 What I'm going to do is briefly introduce everybody. They are going to be speaking briefly, each of them, describing what their institution is up to, and then we're going to have an open panel discussion posted by NICO here at the convention. So we have, at the Zend Scott viral room, some of you may know, linked to our, a recent publication in our publication series, so you can see some visually interesting work there. We have a mass wrestle, Matthew Russell, along with Rebecca Allen, who's coming from the Environmental Science Association, or, hey, here we go. Okay, I guess here she is. We did say the chair, there's a chair. Then we have a far-western with 80's, we've heard our western nearby, a little bit farther east, and then a ring con, ring con, ring con consultants with kind of, whatever they all work, and then William Self, who is not William Self, is a gentleman, and over here, I'm going to stand over here, so I'm not going to be here. Then, the civic legacy is the next one with John Holson, and then the last one we have here is A-C-A-S-C, which doesn't make sense, but it's from Sonoma State, it is the Anthropological Studies Center, I've entered it all here. Anthropological Studies Center from Sonoma State, which is north here, so we're in a sort of continent area around the Berkeley region, so without further ado, we don't care what the sequence is, we thought we'd start from one end and go to the other, but if that is not what you want to do, you can do whatever you want, but we would like you to be fairly brief. Thank you very much, and welcome. I mean, we have to make a decision, if that isn't much, all right. So then we can all say, I agree with you. You can say, what the hell did he just say? All right, see now we'll see who's got eyes in the back of their heads, and we'll also see if this little machine actually works. There it is, or F5, I remember that much from using a PC. All right, so thanks very much for inviting Dana over here and me here, so what's gonna happen is, I'll say things for a couple of minutes, and I'm sure we'll say things for a couple of minutes. So I'd start by saying we're kind of here under false pretenses, because ASC, the Anthropological Studies Center, is not actually a firm, it's not a CRM firm or a business, because if it was, I'd probably be rich, because I could sell it out and everything. It's really a, yeah, like John is talking about. We're actually a university-based research institute, and our goal is really to give students the opportunity to do what it is that professional archaeologists do, and to get paid for it. We are located at Sonoma State University, it's about a campus of about 100,000 students, about 50 miles from here. Since 1979, we've been offering an MA degree and I've got flyers in cultural resource management. We've graduated about 140 students, would you believe it or not in that? Next, let's see if we've got how to do this. And I'll note that our degree is in CRM and it's not in archaeology. Now, our mission is indeed to get people experience, but because, you know, most people don't actually design their careers to go into CRM. I actually did. Most students actually have this fantasy about being a professor, so I thought I'd tell you the reality of that. Some numbers here, there's about 1,100 tenured professors of anthropology in the U.S. Each year, about 160 new PhDs in North America, so you do the math. So if you do the math, and I did this, that's okay, I need another one. If they all turned over and everybody got a job, who's got the degree, it'll take about six and a half years, it doesn't happen. So the deal is most people who are going to anthropology, into archaeology rather, will either get a job in the cultural resource management field, or they might not get a job at all. And in fact, when it comes down to it, CRM is actually a much better career choice for various reasons that I give you than academia, that's one who knows. So, what do we do? Like I said, our mission is to give people practical experience, and we do it by contracting to do required CRM studies, things that are done by law. People don't do these studies because they want to, by and large they don't want to do them, but we take them up and we do these studies on contract. Essentially, we team students, mostly graduate students, with professional staff, and they get to work on the entire project with a bit of luck, all the way from constructing a scope of work, all the way down to, hopefully, they don't do a billing. Gaval, you don't want to worry about that. Deal with Native Americans and other descendant groups. The key thing is, because this is not a simulated work environment, it's a real work environment, students get paid at their level to do this job. We do a whole bunch of different kinds of stuff, and you can read that, and this picture is actually on top of Fort Point, you know, the Fort of Fort Point. I don't know if anybody's ever done archaeology 30 feet up in the air, but we're actually doing dirt archaeology 30 feet up in the air. I'll explain it later if I'm not now. Anyway, so we do all manner of different things that relate to archaeology, we also do, we're very big on working with tribes, Dana's gonna talk about oral history and so on. Our goal is to help people walk straight out of our program and get a job, essentially, because they know how to do what it is that people in industry and people in government service actually do, you know, it's no good waving a piece of paper at someone and saying, oh look, M-A-M-A-M-A, they're gonna go, oh yeah, but can you do anything? And the answer is, often it's not no. So our goal is to help them actually do stuff. Let's see what we got here. Oh, so I've done with my talk, which means we're halfway done, so here's Dana, it will make a lot more sense than me. No, so my name's Dana, and I'm the oral historian over at the ASC, I'm just gonna talk a little bit about the other stuff, some of our other stuff. So we do a lot of oral history, a lot of it as part of these CRM projects, actually, but we also do them as grant-funded projects. I did one a few years ago that focused on Japanese flower growers in the East Bay, and that was a Cal Humanities Grant. I also just finished a national endowment for the Humanities Grant that involved oral histories as well. So sort of branch out in that way and are able to do things with grants and oral histories. And we also do it as an independent service. Did one for a private ranch, actually, where we rediscovered an old cemetery, so that was a really rewarding one. Oh, and I will say that recently, a lot more of the theses that are coming through the program have involved oral histories and a lot more people, Palmer students are coming to me and asking me, how do I incorporate this into my research? So that's a big change that I think we're seeing. And then we also do interpretation also as components of CRM projects and also as public outreach parts of grants, like I said before. And we also do interpretive planning. I'm now a certified interpretive planner, some extra letters behind my name now. Yeah, it's very exciting. Did you get a raise? No. No raise? Yeah. No raise. Good