 Nanoparticle formulations of insulin have been developed to improve its stability and permeation in the gastrointestinal tract. These particles are composed of PLGA, PEG, and PVA, and are designed to deliver insulin to the bloodstream. In this study, these particles were tested for their ability to reduce blood glucose levels when combined with a protease inhibitor. Results showed that the addition of the protease inhibitor increased the hyperglycemic effect of the insulin nanoparticles. This suggests that the use of nanoparticles may be a promising approach to improving the efficacy of orally-administered insulin. This article was offered by Ahmed M. Faheem, Dalia Abdelkota, Mohamed A. Osman, and others.