 That is S2O3 2 minus the first no observation here experiment and observation We have that mixture and we add dilute H2SO4 here. What we get We get a colorless gas. I'm just writing on the keyword here, right? You can also write on the same thing Colorless gas the whole sentence is not required colorless gas is it which has the suffocating order Suffocating order. What is this gas? Could you tell me we have done this now? SO2 right suffocating order that is SO2 evolved SO2 evolved and It turns the solution yellow right on yellow also turns solution also turns yellow that is what SO2 This confirms the presence of S2O3 2 minus in the mixture and Then the same thing we have here if you this SO2 in this mixture because we have S2SO2 We have we have S2SO4. So if you add K2CR2O7 in this solution then what happens? K2CR2O solution you add then what happens? Yes, so the solution turns into green Color changes CR2SO4 whole size the second reaction is actually same if you add K2CR2O7 Okay now third one you see Which here we have the second one is sodium carbonate extract we add SC and AGNO3 solution right, so it converts into white PPT white precipitate changes to quickly changes to yellow brown And finally it converts into AG2S that is black Okay, this confirms the presence of S2O3 2 meters copied One more we have here test And that is also the second and third one is more important here that I've written here Second and third one the third one is what we have SCE sodium carbonate extract and in this we add few drops of iodine right, so the what observation we have The color of iodine Or I don't I to decolorize you I to decolorize which confirms the presence of S2O3 2 minus So reactions we'll see the first reaction we have thiosulfate NA2S2O3 Plus we have H2SO4 We heat this and we get sulfate NA2SO4 Plus we'll get SO2 suffocating order We get H2O And sulfur also forms in this AGNO3 if you add Suppose the ionic equation if I write down S2O3 2 minus It takes AG plus so I'll written here 2 AG plus It forms AG2S2O3 precipitate and this is of white precipitate so first this forms Right based on dissolving in water It slowly converts into yellow and then it finally converts into AG2S which is black so reaction is AG2S Plus H2SO4 With I2 it converts into 2I minus plus SO4 O6 2 minus tetrathionate ion This if you remember we use this also in Iodometric titration this kind of reaction Then P block Yes even in ionic also we have the titration no they also we have here I think we have we have redox they also we have millidox we have this Okay Now the last one in this you write down acetate ion acetate ion We have the mixture and in this mixture We added a few drops of H2SO4 and we heat this The reaction is we got the smell of vinegar only smell of vinegar That confirms acetate ion No gases evolve only the smell of vinegar we have Water extract you take WE and we add FeCl3 solution which is neutral FeCl3 solution in this and it converts into blood red color Blood red color which also confirms the presence of acetate ion reaction is This we have Cs3COO Na sodium acetate and we add H2SO4 So it forms obviously Na2SO4 and Cs3COOH So Na2SO4 forms and Cs3COH forms and because of this only we have vinegar smell over here With FeCl3 it forms blood red color if you look at the ionic reaction It is Cs3COO minus plus FeCl3 means Fe3 plus FeCl3 means Fe3 plus so it forms FeCH3COO What I have written wait Fe then we have Cs3COO This complex is blood red color Copy it Now first category we have done now we will see anions belongs to group two You know we have all the halide ions fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine all kind of halides we have over here And along with halide we have Nitrate ion as well Okay oxalate and nitrate as well okay all these five six ions we need to understand we need to discuss here Right so in this what happens What is the reagent we use? We use concentrated Correct, okay So first we'll see chloride ion here chloride ion Cl minus So can I write down this in In smaller ways sort away If I Okay, I'm just trying to write down this in a in a In a map We have the mixture correct All the test I'll write down here whatever mixture we have which you need to Analyze this is the mixture right? And in this mixture what we do One of the way is We add concentrated h2s of 4 concentrated h2s of 4 So the product we get here Is colorless pungent smell colorless gas Pungent smell all these are for the detection of chloride ion So i'm not writing down after this okay to confirms the presence of chloride. No This is the result we have which confirms the presence of chloride and that is understood Okay, next is we take a glass rod And we dip into NH4 OH So in short I'll write down glass rod dipped in dipped in NH4 OH NH4 OH And we'll keep this near the mouth of the test tube So if this rod which is dipped in NH4 OH Comes closer to this test tube right then it forms white dense fumes here It forms white dense fumes In the test tube if you add mn o2 magnase dioxide pyrolycite mineral, okay? Name is important. Magnase dioxide pyrolycite mineral We get play pale green gas That is nothing but cl2 Pale green gas we get This is actually This reaction is the second part of it Just for the confirmation from here only we get it Right, so if you add it over here, then after this the cl2 evolves. So mn o2 We can say we add into this one Okay, I'll write down the reaction for this one. Basically