idea. But so we do planning documents, like the example of there is one that was done for State Park. And then, oh, did our other one not get in there? It didn't get in. Oh, okay. Well, there's supposed to be also sort of a technological slide in there, not my area of expertise, but we do have that at our facility. We offer advanced GIS. Our new director, who sadly, Adrienne, is our retiring director. But our new director is very focused on technology and archeology in the digital age, and he has drones, which is very exciting to us. So there's 3D modeling and Visualization. Visualization model, yes. So we offer that as well. We do stuff. We do high tech stuff moving into the future. So I think that's it for us. Yeah? Okay. Next year we're losing the lead. We're losing the lead. Okay, I'm technologically... Right, so how do I get out of here? Hey. All right. Ha ha. I take my job very seriously. Ha ha. Okay. My name is John Holson. I'm one of the three, four owners of Pacific Legacy Incorporated. I kind of took a little bit of tack, a different tack than this one. So I'm going to talk a little bit about our company and then talk about what's happening in CRM and then wind up with giving you guys some pointers on how to get a job. So who we are. We have, there's four principles. We work mainly California, Oregon, Hawaii and in the Pacific like Guam and out there. We have an Hawaii office, which everybody wants to go to, but only a few are chosen. We have eight senior archaeologists and when I walked in and thought it was all guys, I thought, oh man, just like the Last Supper. But six of our senior archaeologists are all women. So just to throw that in to be politically whatever. And then, so we have a whole administrative support staff and when one thing we do is we hire a lot of seasonal employees for our projects. And we do actually draw from Berkeley quite a bit. I always felt that we were kind of a holding tank for PhDs that couldn't get jobs. Like Adrian said, they stayed with us for a couple years and then move on a bit. So what is CRM? Well, it's kind of managing historical places of archeological, architectural, historical, spiritual interests and considering such places in compliance with environmental and historic preservation laws. So the key thing is a lot of it's a legislated and that it happens. I've had the opportunity to work overseas in Tahiti and a lot of it is all legislated. As Adrian said, some people don't want to do it. But cultural resources, why should I care? Well, it's a collective cultural heritage. Not that I'm promoting nationalism like some people are these days, but it does contribute to our sense of place in our cultural identity. Whether you're an ethnic community or an 1880s building out at Golden Gate National Recreation Area that has the history and stuff. They do possess scientific, educational, recreational aesthetic and spiritual values. So a lot of parks that you go to, they're archeological sites. Malikov Diggings, Rick Fitzgerald, back there manages quite a few archeological sites and the folks come and visit and have a good time. There's a lot of schools that visit and stuff. I mean, there's a whole component that you don't hear about that's involved in that. And they're finite, they're fragile, irreplaceable, they're non-renewable. So when they built Bolt Hall, one of the earliest fraternities here on Berkeley campus got excavated out there. So I'm not gonna go through all the laws, but these are all the laws and you can call my office and ask for the laws, but you probably won't get an answer. But you can look them up. And so one of the interesting places where we work is actually the Presidio of San Francisco. And we like working out there. We have a non-call contract with them and they have a really rich history that covers most of California, a lot of California's history really. So one of the neatest projects is funny that you said Fort Point, Adrian, and I hope you guys do higher archeology. One of the neatest projects we did was at the barracks for the new Disney Museum. And then what I call the cubby holes are in the rafters when they were putting a new roof on. There was all these things that soldiers stashed over the years. So there was, well, there was condoms. There was cigarettes, whiskey bottles, uniforms. There was a set of love letters from the Italian prisoner of war back home. So archeology just wasn't in the ground. It's, as Adrian said, it's in the air. And it was great. We found this one letter, if I start running on, because I tell stories. But anyway, there's this, we found this one letter is from a guy. He had a liaison, shall we say, and thought he had a social disease. And we found actually who it was and we could have looked it up and blackmailed his relatives. But we didn't. But it's an interesting slice of life. So the other thing to remember too is there's a lot of state laws. And I think that's gonna be important coming up with the new administration, is how strong California, and since I work in Hawaii as well, the Hawaii statuettes are gonna be upheld. So why don't we add to the mix a little bit all the different agencies that get involved in historic preservation? So the CPUC is a California Public Utilities Commission, California Energy Commission, Commission State Parks, Bureau of Land Management, Reclamation, blah, blah, blah, blah. But the gist is they all have their own sets of rules for doing everything. And they're not consistent sometimes. And it drives you crazy when you're going, you have to figure out, okay, what's the nexus? What's the regulatory nexus for this project? So basically, this is Kellyanne Conway, it's a three-step process. So we have identification, we have evaluation, and treatment. And that's basically it in a nutshell. So what direction are we going in? Are we getting moments of clarity? Or do we have to take things to kind of ease ourselves through the coming four years? So I went through, and this is the first 40 days so far. Now, you've all heard about the executive orders and the 12 memorandums. So I went through them. So an executive order is something that the president has the authority to issue and kind of bypass Congress, but he still has to get the funding for it. A memorandum is just a direction. So I kind of called what he's done that may affect CRM in the last, I think it's 41 days now, but anyway. So it's directing a review of water rules. It gives the federal government broad regulatory authority over rivers, streams, and wetlands. So part of the projects we do are with the Clean Water Act. It's called a section 404 current. You have to do kind of historical studies for it. So that may change. We'll just have to see. There's a regulatory reform task force that evaluates regulations and recommends the rules for repeal or modification. Well, Trump's is not the only one that's tried to do away with the regs. Bush tried to do with it, put it to some extent. With Bush it was great because they were gonna do away with the agencies that did the review and then it dawned on them that the, wait a minute, how am I gonna get my project permitted? There's no one looking at my reports. But okay, so they figured