 Here's the standard model with all the stable fermions. If we add the excited state versions of these fermions, we get the full view. All of space is filled with matter fields that can spawn fermion particles as waves. This includes all the leptons and the corks. These particles carry one or more charges, color charge, electromagnetic charge, and weak hypercharge. Particles with a charge fill the space around them with a force field that can spawn force particles when excited by particles that carry their charge. These are the bosons. The bosons are the force carriers or mediators of all fermion particle interactions. This model has had great success in explaining observed natural behavior at the quantum level. But there was one serious problem that had to do with the mass of the particles. One way to look at it is that it didn't explain how elementary particles acquire mass. Or, given that we know that confined energy generates mass, another way to look at the problem is that the standard model did not explain how photons, no matter how much energy they have confined, do not have mass.