 Hello everyone, myself Professor Prithish Chittay working as an assistant professor in mechanical engineering department in Walsh and STO of technology solopour. In this session, we will discuss a very interesting topic, which is called as standardization in graphic software, which is a part of the course CADCAM CAI. So what you are learning? So the students will be able to apply the CAD fundamentals like the geometrical transformation to industry problems. The standardization process is the part of geometrical transformation or maybe the geometrical modeling or maybe we can also called as computer aided designing sector also to apply the application of geometrical modeling. So what we are learning in this session, these are the content. So first we will discuss, so what is meant by standardization process with respect to the graphic software? After that GKS, what is meant by GKS? That is graphic kernel system, we will look into that. So I want to discuss first of all, so graphic software. So graphic software is a part of computer aided design system. In a very simple word, the graphic software is also called as application program or it is also called as a 3D modeling software. You may have heard like maybe the Katia software, maybe the AutoCAD software or maybe the Solid Word software, these are the graphic software with the help of which you can create maybe a 2D model, 3D model, you can create the computer aided drafting sheet, etc., etc. And these all the things are only possible with the help of graphic software. And the standardization process consists of the a particular concept which is called as graphical kernel system. Now the standardization, first of all we will see what is meant by standardization? In each and every manufacturing industry, there are different types of different. For example, we are learning the course like maybe the computer aided design, computer aided manufacturing, computer aided engineering and there is a interconnectivity. For example, maybe from computer aided design to computer aided manufacturing or maybe computer aided design to the computer aided engineering. For example, suppose I want to import the computer aided design model into the computer aided engineering, yes, it will require the standardized process. So you may require the DXF that is data exchange format, that is called as data exchange format. So the data exchange format is the part of standardization. So what are the different data exchange formats which are present for the particular maybe we can call it as the sector or section like the computer aided design, maybe the computer aided manufacturing or maybe computer aided engineering. Now in front of you there are different types of data exchange format. For example, in this standardization process the basic data exchange format we are learning like graphic kernel system, after that there is a IGES which is very famous that is initial graphic exchange specification, there is a drawing exchange format that is DXF. Don't we have a confusion that data exchange format and maybe we can also called as drawing exchange format. The abbreviation or maybe the long form for both these are DXF. But data exchange format consists of all these things and only the DXF is called as drawing exchange format. So the drawing exchange format is the part of data exchange format. After that there is a step that is standard for the exchange of the product model data. DMIS that is dimensional measurement, interface specification, measurement like suppose I want to measure maybe the dimension or maybe some of the limit space tolerances that is a part of geometrical dimensions and tolerances. So in that case you have provided maybe for example a 2D model or maybe a 3D model I want to measure something or maybe suppose you are having the product and I want to measure something. So in that case so the DMIS will be very helpful that is a part of data exchange format. After that there is a virtual device interface, there is a virtual device metafile. Virtual device metafile is a part of virtual device interface. After that the standardization process. So there is one particular cycle that is called a standardization cycle. Maybe as this is a cycle which consists of first of all we will see what are the different states which are present in the standardization process of the particular CADCAM software. Now there is a graphic database, there is an application program. Graphic database like for example in Katia software maybe we are using some of the tools or maybe some of the icons in the Katia software which is already present in the Katia software or maybe the application program or maybe the graphic software that is present in the library that is present in the toolbar or maybe the tool that is also called as the database. Suppose the user is using some of the tool to draw something to provide the dimension to provide maybe the thickness or the third dimensions which is only possible with the help of different tools and the toolbars and all these tools and the toolbars are present in the graphic database. After that there is an application program. Application program already I have told you like what is been by application program in the simple world the different types of software which are the part of which are the part of computer a design, computer a manufacturing and computer a engineering. These softwares are also called as application program and the another name for the application program is graphic software. Now for example suppose I want to move the 3D model into any analysis software is definitely we are using some data exchange format like maybe the IGES or maybe the DXF after that graphic function. So there is one very interesting concept which is called as interactive graphic, interactive computer graphics that is ICG which is heart of CADCOM software. So whenever we are wherever you are the user is providing the input the user is providing the input in that case there may be the generation of or maybe the development of a 2D model or maybe the 3D model. So which is possible only with the help of interactive computer graphics that is the part of graphic function and where there will be the user of GKS and the step. And all these things are connected to your device or for example maybe a computer system or maybe a personal laptop because in our laptop or maybe the computer system or maybe the personal system. So we are maybe installing the software or maybe we are using the software to create something to develop something or maybe to develop a 3D model of any mechanical component. Yes there is a requirement of virtual data or maybe virtual device interface or maybe virtual device metafile yes which is related to your device and all these things are interconnected. For example if suppose in the maybe the graphic software you are not having any tool or the toolbar so that you can create a any 2D model or maybe 3D model suppose you can't provide the dimension. So what is the use of this application program like for example you are having the application program but you can't provide or you can't develop any 2D model because of its absence of graphic database. Graphic database or maybe a library will play very important role will play very important role to develop something with the help of software. So this is a standardization process in case of CADCAM software. Now graphic kernel system or which is also called as GKS which is a one type of data exchange format. In the standardization process whenever there is a need of maybe the standardization process in the field of computer design, computer engineering there is a requirement of standardization process. So for that the first of all in earlier days like maybe in 1980 there is a development of one data exchange format which is called as graphic kernel system. So which is a very basic we can called as a data exchange format which may be used for a for 2D drawing. For example we are having maybe AutoCAD software and in AutoCAD software like we can create maybe a 2D file yes we can create a 2D file or maybe the 2D model yes for before that we will see the different types of functions like for example polyline there is a suppose you want to create the multiple lines yes with the help of polyline you can create after that maybe there is a polymaker suppose you want to provide maybe the color or maybe the layer by layer section in the AutoCAD you can provide it. Generalize drawing primitives like the geometrical entity suppose you want to create maybe a triangle rectangle or maybe the polygon triangle circle yes you can create with the help of generalize drawing primitives text suppose you want to type something you want to create the nameplate or maybe the part list or maybe the build of material it will be helpful fill area suppose you want to fill the area with respect to maybe the color or the material yes we can provide it with the help of the function which is called as fill area. Now there is one question which is in front of you what is meant by GKS you can think about this yes GKS is the graphic kernel graphic kernel system so which is used as a data exchange format for a 2D drawings for 2D drawings so in the next session we will see the data exchange format these are the references thank you thank you very much.