this Takes place in two steps. First we get this and then on reaction we'll get cl2 Okay, now the another one is The reaction with se sodium carbonate extract sodium carbonate extract We heat this with dilute HNO3 HNO3 and And ag NO3 solution all these we are adding here It forms white precipitate white PPT soluble in NH4 OH in NH4 OH Right, and in this mixture if you again add HNO3 The white precipitate reappears. Okay, it got soluble vanish Again, you add HNO3 white precipitate reappears One more we have in this Which we'll discuss separately. I'll write down this name over here Which we call it as chromide chloride chromile chloride test chromile chloride test all these tests of chloride and we have Copy down this then we'll see the reaction Okay, look at the reaction now the reaction is KCl with H2SO4 Cl- with H2SO4. So if Cl- is present It forms KHSO4 plus HCl So HCl gas evolves here Which gives pungent smell So this confirms the presence of chloride iron Cl- in the mixture The second one we have In this HCl gas we have when it comes in contact with NH4 OH NH4 OH For the test one is this is done With NH4 OH so NH4 OH plus HCl It converts into NH4 Cl And H2O this is what it forms So white fumes of ammonium chloride we get White fumes of ammonium chloride we get Okay And then in this if you add HCl Okay, we are getting here here HCl this HCl is left And if you add MnO2 not HCl MnO2 if you add a heat Then it converts into MnCl2 plus Cl2 Plus H2O Chlorine evolves in this So magnesium dioxide oxidizes Cl- from this into Cl2 This is a pale green gas The next is If you add agnO3 in this It's agCl white precipitate White precipitate Plus KnO3 KnO3 it forms So on addition of agnO3 To the solution chloride salt solution a white precipitate of agCl formed AgCl is soluble in NH4 OH Okay So agCl you see further in this if you add NH4 OH It is soluble in NH4 OH And it converts into agNH3 whole twice And Cl water evolves forms a complex here Complex salt it is soluble Now this complex salt On addition of HnO3 decomposes agNH3 whole twice Cl On addition of HnO3 Decomposes and forms agCl white precipitate And NH4 NO3 This is the reaction we have here Okay Now you see this one Chromide chloride test This is only for chlorine not for bromine or iodine Chromide chloride test Okay Chromide chloride test Write down Write down On addition of I will also write down it Addition of Concentrated H2SO4 and K2CR207 2 chloride salt 2 chloride salt Deep orange Deep orange Red vapors Of Chromide chloride Of Chromide chloride That is CrO2Cl2 forms Chromide chloride is this only CrO2Cl2 Okay The reaction is You see KCl with H2SO4 converts into KHSO4 plus HCl This we get in the first step K2CR207 K2CR207 Also we are adding Plus H2SO4 Converts into 2 KHSO4 Plus 2 CrO3 And H2O Now this HCl that we have HCl Reacted CrO3 Converts into CrO2Cl2 And H2O This is Chromide chloride One more point you add in this The color of NaOH solution Changes to yellow The color of NaOH solution Is changes to yellow When chromide chloride vapor When chromide chloride vapor Vapors Is passes through Is passes through it So here the reaction is We have CrO2Cl2 chromide chloride Is you know Allowed to pass through NaOH vapors NaOH it converts into Na2CrO4 Plus 2 NaCl Plus H2O This is yellow in color Done? Yes Okay Next I don't test of bromide What is the experiment? Again we have mixture Which I'll write down that Don't leave it So we have the mixture The sample we have And in this if you add H2SO4 dilute Red is brown Red is brown Pungent gas Br2 evolves Another one In this solution I'll write down here only In this solution if you add MnO2 The solution becomes denser The solution becomes denser If you add MnO2 I'm sorry MnO2 here Yeah The solution becomes denser If you have Sodium extract if you add You add Se Sodium extract With dilute HNO3 With AG NO3 solution NO3 solution So it forms light yellow precipitate Light yellow precipitate forms Which is soluble in In NH3 ammonia One more test we have in this Which we call it as layer test I'll write down here In layer test what happens We have Sodium extract We add either we can add CCL4 Or we can add Chloroform that is CSCl3 Anyone we can add in between the two With chlorine gas With chlorine gas Right Then in this reaction The organic solvent Or I'll write down this way The organic solvent layer Solvent layer Turns brown All these experiments we have By which bromide ion tested I'll write down the reaction First you pop it on this Sir are we going to take up some questions on this We'll do that Let me just take up one or two more ion then Which I will take up one question after this And then we'll do some more ions Okay Okay So we have this test right now Reactions which is involved in this you see We have KBR the bromide ion With H2SO4 The reaction it gives Similar kind of reaction we have like we had for Chloride ion KHSO4 plus HBR And then in this HBR HBR which forms Further reacts with H2SO4 And converts into bromine BR2 H2O evolves and sulfur dioxide we get This is reddish brown gas Reddish brown That's how Now in this if I add MNO2 Magnesia dioxide if you add here With HBR It converts into BR2 With H2O And we also get MNBR2 Next write down Addition of AGNO3 solution Addition of AGNO3 solution To the acidified sodium carbonate extract To the acidified Sodium carbonate extract Results in the formation of Light yellow precipitate of AGBR Results in the formation