that out before it actually made the same. The one that I like is, and I'm gonna embarrass my daughter, I tell her from every two pair of shoes she gets rid of, I'll give her one. Well, Trump adopted my plan for getting rid of stuff by saying for every one regulation that's new, we have to get rid of two. Lately, the Dakota Pipeline and the Keystone Pipeline have been. With the Dakota Pipeline, I actually went through and looked at it. They did produce an environmental document and there was an archeologist that worked and there was mainly for federal land, so. And the document was actually okay. And so they couldn't fault the document, but what I didn't see was where they looked at what we call traditional cultural properties. And I think that was the point that would happen. There probably could be, maybe will be, a possible reduction of funding to make up for defense funding. We're proposing $53,000,000,000 for defense spending. And in the last thing that was hot off the press this morning, we do a lot of what's called circular work and that's kind of environmental cleanup, super fun. So old mines from the 1850s, 1860s, 1870s. We just finished one and I brought a brochure about it, Sulphur Bank. There's all kinds of arsenic lead and all that that pours into Sulphur Creek which flows into the hot springs, but the people there go there to commune and work with crystals, but they don't know that they're taking baths and arsenic lace water, but maybe it helps. I don't know. So anyway, so I think that's one area where there's gonna be budget cuts. The thing that happened yesterday, this is our new Secretary of the Interior. So a lot of the laws for preservation are grouped under the Department of the Interior. So we had the Secretariat's standards and guidance for happy archeologists or historians or whatever. So a lot of those rules come out of the Department of the Interior. Zanky says he's gonna support the parks. He may, there's proposals to turn national parks over to the states. He says he's probably not gonna let them sell off public land, but the issue of oil, gas and energy thing is gonna be a big issue and what kind of studies are gonna be required. So what's the solution? Well, at this point, it's kind of a wait and see. It's only been 40 days. People are freaking out. You should check out the Acra website. They have a really good explanation of what's going on, but I wanna emphasize that the public outreach component is very important. And I'm not, if there was a historic equivalent of a kitty hat or pussy hat or whatever it was, I would probably wear one. But anyway, you getting involved is, it actually does a lot. And I use the example up here of this hanger up here. This is hanger one at Moffitt Field, which you've already seen. It was, environmentally, it was a disaster. I mean, there was PCBs, all kinds of nasty stuff that were dripping on the floor, but I think it was built in the 30s and the Hiddenburg, Hildenburg. Anyway, this is where the big airships came in and stated Moffitt. Well, in the 60s, they wanted to tear it down. 70s, they proposed to tear it down, but the community organized, it was not eligible for the National Register, but the community organized and said, we love it. So even though there was proposals to tear it down, Apple stepped in and joined with the community to help save it. So now it stores Apple's people's cars. I don't know. Anyway, I've got saved. And here we have, you know, different students coming out to help us work. This is classes from the Cloverdale. This is a bribe right here. You can see the money that we're getting. So we do take bribes to help out. So what's next? Who knows? So anyway, well, you can go a couple ways on this one. But anyway, ACRA, the Society for California Archaeology and the Society for American Archaeology, follow legislative action. So you can always check there if you're interested. The goal seems to be reduced overall cost, time and management. We need to better define what sites should be preserved. I think natural gas and oil and energy seem to be the focus of doing away with some of the regulations. And actually the infrastructure projects may produce more jobs. So how do I get a job? First shot, take the opportunity to talk with all these people here and see what they say. They're all very knowledgeable. The CRIS, the California Historic Resources Information System puts out lists of archaeologists. And I would recommend that you guys get that and then send out your resume to people on that list if they have their interests. Make sure your resume has field experience in it within the first five lines. I appreciate that people work at Starbucks and I worked at a liquor store and all that. You don't want to put that first. You want to show what you're doing. Do not send your resume on a brown paper bag or with coffee or three stains. I had one creative person who heard about a job, wrote it on his lunch bag and sent it to me. Okay, all right, sure. And also hygiene is very important. So the other thing is get experience. You can't, I can't emphasize that so much. Field school, field school, field school. Take, well, you're an undergraduate. Get that field experience. Volunteer if you can. Your professors can use some help. Jung, we've hired one of Jung's students. Well, we've hired, we've actually hired a lot of people from here. But anyway, it's always nice when they come in with a specialty like follow analysis or geomorph or botanical or something like that. So just go to your professors and say, hey, I want some help. They like to pre-labour this. Learn to write, okay? And, okay, I misspelled it if you guys don't know. But where the jobs are after the field work is over is at a desk writing up reports and stuff like that. The field work ratio, you have 20 people out in the field for 10 days, but you've got two people sitting in an office for three months writing up the report. So, and then my last thing is it's a wide world out there and explore what you're interested in. The cool thing about archaeology is all of us all have different specialties and you can generally find one for you. That's it. Thank you. Thanks, John. It's a tough act to follow. I spent three weeks on that. That's not right. Anyway, sorry, that's not supposed to be there. My name's Jim Allen. I'm the president of WSA. We are a CRM firm, of course. We do prehistoric, historic archaeology. We do maritime archaeology. We do historic architecture. We have offices in Arenda, which is where our corporate headquarters is. We have offices in Arizona and Tucson in Salt Lake City, Utah, in Cedar City, Utah, and in Austin, Texas. And from those, we do work all over the Southwest and somewhat in the central part of the country. These are some of the projects we've done over the last few years. It's a little bit out of date, but this is some idea of the breadth of our coverage. We have 26 archaeologists on staff, eight of whom are PhDs and I'm proud to say four of those PhDs came from Berkeley, including myself. We used to have five when Matt worked for us. I lost my train of thought. It's still not over, though. I haven't forgiven him. So I wasn't quite sure what it is you wanted