 Huwag tangsusupo, higiyatang moses lang si gaw nangmasa Magalang araw sa lahat, today we're going to talk about understanding self and others for your National Service and Training Program, Mujul. Of course, magisimula tayo sa ano yung adobatong self natin. Bapag iniisip natin ang self para ang lakay niyang concepto. But the self is actually simple. It is someone that is formed in relation to other people. Lahat tayo may kanya kanya iniisip sa kung sino ba tayo bilang mga tao. At atong mga iniisip natin sino tayo ay nanggagaling dun sa pagikitu ng imang tao, atang mga tao sa pagikit natin. So, for example, uso kayo yung online dating. Tapos, every time that you swipe right, and you only swipe right once in 10 profiles, parang ay nakakamatch ka, iisipin mo, ay, ang ganda ko. Kasi every time that you swipe right, minakakamatch ka, ay iwi sabihin mo, alam ang dami mga tao nang swipe right, at nagkakaguso, at gusto kong mamit ka. So, iniisip mo, ang ganda ko. At yung ang ganda ko, naggagaling siya sa fact, na tingin mo, gusto ka, imit ng ibang mga tao. Okay? So, ganan do lang ka simple ang self. Minsan iniisip ng mga tao na, in order for you to understand yourself, you have to answer one question. Atong tarong nato ay yung who am I? Parang ang laking bagay, parang napaka recreational, pag-religious song, ginawan pangasyon ng kanta, yung who am I? Atong who am I na to ay, pwede siyang sagutin in many different ways. Pwede mo siyang sagutin ng isang buong paragraph, or in five minutes dun sa retreat nyo, dun sa religious activity nyo, pero sinasagut din natin siya in very trivial ways in our everyday life. Kanina, nung gumising ka, inisip mo ba, ano ibabost ko sa Facebook, ano ibabost ko sa Twitter, ano ibabost ko sa Instagram, siyung ano ibabalo ko, magukoment ba ako dito? Iba, or ano isusut ko sa online class, magukoparticipate ba ako, magu-video on ba ako? So ito yung mga decisions nato. Constitute the self that we have. Right? So sometimes we look into the mirror, tapos magkapanit tayo ng damit, resetin natin ay parang hindi ako tong damit na to, or pasko na, may mag-u-video sa yan ng regalo, tapos yung regalo na maralesivo, parang ay parang hindi bagay sa akin to, hindi ko gusto to. So ito mga gantong opinions, they constitute the larger concept of the self. And if we construct the self, and we answer the question of who am I, very unconsciously, there are also some manners in which we construct the self very purposefully. Like for example, your own social media branding. Right? So a lot of influencers curate their social media posts. They don't post something outside their own brand. So ito yung mga bagay na to, napahakonshwos na paka-intentionan, nang pag-curate nila ng self nila. Baka inisip nyo ngayon, napaka ano naman yung mga explanation, yung mga puro online-online, hindi naman ako na niniwala sa online self. We're going to talk more about that in the succeeding slides. Again, why is it important to know the self? In sociology, we have what we call sociological imagination. Sociological imagination says that only in understanding the self, can you understand their own society. And of course vice versa. So alam mo, na ito mga nangyari sa buhay mo, ay nangagaling sa napaharaming structure and institution sa lipunan. So for example, na hirapan ka sa online class. Na hirapan ka mag-participate, kapag face-to-face classes, pwede ka magtaas ng kamay, pero sa online class, parang hindi nabapansin masyado nung proof mo ko yung race and function. Kasi baka hindi siya sanay din sa Zoom or sa ibang mga platform, hindi siya sanay sa online teaching. Maganyan, alam mo na, nakakoroy ka ng problema ngayon sa online learning. Hindi lang dahil sayo, dahil hindi-hindi mo dahil kasalanan mo at dahil ignorante ka sa technology. Alam mo na, we are forced to adapt to this kind of setup because a lot of the people in power for example, are not doing their job to curb the pandemic. A lot of the people in power, a lot of the people who hold privileges don't have their priorities straight. Kaya lahat tayo ang dito sa position na hirapan tayo. Something like that. Okay? Only in understanding that yourself can you understand your own society. So we used your personal problem to relate them to public issues. Parang ganan siya. And also understanding the self helps us identify our role and intern our possible contribution to the lives of other people. If you know that it is where you stand. If you understand that these are the privileges that you hold and these are the solutions that your privileges will allow you to do, then ang laki ng ang bag mo sa lipunan. Pag dinanong ka, ano ba ang bag mo? Eh, may mas-asagot ka na. Kasi