then bind to the DNA. And this is what's happening. It's calling this machinery, the machinery is breathing and producing products. And these products can be of very different kind, depending on what cell we're talking about again and what the cell needs. I will come back to this later to help you understand what these processes are that are happening and what these products are doing. Chris gets understood and the cell is fine and has no oxygen. So, if you notice the communicator, but now in this situation, there's also a lot of oxygen in the cell because it's totally fine. So, what's happening is that the oxygen is actually binding to the one. And this is changing the shape of lift one. That's a new game changed by a cruise queen. Because now, if one can change the way how it's communicating. Now it's not binding to DNA anymore. Now it's binding to the project. And on this type, on this one, they bind to each other. This is also a new signal to the cell. This is now a signal that lift one is not here because there is enough oxygen and the cell is fine. So, it's just recycled. And this is the reason why we don't see lift one when the cell has enough oxygen. So, I'm going to, I've just told you in one instance here and no time to switch on the mechanism. So, when there is enough oxygen it's also produced by a harm that binds oxygen, which is a signal to recycle it. So, it's going again, right after the production. In contrast, when there is oxygen vacuum, it's also produced and it's a cumulative, this is not recycled. And it's binding to DNA and starts different gene products. So, what are these products? I couldn't tell you lift one binds to thousands of genes. And I can also say we don't even know what our genes lift one binds to. This is why this model project was important because it opened the discovery of lift one opened a new field of research to identify all these genes. However, we can summarize it a little bit what we already know. So, lift one can do things in the cell itself which is, for example, effective in metabolism. So, the way how cell is producing energy just remember the story of this model. Or it can also affect the type of substructures in the cell. Or how the cell is moving or if it's growing and things like is it dying or surviving? And then a bigger picture in the body lift one kind of effect process is like red blood cell production and the production of blood vessels and the size of these blood vessels. Which is interesting and I mean it makes sense since bloodstream is part of oxygen lift one also affects these parts of the body. So, this is interesting, it's based on research for me it's fun to to read things about this but why is this interesting for society? There is a clinical application for this knowledge. I have two examples for you today and during these examples we also understand a little bit more these processes that lift one starting. The first example is cancer you probably unfortunately know it. So, when you have a tumor it's basically a plant of cells. And this plant of cells has different names. So, there is an inner layer and an outer layer and the outer layer they are totally binding cells because they have contact to the environment and they get a lot of oxygen and nutrients. How are the cells inside that have a problem? Because the cells outside they are not sharing. So, if they are lacking oxygen and they are also lacking nutrients but however a tumor wants to grow and wants to survive. So, they found a way out of this situation. They just use the regular mechanism to help them to survive. Which is F1. They produce a lot of F1. And this is one that is helping them for example, to build new blood vessels and these blood vessels are connecting them to the endogenous and they get oxygen and nutrients. And based on this knowledge scientists have now developed new compounds against these cancers which are producing F1. So, for example when we start therapy we can either start with everyone binding to the end of the day or we can accelerate the recycling of everyone so that these cancer cells in the end don't have any F1 on the brain. And without F1 they are in the end dying because they are lacking oxygen. It is about a hormone it's called EPO and EPO is produced by the kidneys and also released by the kidneys. And when this happens EPO induces the production of red blood cells and this is important because red blood cells are perfect. The things which are binding oxygen and transporting the oxygen from the blood flow on the body. So, when we fight chronic kidneys and lack oxygen our kidneys are producing a lot of F1 and this F1 that buys the gene from EPO so that EPO is produced and the more EPO is produced the more red blood cells are also produced and obviously more red blood cells can generate more blood oxygen. We have a problem because these kidneys they don't really like producing F1 anymore so we are also letting EPO and as a consequence we are letting red blood cells and little red blood cells and also transporting the oxygen and this phase of the disease is called anemia and we already went treatment for this so patients got EPO injected so this artificial EPO increases the production of red blood cells. Down the side because this EPO is really expensive to produce and also the quality is changing based on the day when we are producing it and especially patients need to inject themselves and not... So, now we are based on our know-how of F1 scientists put together on this program and they found compounds which are increasing the amount of F1 in the cells for example by stopping recycling so it's still linking and producing a little bit and it's accumulating again so the body has its own F1 and then we also start producing its own EPO again so I hope I could give you some idea of how the body is sensing oxygen by using F1 as a sensor and how we rebalance when it's acting oxygen and also to give you a feeling why basic research is in fact really interesting also for society really important because based on this we can start developing new therapies so we now have 5 minutes for the questions so if someone has a question Saba with a second you will be approached with the person's microphone How does it react to increasing or diminishing quantities of oxygen So your question is how fast F1 can be switched on when you are so I would say the production of the protein for example I think one takes maybe and then of course it takes some more to increase the effect and then depending on how you want to store it for example when you produce red blood cells it takes maybe 2-3 days to produce them and they need to develop a little bit longer so that after we we can see the point of feeling and effect but that too only depends on what you want to do So if it's a shorter race or a shorter climb it can be a major effect for quality So I would say for example if that's high altitude or if we're having a shorter race it goes faster I would say that it depends on the biological process so when you go to high altitude and you need more red blood cells it always takes the same amount of time to produce red blood cells but for example the production of red blood cells takes something like a week but changing your metabolism for how the cell is producing energy takes half an hour That's what I wanted to ask Any more questions? Is the microphone working actually? Could you repeat the question if there is a problem with the sound? Can you close it? Just want to hear how this device does it actually work? So you're asking how the performance by the DNA and if the RNA is involved the translation of the messenger RNA by the DNA Does Q1 actually and isn't there a way or what's the mechanics of this activation of producing proteins? So you're asking for mRNA and how it's translating Maybe you can ask me in the grey because I think it's also really biodegradable so probably in two minutes people will understand the answer And if we have time for one more question I still don't have two I'll make it easy for you It's actually called everyone will ask at least Potentially there is also two Maybe somebody will follow I don't know Thank you