to hear from us. John certainly covered the gamut of everything I think you wanted to know, but not knowing that, I just thought I'd throw some slides in about some of the more interesting projects that we've done. These are mostly in the Bay Area in San Francisco. Just to give you an idea of some of the stuff that we do and what CRM firms in general do. Excuse my voice, I'm a little hoarse today. We're doing all the archaeology on the Trans-Bay Transit Center project in downtown San Francisco. You may know of that. This is a project we started in 2003 and if they build a high-speed rail part of it, we're not even half a ton yet. So this is a career project right here and we're very pleased to have won it and have been able to do quite a bit of good archaeology on it. This is some of the work that we did right in the beginning, running into some gold rush era house floors and deposits related to the very early years of the gold rush all the way up through the 1920s and 30s. And interestingly enough, when we got to the very end of the ground-disturbing part of the first phase of the project, which is the one that's going to be finished before the high-speed rail, they were within 25 or 30 feet of getting to the end of this big cement box that they built, putting in a cement floor. We found a burial at 60 feet below ground that dated to somewhere around 8,500 years ago. So that find in the middle of downtown San Francisco sort of affected the way archaeology is being done in San Francisco from that point forward in terms of the city identifying that particular layer below ground as being archaeologically sensitive and in the past it was never considered to be such. So now all the archaeological testing that goes on has to take into consideration the fact that there might be resources that are as deep as 60 or 70 feet below ground. Cultural resources, I mean. We're also doing a project over at the site of the former Schlage-Lach factory, which is down on Bayshore. If you go to the Cal Palace, maybe you guys don't remember it because it's been gone for a while, but as you went down Bayshore, the Schlage-Lach factory used to be right there. It was built on top of the Ralston shell mound, which was a prehistoric shell mound that covered about two and a half acres. William Ralston, who founded the Bank of California back in the 1860s or 70s, built a soap factory on it. He sort of lopped the top of it off and built this big soap factory in 1872 and that lasted until 1880 and that went out of business and that space sort of stayed idle until the Schlage-Lach factory bought it in 1925 and it completely grated the site, so the shell mound is gone and of course in the nature of their work they created quite a bit of pollution so the site is being developed now for low-income housing, but the work that we've been doing on there for the last six or seven years deals with the remediation of that pollution and the archeology that's associated with it because of course the basal deposit of the shell mound is still there and the burials that were put in the ground in the very earliest part of the formation so we're recovering burials out of that in this very highly-determinated soil so it's an interesting project but one that's sort of difficult because of that aspect of it and another project we did in downtown San Francisco, the 300 Spear, this is a site of a ship-breaking yard that started just after the beginning of the Gold Rush. A man by the name of Charles Hare came here from Baltimore and started breaking up the ships that had been abandoned during the Gold Rush and were clogging up the Uruguayna Cove his shipyard, which was right at the foot of where the Bay Bridge touches down today in San Francisco and we knew it was there. Some of our other CRM firms had done work in the area in the past so we knew that we were going to find some evidence of a shipyard and sure enough we did which is what you see up here in the left corner. Those are all beautifully shaped ship pieces that were left behind by Charles Hare. Apparently he just walked away one day and left these all behind. He walked away not willingly, I think, but they were filling in the Cove and I think they got to the point where his shipyard was and it was time for him to go. So he left all this behind and we were ecstatic. I'm a maritime archaeologist by the way so this is heaven for me. We had a wonderful time there with all this stuff and thought we were done and then several weeks later this showed up. This is the last ship that Charles Hare was taking apart. This ship that we were later able to determine is called the Candice. It came to San Francisco in 1850 and was condemned because it was leaking. It was a whaler on its way home from whaling up in the Arctic on its way back to the East Coast and it stopped in San Francisco because it was leaking so badly. It got condemned and Charles Hare bought it and floated it over through his yard and started taking it apart and that's as far as he got. This underneath there is all the engineering superstructure that the project developer put up there so the ship wouldn't collapse and we documented it and it's significant because it's not the only ship that's ever been encountered in San Francisco. We run into them occasionally but I wouldn't say frequently but all the ones that were found prior to this were either destroyed or left in place and buried forever underneath some building. This is the first one that's ever been recovered and it was lifted out of the ground and put into a warehouse just south of where the giant small park is. It's still there and the plans for it are to eventually it's going to wind up in a park that's being developed at the site of pier 70 which is where the Union Iron Works used to be. This is going to be a nice plaza out there and they're going to bring the canvas out and put her there for public display as a lot of stories about the whaling and ship building and the Chinese workforce of Charles Hare that there were so many stories this particular artifact can tell it's going to be quite a nice display when they finally get it set up. So we thought we were done with 300 Spear across the street the same developer bought a parcel it was called 201 Folsom we thought we'd run into some more evidence of Charles Hare yard and we did more ship parts here and there and then we found this thing right here this is a vessel called a lighter it was used in San Francisco for a very short period of time and we've ever recovered one of these we only have evidence of them through pictures this is the first one we've ever found these are the little vessels that were used to move cargo from San Francisco out to the ships and from the ships back in before the war and the piers were built your way of going was very shallow and the ships couldn't get too close to San Francisco so you anchored up out in the cove and this is the type of vessel that was used to ferry things back and forth called the lighter and we have it perfectly intact it was brand new when we found it and National Park Service has taken it and they're restoring it in their conservation facility in San Orlando and it will eventually wind up in