understood na understood mo na yung sarili mo. At yung lipunan mo at kung saan ka papasok dun sa lipunan na yun. So and we have different conceptions of the self. At dumang aypabasa, I'm going to present to you 10 different conceptions of the self. These are only 10 of the many ways people think about or theorists think about the self that people have. And all of these perspectives, of course, sometimes they mix and match, sometimes they combine, hindi sila mutuly exclusive. So let's dig deeper. Okay, there are some people, some theorists who say that the self is an essential part of being. And the self automatically comes with the individual, okay? So salabi natin ngayon na self is formed in relation to other people. May mga ibang mas fundamental yung tingin nila sa self, just because you have a body, just because you are an individual, automatically meron ka ng self, it doesn't require that long process of interaction with other people, it doesn't require that you are able to very well communicate with other people to have a self. An example is the fact that we think babies have personalities. Right? Sa ilokos, meron ka ming sinasabi yung paidam e. Yung babies nagsabihin namin na ay paidam ka kung ayon yung magpakarga sa ibang ta o kung gusto niya sa nani lang siya nagpaparga. And this paidam is a personality, it is a self. Garo ka fundamental yung tingin ng ibang ta o sa self, it is natural. The next perspective says that there is a true and unified self. The only challenge is finding out who the self is and then, being true to who the self is. Itong self na ito nag-ihintay lang siyang hanapin mo. At itong self na ito hindi siya ng babago. At kung nakahanak mo na, kung sino ka talaga, ay matatapos na yung journey na at ito yung ultimate achievement ng buhay mo. At ito yung parang mountain na kailangan mo yung cross. Para sino ba talaga ako kailang akong magpakatototototos serili ko. And you see this in many different expressions in Philippine culture. Isa siya kung tunay na ta o ito pa lang tunay na budhinya and we have this assumption that in order to find yourself we have to endeavor to, we have to struggle and you have to win over a certain journey in your life. Ang hirap ng gantong parte ng buhay mo at sinasabi ng ibang taon na pagkatapos mong malampasan itong chapter na ito ng buhay mo, malalaman mo kung sino ka talaga at hindi na kung sino ka talaga malalaman mo kung sino ba talaga yung mga taong na sa palihigid mo. Okay and we'll talk about different perspectives later na nag-engage naman sa perspective na itong true and unified self. Now the next perspective says that the role that people occupy make them who they are. Nung nasa face to face mode of learning pa lang tayo uso yung mga introduce yourself, introduce yourself. And people, most of the time introduce themselves using the roles that they hold. Hello po, I'm an engineering student. Hello po, I'm a sociology student and not just in the classroom. Kapag meron ang mga ibang groupong sinasalihan kapag jumali ka ng fan group ng BTS kapag army ka at meron nakasalomuhang fan din ng army. Sabihin mo, hi! I'm a sociologist, I work in UPD Laman and these are roles. I'm a BTS fan. These are roles and we organize ourselves based on these roles. Daming mong mga something, sociology, association of the Philippines yung mga ganyan. Bakit nang paka-interesting itong perspective na ito? The fact is these perspective recognizes that there are strong influences on the self. Kasi yung role mo ay in relation always siya sa ibang tao. Hindi mo pating sabihin ay ma-dotter kung wala ka naman nana or wala ka naman tatay. Hindi mo pating sabihin ay mga spouse if wala ka naman partner in life. Hindi mo naman pating sabihin ay exist na BTS group. Itong role mo ay dependin siya doon sa ibang tao and dependin din siya sa role at sa ginagawa at sa estado ng buhay sa stature ng ibang mga tao. At dahil dependin itong role na ito. Napakad strong ng external influences. One example is yung expression na teacher ka pa naman. But teacher always 24-7 kapag Sunday tapos na malayin ka sila at naka sleeveless merong magusabi na ay bakit naka sleeveless yun. Teacher ba rin naman siya. Of course, the fact that women or the fact that we all can wear whatever we want is a different topic altogether. I support that. We can wear whatever we want. But the fact is the roles that we have have a lot of strong, have a lot of external influences. Dahil ikaw ay isang engineering student dahil ikaw ay isang sociologist na may mga expectation nang tao sa iyo. So bakit ako iya anak, na may mga expectation nang tao sa iyo. Ginawan nga siya ng kanta, di ba? Alright. So next, ay sinisabi nang