of Light yellow precipitate of AGBR Which is Which is Sparingly soluble in NH4OH Which is sparingly soluble in NH4OH Okay Now you see this reaction here What I said Addition of AGNO3 solution To acidified sodium carbonate Okay Acidified sodium carbonate So basically what happens when we add AGNO3 So it forms AGBR because we have the bromide ion With AGNO3 It forms the precipitate of AGBR Plus NANO3 AGBR NANO3 This AGBR Is soluble in Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH It forms AG NH3 whole twice BR and HD Complex forms Layer test is very simple Write down Last one in this The fourth one that I have given you Layer test very simple See it's based on the fact that bromine is more soluble in organic solvent In comparison to Chlorine Right So you see in that you know Reaction I have given Sodium extract With CCL4 or CHCl3 Yeah Rahul will get update We'll have a question We'll discuss a question And then we'll take a break Okay after this Just 10 more minutes I guess Okay So bromine is liberated from bromine salts Why because The reagent we are adding in layer test is what We are adding organic solvents Like CCL4 and CHCl3 if you see Correct Plus CL2 So bromine and Chlorine If you compare the solubility of bromine in organic solvent It is more And hence And hence it gives an orange color To the Organic solution that we have which we also call it as organic layer And which the lower part is You know orange color And the upper part is You know That aqua layer remains colorless So you will have You can easily detect the two different layer over here The lower part is orange And the upper part is colorless Like we have Like we have clean water Like that Okay So that orange color that forms That only confirms the presence of bromide ion There's two line you write down to this Bromine since it is more Soluble in organic solvent than Chlorine Bromine since it is more soluble in organic solvent Hence It evolves from the bromine salt Hence it evolves from the bromine salt On addition of On addition of an oxidizing agent Addition of an oxidizing agent What on oxidizing agent we have We have Cl2 water Chlorine in presence of water We can have a drop of KMnO4 So you're not sharing a screen Yeah I know I am just Taking one question for this You can I'm dictating you can write it down Okay So I said what all oxidizing agent we have Chlorine water Drop of KMnO4 And concentrated HNO3 also we can use Okay so all these oxidizing agent we can use For this Okay So what happens here In presence of oxidizing agent Bromine evolves And it turns the lower part of the solution Or you write down like this It turns the lower solution orange And it turns the lower solution orange Which confirms the presence of Which confirms the presence of bromide Okay so layer test is this It basically depends upon the solubility of Halide ions in organic solvent We will choose those organic solvents In which In which the Solubility of bromine Since we are detecting bromine Solubility of bromine is more basically Now I will see one question Before the break Just a second So we will remove this I will share my screen now Yeah this one yeah The first one you see A Look at the Question first A dissolving dilute S2SO4 Brown colored vapor You know forms Which turns start solution Potassium iodide start solution blue Same A we dissolve in NaOH Then S3 gas evolves A converts into a gas B And into a gas C But liquid at room temperature So gas C is what? C is a liquid at room temperature You see all these questions You see A the first question You have it's basically If you do not know the property Then you cannot do it Tell me what is the value Which one is A, B and C We need to identify A, B and C Yes nitrite I am correct A is nitrite and that's right So we can say A is No NH4 NO2 Because ammonia gas is also evolving B you see Ammonia gas is evolving So we can have NaNO2 and NH3 What is B there? And C is also a gas But liquid at room temperature You see A you are saying nitrite I am What should be the compound Because when you heat A It converts into a gas You know which is liquid at room temperature So what are liquids we have at room temperature Tell me What are liquids we have at room temperature Is it going to be NON NO2? What is that NON NO2? That's right gas B and C you are saying Yes No NO2 or NO is not See NO2 is not a liquid at room temperature No it is a gas And A is what? A what you said? A you said nitrite I am So what should be the nitrite compound you must have When you heat that You will get two gases One is a liquid and one is gas at room temperature So what are liquids we have at room temperature This way if you go it will be easier for you to understand What are liquids we will have at room temperature H2O is a liquid at room temperature right Any other liquid at room temperature? Some bromine Bromine is also liquid But bromine is you know it's It's standard state is liquid only Is it HNO2? NH4 NO2 HNO2 you are saying A is NH4 NO2 and then B is NH3C HNO2 Yeah right right See bromine yes bromine you can think of But why bromine is not possible here Because we won't have bromine anywhere right Where is bromine? There's no chance of bromine over there Once you are confirmed it is nitrite ion So it is a reaction of all these nitrite ion right Nitrite compound So if A is NH4 NO2 obviously you need to do some practice Then only you can you know guess like this If A is NH4 NO2 then it is possible