the National Maritime Museum in San Francisco this particular project is interesting not only because of this in Charles Hare's work but after Charles Hare left and they filled the cove in it created flat land upon which neighborhoods were built in the 1870's late 1860's early 1870's and after we got through this part of it we found literally a neighborhood that was still intact it was like a wonderland you see here the walls of houses that are still standing here this is a house, it's house floors and it was it was a neighborhood you could walk down the walkways that were still in place the wood platforms for these on either side rain barrels still in place house walls still up like that it was kind of like Disneyland for an archaeologist so that was I've never seen anything like that we often recover and find a rather foundation wood sills from where houses used to be I've never seen anything like that before we actually have the house walls still in place around the floors rain barrels still in the yard another project this is a T-40 Pacific another shipping later project if you know where the old ship saloon is on Pacific Street we moved in there for lunch this old ship saloon because it's built immediately next door to where the ship called the Arkansas sailed in the San Francisco in 1849 was in trouble crashed into Alcatraz and dragged it back the next night and then they pulled it up along what was then the Pacific Street Wharf and it subsequently became a hotel, a restaurant and then later a saloon and then it later got taken apart by Charles Hare but apparently he left a good part of it in place because it was found again in the 1890s and again in the early 1900s and so there's a developer building on that same site right now and we just recently did an archaeology on it and found more evidence of the Arkansas ship we found a portion of its keel there so parts of it are still there so that's the Arkansas and this is how it was re-purposed if you look carefully it's not a very big picture this is the Arkansas right here and that hotel is built right on top of it so that was in 1854 they tore that hotel down and built another one on the top of it and then they dismantled what was left of the Arkansas and left it in place and we found it we do a lot of pipeline work Tender Morgan is one of our clients so we do work for them all over the southwest in Southern California so as John was talking about this is one of the components of that kind of a construction project we need to go in and do the archaeology before anybody can disturb the ground whether it's a pipeline or a developer or Caltrans or anybody else and that's what we're doing here we're in the alignment of the pipeline there was an archaeological site here a prehistoric site that we excavated I did all the data recovery and covered a sufficient amount so they could continue in building their pipeline so that's about all I had to say that's what we do and I'll turn this over alright let's go I'm in a different chair just the twisting so I don't have any slides to share I thought I would just sort of talk to you directly about my experience coming out of grad school here at Berkeley not too long ago and just sort of what I encountered at that point when I saw some light at the end of the tunnel I was looking at another tunnel so that's how it felt so what Adrienne talked about I was one of those grad students who was thinking about being a professor like that sounded great and what I studied wasn't exactly archaeology there was hominid paleobiology so I and as an undergrad I studied physical anthropology and geology so that's where I was coming from I was sort of a hard kind of first sciences person that whole thing right and the things that I was interested in were osteology, human osteology especially some lithics but I wasn't really into that as much I was more focused on the biology or the geology of all this stuff and I spent a long time here longer than I wanted 10 years and I was not really not really thinking I was getting anywhere with that I was thinking to myself the numbers weren't great it was going to be really hard to get a job in academia and stay in academia and I literally had no idea what else there was so I think this kind of forum is great I wish I had something like this and put my way backwards into CRM into environmental consulting because I was just sort of sending out resumes at that point I was getting near the end of my program and I was like and I landed at a small archaeology only company in Oakland and that was like my first foray so I had archaeology that I learned in sort of the hominid fields in East Africa that was my attachment to archaeology and so I sort of had to learn on a job I spent some good years in San Francisco doing a lot of monitoring stuff so I became more comfortable understanding what does the 1906 burn layer look like what do gold rush bottles look like I had no basis for that so what some of these other folks have told you yeah definitely get experience before you sort of leap into the deep end I think it would be helpful that's for sure but what I did discover is that part of CRM too is there's this little niche for paleontology it's kind of this like forgotten little younger brother or whatever that just sort of comes along for the rides sometimes and I think it's getting more to the point where it can stand on its own for sure the company I work for we do more than just archaeology I think archaeology is actually one of the newer parts of green con we're bigger into water greenhouse gas the biology side of environmental consulting but we do have an in house archaeology slash paleo now program that employs 30 to 40 people yeah and we're all we're all over the state I mean I was lucky that you know we have an office in Oakland and I can like literally walk from home you know I don't have to communicate this is fantastic but if you're not from this area maybe some of you are born and raised in California you know there's offices in Ventura San Luis Obispo there is no if you're from there Sacramento etc right we do a lot of our work sort of down south Ventura, Carlsbad area and it's been great I mean I don't get to do as much sort of field work I think it's I hoped I would that was something that I learned from this like I got into paleontology in the beginning because I just wanted to be outside and like get this stuff up I think that's super fun but you know definitely learn to write well because that's what you'll spend the bulk of your time doing like I write reports all day long you know just all day long there's hygiene yeah and I'm usually clean doing it but there are you know really there are really good opportunities still to you know get outside and we do a lot of projects like the high speed rail you guys may have heard about what's going on with that I mean that's a massive multi-segment project that's probably going to continue for the next 20 years who knows it's going on and on so that's been interesting for me like getting a chance to literally travel the state remotely via my computer or actually like driving down to Los Angeles or Lancaster or something you know some place I've never