perspective na ito na who we are is a performance. Ano ay ang performance ito? Do I need to dance? Do I need to sing in order to realize that I have a self? No, it's not the case. This is a theory from Irving Goffman. He uses the metaphor of theater to discuss who we are. So sa theater, marikang front stage, marikang backstage. And the front stage, ito yung performance na. Ito yung backstage yung tayong nag-relax. This is where we ran to our co-actors, yung mag-genyan. And meron tayong script na-follow. Alakas yung connection niya dun sa earlier perspectives on the rules that we have. So we have a front stage where we perform a self and we have a backstage where only trusted people can see who we are. An example, private Twitter. So and not just Twitter, marami yung mga gumagawa ng private Facebook ngayon, private Instagram. I have someone who has private Twitter, private Facebook, private Instagram. Bakit siya nag-gumagawa nang ganoong mga private accounts? Kasi iba yung kailangan nilang yung project na self sa public profile nila. Iba yung zotoong self, itong laidback self nagusto nila. Parang nagusto nila at alam nilang sino sila. Parang ganyan. So if you use, so a lot of people use Facebook of course to connect with workmates. Now, a lot of people use Facebook to connect with students, with their co-teachers, et cetera, et cetera. And sometimes you can really post one of the things that you want on those Facebook profiles. Kasi baka maghikita ng boso mo, baka maghikita ng co-teacher mo, tapos kung ano isipin nya sayo. So you create another private Facebook. So ganto yon. Meron ka ina-uphold na certain identity and you perform that all throughout. In all your posts, you make sure that you uphold this certain identity. And yung private profile mo, you filter to people who can see you. Either your closest friends or your family members. Right? And sila lang yun ang nakakita nung tutoong ginagwa mo, kung tutoong sinasabi mo, tutoong iniisip mo in life. Next, and in relation to performance and front stage, sinasabi nang si perspective na ito na the self is composed of a combination of what the person knows and what other people know. Okay? Itong image na ito na na sa slide ay yung juharyo window at tina-tawag natin. So there is a public area or an open area wherein the self that you know is also the self that other people know. Meron kang blind area or unknown area. Na ito yung dingin ng ibang tao sa you, pero hindi ka aware. So marami kang mga blind spots. Like in our profession, our blind spots composed of an example is our manualism. Hindi naman namin masyado talagang con, hindi naman talagang kami conscious na, bago na kami most of the time na, right? Diba, bago namin kami most of the time. Ninsan de hindi na kami aware na masyado kami nga bilis magsalita. Itong masyado ng nga bilis magsalita is something that I have struggled to be aware of like all my life in all my lectures. So and then man kang private hidden area. Yung ikaw lang yung nakahalam. Para iti hindi na talag nating backstage kanina itong private area mo. Na hindi alam na ibang tao. Hindi mo pinapakita sa hanyala. Okay? And man kang unknown area. Itong hindi mo alam, hindi na ibang tao. So kailang mo po siyang hanapin, not necessarily. Pero ang gusto ka ipagilad dito ay itong unknown area ay connectedo siya doon sa unang pinagusapan natin on finding the self, the true self that you have. Okay? So magka-connecta as we can see yung mga perspectiveong ginagamit natin. And they can mix and match. They can be used in different situations in different contexts to make sense of the self. All right. The next one says that the self is composed of an ay and a me. And this is not just in terms of grammar. Hindi ito grammar class. Ito ay isang and is lecturer on understanding self and others for your NSTP module. Ang sinasabi lang dito we have conformist and rule breaker selves. Galang ito ha and this is a perspective that we have in sociology. Yung ay ito yung sinasabi natin adjantic self. Ito yung active self. Ito yung intentional self. Ito yung me. Ito yung passive. Ito yung conformist. Ito yung laging umuo-o. Okay? And one is not necessarily better than the other. Ang sinasabi ito sa perspective dito we use both ay and me in varying degrees. Okay? So lahat tayo may ay and me. Kapag ikaw for example is a straight is a straight honor student you get um one point something or one point zero in all of your subjects you you go home at exactly the time that your parents tell you to do so you sleep at exactly the time that other that doctor say our health doctor say is healthy um 8 hours lang yung yung sleep mo ginyan you are using your me. You are