 The second situation is that with the ball in play, the base runner fails to touch a base, and then he would proceed on to the next one. So this is if we have a base runner here, then we have our batter up the bat. And let's say the batter hits a fly ball way out to maybe the whole way out to the wall. And the ball's going to bounce it out, bouncing around out here. And the left fielder, he's running over to get it. Maybe with the center fielder, he's running over to get it. So as soon as this ball is hit, this runner, he's going to take off. And for whatever reason, then, whenever he gets to second base, instead of stepping on the base like he should, maybe he steps over it. Maybe he's distracted. He's looking at the ball out here. He's looking at a pretty girl in the crowd or something. And he actually steps over the base, and he continues into third. Third, and he reaches third base, and they throw the ball back in here to the infield. Maybe the original batter on the play, he gets a double out of it. And so he's standing on second base. So what the defensive team here is going to do is if the defensive team, remember, the defensive team, they're responsible for this. They have to watch and pay attention to the play. They can get the ball. Again, maybe it's the pitcher who has the ball. He can throw it out here. Maybe the shortstop comes over. He'll throw him the ball. The shortstop will step on second base while he's holding the ball. They'll ask the second base umpire. They'll say that we would like to appeal that the runner missed the base. And in that situation, if the umpire agrees, if the umpire had seen this runner step over second base, then he would uphold the appeal. We would call the runner out. And so this runner on third base would be out. However, the runner, the batter on the play, he would still get the double. Assuming there were less than two outs. If there were two outs, and that was the third out in the inning, then the inning would be over. But with this, the batter, he would still remain on second base. So this was basically if a runner misses the base. And this can also, that's obviously the abbreviated wording there. But this can also come into play if a runner, for whatever reason, he would be running and he does step on second base. And then he realizes he has to turn around and come back. He is responsible for stepping on second base again and then on his way back if, say, a ball was caught in the outfield or something like that. So whenever he's returning to first base, he would have to step on it. If in the situation he doesn't step on it, maybe he tries to cut across the field or something like that to get back to the base quicker, then the defense could then appeal on that situation. The third way that we can look at is something we've mentioned before. And that is if the runner, if he runs through, he hits the ball and he runs through, there's a close play, say, at first base, he runs through the base and he doesn't return immediately. So maybe there was confusion. He thought he was called out on the play, but actually he was safe. And the runner, then maybe he gets bad and he goes back into the dugout. So in this situation, the team can either tag him out or they can appeal there. They can get the ball step on first and appeal the play. So this is failing to return to first base immediately. And the final way that we'll take a look at in this video is that if the runner fails to touch home plate and then he makes no attempt to return to it. And so that is kind of similar to the first base one. Maybe there is a play where a runner scores, or actually he wouldn't be scoring if he doesn't step on the plate. So if for whatever reason, he steps over the plate and then he just continues on into the dugout, the defensive team could get the ball, step on home plate, make the appeal. And if the umpire has seen that the runner stepped over the base, then he would call him out. If for whatever reason the umpire didn't see that or he thinks he does, did step on home plate, he would call him safe and the run would count. So those are the four ways. Oops, let's get a. Those are the four ways, then. This is failing, failing to step. Those are the four specific appeals on the rulebook states.