that you heat this It converts into NH3 and it converts into H2O also And we know H2O is a liquid at room temperature So answer for this question is A is NH4 NO2 A is NH4 NO2 B is NH3 and C is H2O Try this B So it's that K2CO2 is a green color Right so what we'll do how do we you know detect So only the property you know How do we use this property to detect So if we pass SO2 it will give green color SO2 with what? K2CO2 Right it will form a chromium sulfate and that will be a green And that green solution is not given by CO2 right Yes SO2 will give green solution but CO2 won't give So what we'll do we'll take this mixture and we'll allow K2CO2 to pass through this mixture If it turns green then we'll have SO2 present into this Right and when it passes through lying water it turns milky Which confirms CO2 So all these are you see all these are property based questions you will get Okay, you must have the information that only you can do it And it's not like you if you do not know You know from the beginning to end you won't be able to do it Somewhere in between also if you can catch what is the compound Then you can you know correlate that okay this is the possibility this is not the possibility Maybe this kind of questions is a bit difficult when it comes to you know in J advance that to You know where options are not given in that case you have to you know Take a call whether it is this or this but when options are there Like suppose in this question only A that we have they'll ask you what is you know C Or what is B and they will give some options or what is A they will give some options Correct so in that case you know you can have the idea that okay this option is possible or not This option is possible or not and then you know you can think about it But yes if you know the property you can figure it out what is the question all about Just you need to you know understand the chain how the reaction is going on Any one particular reaction if you understand properly then you can think of the product or react Okay, what is the last one A C A So so three you can tell from the green color and then I The green mass is equal like equal to the s7 h2o mass Okay, it's given k2 cr2 or 7 with h plus its real screen color. Okay, okay Identify a and explain the reaction. It has water of this monovalent alkaline cation Alkaline cation is also given so we can think of either na or li mostly right Monovalent so it will be group one, correct Alkaline cation so we can have na plus and and one more thing if it is mentioned that monovalent Then you can think of group one, correct group two is gone group one you have in group one also It is mostly it is true that either you will have na plus or li plus These two cations only possible in general. I'm not saying any logic over here In general you can think of mostly we'll have the salt of these two elements cations only So x is then divergent anion That's right. Divalent anion. So either we can have sulphate or we can have bottle divergent anion anions we have Sulphide sulphate all these things we can think of H2 so for a gas turns this solution green Identify a next to this. Huh, fine. It's correct only so we have na2 so three Because we know the reaction of sulphide with h2 so four and then with k2 cr2 a seven it turns green solution So I would say what from the last two line You will have the idea from this reaction from this line You will have the idea that that anion is the sulphide and we have so three minus Okay, and the first information that is given you can think of Either na plus and li plus there It is na2 so three Dot seven h2o is the compound we have Clear understood one is to one weight also Oh, where is that I missed it correct. Yeah, so ratio and weight also it is given me one by one it is given. Yeah, that's fine So that is how we can so basically Informations need to extract and then you can think of and what could be the possible answer. Yeah So this kind of questions you will get we have few more things left. We'll continue after the break. Okay 655 So what would be potassium? Sorry So what would be potassium because so three minus weight is 80 and potassium will be 40 into 280 That's one second one over into the land and x is any divergent anion in one is to one Has water and m2x One into one ratio. So water And m2x no, sir. I think they mean water and salt is in one is to one because then it comes exact one is to one What you come 126 126 it comes exact one is to one ratio Wait, so water is A 18 into 7 no the mass of this because seven is to a we have So it is 126 is coming out to be and what should be m over here So that the weight of this would be 126. Isn't it? This is the question, right? Yes Water and this salt Come master issue is one is to one is it? So water come us is 126. What should be m and x over here so that the mass is 126 So you can check if you talk about potassium. What is the mass of potassium here? 39 39 39 into 278 and sulphide ion and a to s o 3 What is the mass of s o 3? 30 32 into 2 that is 64 64 plus 16 80. So it is coming out to be more, right? Yes, sir. I thought they meant like m2x like m is to x ratio. That's why I thought it would be potassium No, it is clearly it is given has water and m2x and then we have the bracket open till here Water and salt in one is to one ratio by weight So what are current weight and discover it is one is to one. Yes, sir. Correct Okay, so we'll take a break