conforming to what people and society say that you should do. Gaya itong ay naman is um who we think about as the more creative rule breaker self. Diba na parang um hindi ka sumusunod sinasabi ng lipuna at ng ibang tao. So kapag sinabi ng lipunan na ikaw ay babae at dapat um you shrink yourself smaller in order for men to take up space at ayong mong gawin yun. Ay ayo ako e. Yung ba you are using your eye. Ngibat again one is not necessarily better than the other we use both in varying degrees. An example is choosing your own degree program. A lot of people will say piliin mo to kasi ito yung matasing bayad ito yung pangmatalino ito yung gusto ng tatay mo maganyan ito yung mga kabuti sa family business natin maganyan but ito yung inside yun parang gusto mong pumili ng ibang uro so balagin natin hikita yan sa TV na gusto nung tawong mag fine arts pero gusto ng mga magulang mag business administration or gusto ng mga magulang mag doctor and it's always a question of who am I going to employ is it my I self or is it my me to change the course of your life you have to make sure that you're using the I more than you're using the me if you want to change the world you can never change the world of course if you always allow the me overpower the I alright nang sinasabi naman dito at ito e galing kay Charles Horton Cooly I the self varies depending on who I am is who I think you think I am so dalawang think lang yun ha who I am is who I think you think I am hindi siya who I am is who you think I think I am siya ganoon so let's break it down okay and I'm going to use face to face face to face learning system as an example so kapag ikaw yung and dahikita mo yung mga esojante mo tumata mo ng mingit e orang siya sabin aa o o na para iniisip ang galing kung teacher di ba ang galing kung teacher because you I interpret itong aa itong itong ganto ang mga esojante as them understanding what I'm saying okay so dalawang layers kasi ito because in interpret ko yung reaction ng mga esojante bilang bilang aa reaction bilang action nila to say na magaling ako okay I can be wrong in my interpretation of course okay itong pag pag tumawa for example yung isang esojante tas ahalam mo tinatawa ninyo yung joke mo you know that laugh can mean other things also tumatawa siya kasi niisip niya jusko bakit ako nag-enroll sa subject na to aa may god parang ane so that laugh can mean other things also pero in interpret mo siya as a laughter of affirmation on your end as a teacher okay so again the self that you think you are depends on how you interpret people's interaction with you you can be wrong in your interpretation eto lang yung sinasabi natin the self is maintained through capitalist activities now what does this mean only in consumption do we define ourselves you know when we watch different advertisements when we attend in different love or when we attend different love yourself lectures lagi sinasabi express yourself but how do you do that how do you express yourself how do you show other people that hey eto ako as a person there's only one thing to do that or there's only one way to do that you spend di ba and it is in the way that we spend that we solidify ourselves that we solidify how people will see us a lot of people will say na um pwede naman hindi pwede naman hindi ka gumasus ng mahal pwede naman magmagukay magaganyan and I advocate for that of course pwede naman hindi ka nabubili nang bago ng damit but the fact is yung mga ginagamit mag-reuse mo ay bitili pa rin yung mga taon bibiliin mo pa din in a much lower price right um and people can be very and people and these these interpretation of the self can also be extended by way of saying na our consumption is not because we need those things but because we need to be someone kung iisipin mga bakit kabibili ng macbook kung meron naman ibang mga laptop dyan na for the same specs yung iba mas maganda pa makuha ka ng ay for the same specs ay mga uha mo ng mas mababang presyo ay kabibili nang bagong iPhone ena pahamahal nyan at least 50k yung kaya mga 50,000 yung dapat mo itabi para babili nang bagong iPhone ay o ibang mga smartphones dyan for half the price mas maganda na yung specs bakit kabibili ng supreme na damit e kapag bumili ka dyan sa banketa or sa pwede ka makahanap ng same comfort cotton ganyan sa ukay-ukay kasi yung yung pagdamit mo ng supreme na bago yung pagbili mo ng genong kamahal na damit may sinasabi sa kung sino ha ang bilibilin natin simbolo at simbolo ito ng kung sino tayo at kung ano yung kaya natin sa buhay e bakit kabibili ng mercedes kung pwede ang bumili nang ng toyota nang kia kasi at yung mercedes yung in the drive mo lang around betromanila na