been that's like way out there and yeah so it's been an experience you know definitely and I'm glad I sort of fell into this like the wrong way in a way like I wasn't sort of planning on it so it's been something that I've that's been constantly a learning experience and something I didn't sort of map out which makes it interesting like every day is totally different like I can't sort of predict what I'm even going to be doing tomorrow who knows I may get some like frantic call like later this afternoon like hey Kyle can you go to Fresno to like monitor something it's like some emergency you know like that happens too so it keeps you on your toes and it's fun but I would suggest like if there's some of you in this audience who are into rocks like really old bones there's a place for you too so it's not all family anthology you know dinosaurs in California there's few in part between so forget it but you may be on a job that you know finds mammoths and that's like what everybody cares about twice the scene okay that's it I think I'm actually going to move that's not what you want to see all right well this thanks for a second I'll introduce myself so my name is Adi Whitaker I work at Far Western Anthropological Research Group in Davis which is a mouthful we usually go by Far Western but actually the name the long name of the firm is kind of part of what I want to talk to you about how Far Western sees archaeology and CRM so Far Western started out and kind of like these guys are saying they have lots of Berkeley folks being in the Bay Area Far Western we have a bunch of UC Davis grads so I went through UC Davis a bunch of us at Far Western are all UC Davis MA's and PhD's but Far Western Anthropological Research Group actually started out in the late 70's as a bunch of grad students and these cultural resource laws have come on the books and people are trying to figure out how they were going to make you know how they were going to kind of set up this industry and they started bidding on projects and they had no real way to do it and they had offices they were all grad students had offices in the basement of the Anthrop building on campus and they started doing projects and it was kind of places they were working on their dissertation work and they would get a little side project and there's actually stories about how they convinced the the secretary in the office was typing up their reports for them on like university dime but they were making money on these contracts and finally somebody found out and kicked them off campus and it kind of evolved into a CRM firm but that's been the basis this kind of research orientation people working where they want to work has been the basis of kind of Far Western's philosophy and so the way I thought I kind of introduced Far Western and we have we have about 70 full time archaeologists we have offices in Davis Henderson Nevada which is basically Las Vegas and Carson City so we do a lot of great basin work as well but this is really small so I actually hate reading slides but I'm going to read this slide for you so this is our statement of philosophy and it kind of gets to our priorities at Far Western and I'll just very briefly elaborate on those so at Far Western we seek to creatively seek out ways to contribute to knowledge of California Great Basin Prehistory and history but and this is the important part here kind of for a business perspective is to recognize that not all projects can meet those requirements and so sometimes we a lot of times we have to do projects that aren't going to be of the highest research potential but one of the big takes that we have on CRM is that the reason we have a lot of projects that are not going to be that we have on CRM is that the reason we're protecting these resources is because they're important it's our collective past and it's important to let people know about it so if we're going to dig up archeological sites we should learn something from them we should make sure that we distribute our results widely and this is something we all do I mean all the people at the table here our goal is to get the information out to the public and so so that's kind of always my goal on a project is what's my angle like how where is there some little data set I can pull in here or where can I synthesize some regional data and so that's been pretty cool for me I've been at Far Western about nine years now and I've gotten to work on some pretty cool things that I never thought I would get to work on so one of our goals is to kind of just move things along in pieces and so I've had a few journal articles that I've been able to produce that are based not just on maybe a single big project but maybe we know that we're going to have five or six projects all lined up in an area and so we start building data sets and little pieces of reports and we kind of recapitulate them and get to turn them into things and so one example is and we were really hoping the Society for California Geology Meetings are coming up next week and we were really hoping we'd be able to contribute it to people but we've been working on a research design for the Bay Area for prehistoric archeology where we've synthesized lots of stuff that other people have done, stuff that we've done into this like 300 page research design so it's really cool to get to kind of dive into the record and I have a friend who worked at Far Western for a while now he's a professor at Sacramento State and he liked to say that when you work in academia you can work on whatever you want but you don't have any money to do it and when you work in CRM a lot of times you have lots of money to do it but you got to go where the project is so it's all about being creative and finding where we can find stuff and so along the lines things that others have said this is actually just my personal map that I had prepared this for a junior college class I talked to but these are all places I've gotten to do field work in California and my dissertation field work was up in Humboldt County in the northern portion of the state that was all I knew about archaeology was like the coast of California and because you have to jump in and learn stuff about all these other places it's kind of forced me out of my comfort zone and you start seeing connections between everything and so I think that's a really cool part of what we do, that's all I'm going to say Hi everyone so I'm in a tag team with Rebecca who's also here from our just to give you kind of a brief overview of Environmental Science Associates that's what the ESA is and then Rebecca's going to talk about some of the interesting projects that we've been working on so I'm Matt Russell and I went through the program here a number of years ago I'm the Archaeology Program Manager for our Bay Area Cultural Resources Group and Rebecca's our Cultural Resources Technical Director I work out of our San Francisco office and Rebecca's in our Sacramento office so a little bit about ESA we're a multidisciplinary environmental consulting and planning firm we were founded in 1969 which gives us about 50 years of experience in all aspects of project planning, environmental assessment, natural