 Elizabeth, may I now turn to you and ask you as our most expert in Europe to tell us what you can tell us about the example of the European Union, which basically was built at the beginning on economic interest with the SECA, are the best practices that we could share with our African partners and friends, are there also bad policies that they could make the economy off? How can we somehow, how have we arrived to Brexit? Is that something that could happen in Africa if we don't pay enough attention to the people who are going to be the first consumers and the first, I would say, beneficiaries of this agreement? So thank you for your wisdom on that. European, especially African, who are at the height of the stakes that we have to face together, then you have to invent a new partnership, which is a partnership of equal to equal. So then we are inspired by good practices, there you are absolutely right, and we are looking to draw from the sound of what did not work for Africans in Europe and for Europe, by the way, what did not work in Africa, that naturally. So I would like to say on the relations, I would like to insist on the relations between Europe and Africa, because we hear a lot say in France that Africa can be for Europe a nightmare or a dream. Me, what I see is that indeed, the populists in Europe, everywhere in Europe now, insist on the fact that Africa will be a nightmare for the Europeans. That's it. Their trade fund, their trade fund, which has always been, by the way, for extremists to attest the fears, without ever proposing solutions, well, takes the argument that the demographic expansion in Africa is so superior to the economic expansion that, despite the dynamism of Africa, we will be able to, in Africa, create enough jobs to absorb the demands of jobs of young people, and that, therefore, we are talking about 200 million unemployment, if we do not create enough jobs, moreover, extremists and populists say, well, all these young people are going to feed even more the insecurity and instability in Africa, which is still already big, feed, and, by the way, the traffic, or, well, then, to defy them, that's their language to them, to defy Europe. So, I don't think that, on the European side, we have to ignore these fears, I mean, the unequivocal demographic that exists, we have to look at it, obviously, look at it in the face. But the populists also play on other fears that come from further away, which are, for Europeans, the fear of decline, of the loss of influence, there have been a lot of questions in the discussions since yesterday, Europeans must get used to becoming emigration countries, while they have been in the history of emigrants themselves, they must get used to not ruling the world anymore, and on the African side, of course, there are also, in view of Europe, this feeling that still exists and that must also be understood, which comes from colonialism and from neocolonialism, which has continued to survive after the independence. So, all of these are fears, a constructive development of relations between Europe and Africa. But the problem is that if these fears dominate, if we don't react to these speeches that are made by the populists, then Europe will close more and more to Africa, and if Africa, due to its needs that you know, of infrastructure, of obviously important and fast financing, sells itself to China, you speak about it brutally, there will come a time when there will be considerable damage on both sides. And Europe risks, then, to be dominated by the populists, as we see it in Italy, which will feed, because the populists are unable to bring, obviously, real answers to people's problems, it will feed a lot of disillusionment, and therefore even more, to close, and to reflect on itself. And on the side of Africa, it will come well if Africa, hopefully, helps with the ease of the short term of having these financing, well, there will be a time when we will present the note anyway, the surrogacy, already, is a problem. So, compared to that, what I would like to say is that there is no fatality on the contrary to this nightmare, and I think that Africa and Europe can, on the contrary, have and build together winning relations on both sides, and that's what I think. So, how? First, why? First, because there are obvious complementarity. On the one hand, we have an old Europe that needs a job, and a living force. On the other hand, we have, on the contrary, a violent youth. We also have, obviously, in Europe, there are, for Africa, training opportunities, technological imports, so we can see that these complementarity could be combined to create positive synergies. And then, the reason to do so is that there are common challenges that can only be overcome if there are cooperative strategies between Europe and Africa. This is, of course, not only the challenge of youth employment, but the challenges of artificial intelligence, well, of the whole new economy, of the mastery of mobility, because mobility will grow with development. It has been shown for a long time. So, even if Africa develops more harmoniously than today, anyway, the demand for mobility will be greater. So, we are absolutely condemned to manage that. I think that we need a co-management of these movement of population to be able to regulate them, to control them, and not to close everything, to organize legal ways of mobility of both parties. And then, obviously, we need to fight together against all forms of insecurity and, obviously, to raise the ecological challenge. So, how can we do this? First of all, it seems to me that Europe and Africa must take their respective responsibilities. Don't throw yourself and throw yourself at the ball, say, it's your fault, it's not mine, we hear that all the time. I think that Europe must now invest more in Africa, not just content with trade. That is to say, a lot of buying raw materials, transforming them into Europe and reselling them, which doesn't create much employment in African countries. I know trade, but we can't just rely on it. So, investment in the private sector, unfortunately, the international aid has a lot of power that you denounce, that is to say, the bad governance and corruption, too, in Africa. That is the responsibility of Africans. I don't insist, you have a lot to insist on, but it is extremely important, obviously. And it seems to me that we can do it by capturing an opportunity that is in front of us, which is the negotiation of the post-Cotonous agreements. Well, so far, it is still not visible, but there is still this experience in 2020. Until then, the Cotonous agreements were a kind of crap where we put together all the old colonized countries of the European Union. We must absolutely counter the questions of Europe and Africa separately, with, in my opinion, four requirements. First, a political strategy that is defined and accepted both sides, whether it is equal to equal, or on both sides, we put proposals on the table, where we have real political discussions between the responsible. The second thing is that it seems to me that there would be co-production agreements in the key sectors that we all know, the big food, the energy, the ecology, the digital, the health, the education. We must absolutely have a bank holding banks to secure investments and ensure the mobility of the capital. The banks currently exist. They are far from doing these things their priority. And finally, it seems to me, as Pemed said, but Jean-Louis Guigot may also come here a lot, on all that, by the way. We must have a foundation, as it exists in Asia, between China, Japan and the countries of the South, of Asia as it exists between the US, a foundation that mixes, as we do here at the WPC, but in a permanent way, experts, researchers, political officials, business leaders, to both analyze the present and think about the future. What should we do to maximize our chances together? And finally, I will really finish with that. Not only do we have to work on the economy, but we also have to work on the cultural dialogue. Because the European fear is also very identifiable and on the African side, too. And so, if we don't get there, if we continue to live with the idea that there is a clash of civilizations that we put religion to all this, with a lot of amalgams, we won't get there. There is especially a clash of ignorance, as a well-known philosopher used to say, and so we have the duty to erase differences, because it's a wealth, but to see what is approaching us and between Europeans and Africans, there is history, which also had these good times. There are human links, especially, which are a great wealth and which we don't benefit enough. And it seems to me that all this should be more in the public debate. We only hear about catastrophes. I tell you, because at the Annaline Foundation for the Dialogue of Euro-Mediterranean Cultures, we have measured this in great studies for ten years, studies that we do every three years. Our societies expect that we put in light precisely what is approaching us and not what divides us. And when we ask them about the problems that are constantly exploited in populist discourses, is that what is essential? We have measured that. Well, people say, yes, it's true, it's problems. War, turmoil, racism, xenophobia, but between us, it's not essential. So, I think what I wanted to tell you this afternoon is that there are really problems of Europe. It's a thing. We have to rule them. I think that Europe has revealed much more resilient than we thought at the beginning of Brexit, which will be more a problem for the United Kingdom, much more than for the European Union, even if it's a weakness, objectively, for both. And I think that we don't actually have any other choice than to try to work together once again in a different state of mind of the past and, unfortunately, still a bit of a certain presence. Thank you very much, Elisabeth, for this general analysis that sets the frame of our discussion. I take one point in particular, which is that of the renegotiation of the Cotenou agreements, because it's true that we will have to be aware of what it accompanies, or even comforts the implementation of this exchange-free agreement. It's one of the subjects on which we will certainly have to pay attention.