napakatrafic hindi ka naman pal hindi ka hindi mo naman siya pal yung yung full speed diba kasi may sinasabi etong pagbili mo tungkol sa kung sino at kung ayamong gawin at kung ano yung kaya mong gawin bilang isang tao and a lot of people don't realize this pag sa brands what brands do is to sell a self right just do it etong brand ito sinasabi niya ay etong mga nagsusoot ng gantong sapatos ay mga gold getter just do it and they are selling a personality ay so guno nyo next and this is the second to the last perspective ay the self is a product of hegemonic discourse I break down natin siya kasi parang nakakatakot tung hegemonic discourse na ito hegemonic discourse is a concept that we use in sociology ang ibig sabihin nito ang hegemonic powerful ang discourse is a set of conversations okay so and lang nating na rinig yung discourse no gender discourse education discourse yung mag discourse just means a set of conversations okay so self is a discourse basically because there are a lot of things that people can say about this self contrast it to the bait the bait mayang ang dalamang side right so this course there are infinite sides napakaraming pedeng sabihin zon ang pinapitant ko dito ang pinapitant ko dito ang pinapitant ko dito are just ten different perspectives of the self napakaraya pang image so self is also a discourse gender is a discourse and I'm meaning sinasabi nang mga tao tunggu sa discourse silang siya now dominant categories define how people label and view themselves right isang silahin natin to okay the way that we define ourselves are always in terms of gender and class kasi gender and class form two of the most dominant discourses in at least Philippine culture di ba kapag sinasabeng sino ka ba babae ako lalaki ako at yung fact na pagiging babae mo ay nakaangkla sa kung ano ba yung meron ka sa git nanong hita mo yung fact na lalaki ka ay nakaangkla kung anong meron sa git nanong hita mo and you are afforded different privileges because of what you have between your legs you are forced to undergo different struggles just because of what you have between your legs pero itong paglabel natin ang mga tao based on yung mga ari nila based on their quote-unquote sexual organs ay product lamang dominant discourse if you think about it in other ways pwede mong isipin bakit ba natin bakit ba natin ginagamit yung vagina and penis pang categorize ang tao ay pwede naman natin siya i-categorize using the size of their ears ay sumobos itong tingan natin nakadikit siya dito sa pangan natin parang ganon or dito sa dito diba yung aking hindi pero yung iba nakadikit siya pwede naman natin siyang i-categorize in terms of that di ba pwede naman natin yung organization society not in terms of how much you earn right but in terms of how much how many people you have parang yun in terms of any other thing ay so yung yung babay ako na lalaki ako ay party lamang nandomin nating discourse pwede tayo maging ibang mga tao kung iba yung ginagamit natin categories kung iba yung ginagamit natin terms to label to label ourselves we can be different people all together and we will know if these categories are dominant kasi silo yung laging tinat at yung mga categories na laging tinatanong satin if you fill out a form when you apply for UCCAT for example andaming mga kailangan sex at birth birthday region desired degree program and these are dominant categories bakit hindi tanongin ng UCCAT na desired number of steps per day bakit hindi tanongin ng UCCAT na desired color of UP ID kasi hindi niya to ginagamit na category para ijudge ka kung karapat dapat kabang makapasok sa UP so what I want to say is that these dominant categories carry with them different privileges different expectations and these dominant categories can be otherwise pwede siyang maging ibang mga tao ito lang ang hirap isipin no isang mundo na hindi natin ginagamit ang mga kategoriang ginagamit natin nyo na hindi natin nilalabel yung mga tao at hindi natin sa na inorganized based on their age degree program year in college grades kasi napaka ingrain sa isip natin at napaka dominante napaka powerful na itong kategories na ito yung hirap isipin otherwise I mean even me I can I'll find it difficult to imagine a self that is a world that is otherwise and the self of course that is otherwise but if you use your eye to enough maybe you can do that maybe you can imagine a different world and this is what a lot of activists do they imagine a different world before were different categories to identify ourselves and that is because they use their eye over there me in that aspect alright ato na yung last perspective na ipepasan ko the self is seen as inherently