resource management as well as regulatory compliance and as of now we're more than 500 employee owners just to give you some perspective with the firm for about three years and we were about 350 people back in 2013 now we're about 500 employee owners it's a fully employee owned firm and we have technical experts in all environmental divisions we've got seven dedicated practice groups Cultural Resources is one of those practice groups we also have a water group, energy community development, environmental hydrology and biology and an airports group our company does all kinds of different projects as one example Strawberry Creek on the western edge of campus was restored a couple of years ago by the Oxford Street entrance and our environmental hydrology group designed and implemented the restoration of Strawberry Creek so we do that kind of work as well as archaeology the cool thing about having so many different practice groups within our firm is that all the different projects they do outside of our cultural resources group generally have some kind of an archaeology hook so we do a lot of our work for what we call our internal clients which is project managers within the firm doing different kinds of projects around the state and elsewhere so we serve clients ranging from government agencies to non-profit organizations to private industry we're headquartered in San Francisco but we've got offices throughout northern and southern California Oregon, Washington and Florida as well and we've got to offer a full range of services with small and F to provide that kind of personal service and attention that clients expect from us so I'll note too that we have a growing cultural resources group in 2011 when Rebecca's firm joined ESA there were just six archaeologists firm-wide, company-wide and two historians and they're based just in California as of right now we've got 22 historians and 22 archaeologists full-time in California doing northern and southern California and 10 to 20 part-time as well as 10 historians so we've grown a lot in the last couple of years our cultural resources group provides the full range of cultural resources services that you would expect from archaeological surveys to architectural services and as I mentioned we've got about 40 dedicated cultural resources staff architectural historians, historians preservation planners and monitors and our in-house expertise kind of runs the gamut prehistoric archaeology maritime archaeology like Jim that's my background and what I get excited about is maritime archaeology georchaeology, historical archaeology including specialties in Spanish and Mexican colonial archaeology as well as overseas Chinese archaeology ethnography and coordination with descendant communities architectural history historical research and landscape studies so I manage a small group that's based here in the Bay Area like I said I'm in the San Francisco office we've got an office in Oakland as well as several archaeologists from Petaluma office so we do a lot of work in the area and our San Francisco based projects keep us very busy we do a lot of work in the city and we have contracts or as needed contracts or different relationships with lots of municipal organizations within San Francisco so that gives us a lot of our work and I'll say that we get involved through those agencies with a lot of very complex and interesting projects many of which take a long time to go through the initial kind of regulatory process I think John had a slide up showing the different phases of kind of cultural resources compliance the identification phase evaluation phase and treatment phase well the identification phase can take a long time working with these municipal agencies we write research designs we do a lot of background research to identify the types of resources that might be found during these projects we work with agencies to develop environmental impact reports to satisfy CEQA California Environmental Quality Act requirements we work with them to design mitigation measures that are going to mitigate impact to significant resources and all that takes place long before we even go into the field and some of these big projects we can be in that phase for even a number of years it's actually quite interesting because there's a lot of planning that goes into these projects before we even get out and put boots on the ground as it were we work on a lot of different types of archeological sites in San Francisco that's why the cities so great because it's such a wide variety of sites including prehistoric, historical, and maritime we also work outside of San Francisco the photo on the lower right it's some recent work we did in Fremont at Mission San Jose and with that I'm going to let Rebecca show the Mission San Jose work June 10th, Sarah was out there doing some ground penetrating radar which is one of the exciting things I guess I would like you to know is I I don't want you to think of cultural resource management as an after thought I want you to think of it as a place to go where you can broaden your research where you can really cut your chops on a lot of interesting things I know after I did my masters and working on my doctorate I was a graduate TA like probably a lot of you were and as I was thinking of becoming a professor my thought was oh hell no and but I do I do want to follow my passion which is really finding and connecting a lot of bonds I think working in a larger firm is one of the things Matt and I really enjoy because we've been hearing a lot of the word archaeology here but yet I see things from it's not just the archaeology it's the architectural history it's the historical research it's the landscape studies right how has this land been used over time and then I can turn to my colleagues who are biologists and environmental hydrologists and community developers and really start to tease apart and understand how did we get here I mean every campus I look at I can I want to figure out the history how it evolved over time what were the natural forces that were making it so what were the cultural forces that making it so and that's how I try to approach the majority of the research that we do is how do we live in this landscape and in the age of Trump I think that's how we're going to make ourselves relevant we have to ban with our environmental brethren we're all in this together right clean air is part of it clean water is part of it but how are cities not only how they look today how they look tomorrow and what we're going to learn from the past that we're going to bring along with us is really how I see what I do so if I had any advice for you I know I know that when you're going through these graduate programs one of the things you end up doing is specializing we got probably a lot of zoarchaeologists in the room maybe okay prehistory there's a lot of obsidian studies done we tend to specialize and specialize and that's so when we're going through these graduate programs we can learn how to do one thing well and I think having those kinds of specialties is really important the other thing that's really important is learning how to speak to your colleagues so that you know what