 Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I'm, as you know, the lead Democrat on the anti-trust subcommittee and I'm going to take a little different approach here than Mr. Holly did when it comes to competition policy because I understand why they might be coordinating when it comes to security. What I want to focus on is what I think we're seeing all over this country, not just in tech. We're seeing a start-up slump. We're seeing more and more consolidation and throughout history we've seen that that is not good for small businesses. It's not good for consumers and it's not good for capitalism in the end. Even successful companies, even popular companies and even innovative companies are subject to the anti-trust laws of this country. When I asked Mr. Pichai about this at the Commerce Committee hearing a few weeks ago, he said he told me Google was happy to take feedback and my response was that the Justice Department already provided feedback in the form of a federal anti-trust complaint and I know there is investigation reportedly going on out of the FTC right now regarding your company, Mr. Zuckerberg. So I want to start with exclusionary conduct regarding excluding smaller competitors by limiting interoperability with the Facebook platform. The investigation that we saw in the House recently gave us a number of examples of companies, excluded companies including Vine, Stacklaw, Message Me, and ARC. And my view is this conduct, exclusionary conduct, not only damaged the ability of these smaller businesses to compete but it deprived customers of convenient access. You're one of the most successful companies, biggest companies in the world, Mr. Zuckerberg, Facebook. Do you think that this is fair competition or not with regard to the interoperability and how you've conducted yourself with these other companies? Senator, I'm generally strongly in favor of interoperability and building platform and API access for companies to be able to access. That's where we built the Facebook platform in 2007. Some of the policies that you mentioned, I think came about because what we were seeing was not necessarily startups but larger competitors like Google and some of our Chinese rivals from trying to access our systems in order to use their scale to compete with us better. And it just felt to us like at the time that that wasn't the intent of what we were trying to enable. Okay, well, we may have a non-Chinese example here. I just want to know, I know that maybe we could hear from Mr. Dorsey and I have concerns about Facebook's treatment of Twitter's subsidiary Vine. It's my understanding is that once Facebook recognized Vine as a competitor after Twitter acquired it in 2013, it cut off Vine's ability to interoperate with Facebook so that Vine users couldn't upload their videos to Facebook. And then I think that Twitter shut down Vine in 2016. Mr. Dorsey, could you tell me about the actual impact of Facebook's actions on Vine's business, on Vine's ability to compete and on your decision to shut down the service? And I know you're not a Chinese company. Well, I don't know about the intent on the other side, but I know our own experience was, we found it extremely challenging to compete with Vine and ultimately decided that the ball moved past us and we shut it down. Again, I don't know the specifics and the tactics and what was done, but we did find it very, very challenging market to enter, even though we existed prior to some of our peers doing the same thing. Okay, I'm going to move to something else quickly, Instagram and WhatsApp. We've have some released internal Facebook emails in which you, Mr. Zuckerberg, wrote that Instagram was nascent and if they grow to a large scale, they could be very disruptive to us. And in a later email, you confirmed that one of the purposes of Facebook acquiring Instagram would be to neutralize a competitor. You wrote those emails that were mentioned in that House report, is that right, Mr. Zuckerberg? Senator, I believe so and I've always distinguished between two things though. One is that we had some competition with Instagram in the growing space of kind of camera apps and photo sharing apps, but at the time I don't think we or anyone else viewed Instagram as a competitor is a kind of large multi-purpose social platform. In fact, people at the time kind of mocked our acquisition because they thought that we dramatically spent more money than we should have to acquire something that was viewed as primarily a camera and photo sharing app at the time. Okay, well, and then here's the issue, so we don't know how it would have done and when we look at your emails, it kind of leads us down this road as well with WhatsApp that part of the purchase of these nascent competitors is to, I'll use the words of FTC Chairman Joe Simons who just said last week, a monopolist can squash a nascent competitor by buying it, not just by targeting it with anti-competitive activity. So I know that this is a subject of investigation. Maybe we'll be hearing something soon, but I think it's something the committee members better be aware of, not just with Facebook, but what's been going on with these deals that have gone through and how has had led to more and more consolidation and how we as the Senate, and I just talked to Chairman Graham about this last week, could actually do something about this by changing some of the standards in our laws to make it easier to bring these cases and not just involving tech.