connected to other people eto yung sikulohiyang Pilipino ba? kapwa at pagikipagkapa ang kapwa at pagikipagkapa ay ideal form of relating with one another as a fellow hindi mo tinitignan yung iba bilang ibang mga tao and it's really a very Filipino although different social scientists will say na tagalog centric eto that conversation is for another day kaya sinasabi nila ang sinasabi natin sa tagalog ay ay hindi ka naman ibang tao iba friend, pa-sensyon ako ikitulog muna ako dito ha kasi wala kami internet sa bahay ok lang yun friend hindi ka naman ibang tao at tapak cultural dito hindi matri yung self mo ay always siya connectado sa kung anong nararanasan kung anong condition na mga tao sa pagigid mo bilang isang kapwa right? ok na as a call to action and as a way to wrap the discussion up what can we do as students for nation building the first thing is to recognize that our sense of self varies ok so dahil iba yung pinanggalingan mo sa ibang context o ka lumake malamang iba yung self mo doon sa ibang mga tao at connectado siya dito sa second bullet mo ay check your privilege magkakibatayon na yung pinagmulan right? we said a while back during the first part of our discussion that only in understanding the self can you understand the society vice versa so you know that you are afforded these kinds of self-expression that you can express yourself in this manner because you grew up in a middle class family in an educated family in a family that lives in in the urban metropolis and not saying that those who have those who live in rural areas and those who are in those socioeconomic classes have less ability to express themselves I'm not saying that I'm only saying that you have different like different opportunities you have different ways on how you express yourself iba now if you want to do something about that you have to check your privilege you see pin mo na ay nakakabili ako ng gandong mga bagay kasi ito yung expectation sa ako yung makakibigan kung may aman nakakabili ako ng mga gandong bagay because I want to fit in nakakabili ako nakakabili ako ng mga gandong bagay kasi kaya ko kaya nung pamilya ko right? and next is to be intentional about your actions na alam mo alam mo yung rason kung makat mo ginagawa to alam mo yung rason yung makakit mo pinapost etong gandong bagay sa social media alam mo yung rason yung makakit kagumagawa ng gandong account sa social media you know and big intentional really can do wonders coming from personal experience also and next uphold your scholar ng bayan identity and these can be interpreted in many different ways kaya your scholar ng bayan identity depends on you lagi natin sinasabi scholar para sa bayan scholar ng bayan but yung scholar para sa bayan is someone that serves the Filipino people yung scholar ng bayan recognizes na yung tao yung pinanggalingan ng privilege yung mong mag-aral sa isang top university sa mundo okay? and you serve people you can only serve people if you know what you can contribute in uplifting the conditions of the country niba ako hindi mo na hindihan yung sarili mo alindi mo na hindi hindihan yung lipunan paano mo yung gagawin paano mo sa sabihin serve the people paano mo i-practice at i-realize yung pagliling ko sa samba yalan kailangan ma kailangan alam mo muna kung sino ha kung ano yung contribution mo sa lipunan at kailangan alam mo na hindi na muna yung lipunan na yun ganon next is you maximize university resources okay? at yung university resources natin ay na highlight talaga siya ngayong nagkapandemia kasi we are forced now to download journal articles we are forced now to use up subscriptions yeah so and dahil andaming mga mga marami tayong mga nagagami na different accounts galing sa pera na yung samba yun and of course you always have to think about the people who helped us get the education that we're getting right now and of course, give back to them this may sound very cliche but ang gusto kong i-point out dito ay atong hindi mo naman to pwedeng gawin na okay cliche siya baka inisip mo cliche siya pero paulit-ulit siya kailangan uli kailangan sabihin especially kasi we're talking about understanding self and others and it is only in understanding yourself and the society that you live in that you can effectively contribute to uplifting the conditions of the country so ayan lamong po marami salamat if you have any questions you can reach me at my email airpresso.ub.edu.ph and I'm also active on social media and also you can also contact me through ashpresso.com so marami salamat at stay safe po sa lahat mas kumain mo baka kong payangin sarap na pagsubo wag kang sasubo diyan ang gosis ang sigaw nangmasak ang makubat asa