other kinds of research are going on and diversify yourself if you can so that you can at least have a handle on at least some of it myself for example I'm an historical archeologist if I'm going to put on my hats that's the first one I pick up I'm an historical archeologist to get there I went through the anthropology department and then the history department and then made my way into historical archeologists so I'm also an historian and I'm also an architectural historian and through all of those threads was working with the existing communities and learning how to talk with and for descendant communities and so the ethnology the reaching out to communities to making archeology and architectural history relevant really came through all of that so as you're making your way in your career yeshers specialties are important but if you can't put on those hats comfortably I would ask that you at least think about knowing enough about the other specialties that when someone wants an elevator speech from you about what architectural histories people do you'll be ready to tell them and that's really reflected in what we do here at ESA from the very beginning of just kind of background research to going out on the ground and I do spend a lot of time in the field and a lot of time publishing the original research that we do and like John I can't stress enough how important public outreach is it's all of our jobs here to make archeology architectural history biology environmental hydrology all of the ologies relevant or we will not be the next slide and now that I've lectured at you I'm going to tell you the fun part this is talking nerdy to you one of the things I think I've learned in my career as well is it's not just what I know it's what other people know and one of the things I think I'm really good at is identifying what other people's skills are and you don't have to do everything yourself you want to know enough about it to be able to use it but stretch your network get other people to work on your site so at mission San Jose for example working with June to come out and doing ground penetrating radar was really helpful for us to identify where an Indian quarters, neophyte quarters were and then I also was able to get Lee Panitch from our university who needed some research topics for him and his students and they're now working on those materials and then Charlotte sensory will pick up some of the fawn on materials so it's a really nice synergy of yes there are legal requirements that we have to meet but there's also our own research interests and part of what I try to do is push the research as far as I can and keep the client engaged with that and mission San Luis Obispo was another really fun one there that this is a city block about two blocks away from the mission and what we had there was where the Native Americans were living during the mission period a good water ditch system from the aqueduct that was associated with the mission there was a Chinatown there as well there were privies associated with the brothels because you know why not and then also 1940s trash pit that was put there by a Japanese-American family right before they were interned so trying to tease out all the layers on this city block was really a challenge so one of the people I worked with 20 some odd years ago Dominique Resolo works at UC San Diego with the Jacobs engineering school of engineering and he's put together what he calls the cultural heritage engineering institute and that's where they put archaeologists who often can't do math and structural engineers together and it's been just a brilliant synergy of the photogrammetry that they can do this one we did the FAA regulations were they couldn't fly a drone that day so we got a minivan sized air balloon out there and for the high view and then we had the world's longest selfie stick out there and then we had his professional photographers because they also brought from the UC system the media people who know how to take photos and they walked bent over at the waist and took shot by shot of my site and then they have the computing power which UC facilities like this one often have to put it all together so that I ended up with a 3D model of my site which effectively then my site became the artifact and the architect involved with this was so interested and so excited and helping me figure out how the water conveyance system worked but also what it related to in town and so then to be able to turn around with him and we were able to preserve this wall in place and it's I don't think we'll be able to show it to people because it's only a couple layers high one good skateboarder could take it out so the better solution I think is to cover it but then on the with some redesign the sidewalk that will now go through here we can put on the sidewalk what's underneath and do some interpretation so this took this took an architect this took historians this took archeologists this took some media specialist people this took some structural engineers and it's that synergy I think that's going to be the best thing that we can do to continue to carry on what we label here as cultural resources management that's all I got battery slow my name is Scott Byron and I'll be talking about one of the technologies that Rebecca mentioned that professor Jim has been doing here at Cal and several others are doing around U.S. and other countries these days that's ground penetrating radar and I'm not doing this in the I'm an independent consultant and I have been for some years and I was an independent consultant before I started doing ground penetrating radar I did my Ph.D. at the University of Oregon and had nothing to do with radar work it was on wood stake fishing weirs and basketry and wet sites on the northwest coast and they did a few years in the course of the years in the 90's and early 2000's when I was doing field work up in Oregon sometimes in California and other places I learned a lot about archeological landscapes and I worked on a lot of excavations in the desert and on the coast and other settings and that excavation experience really stood me well when it came time to specialize in ground penetrating radar which is a departure from my career earlier but I felt like there was a real necessity for archeology to expand in this direction a lot of my career I worked with Native American tribes in Oregon as a consultant for the Kokwell Indian tribe for example and the tribes that I worked with were really interested in the research but they wanted to see a light footprint and in some cases even no excavation at all this technique allows us to approach things from that direction but we're taking it in a new direction get people to focus less on anomaly hunting and more look at the actual data as representing the texture and form of archeological deposits and what you'll see in this presentation are these GPR transect profiles which are basically a slice along a single transect in this case 8 meters or so I believe cutting across this slice map which is a horizontal model plan map of the grid area that we worked on here in the Faculty Club 1 so slice map horizontal maps at a particular depth within the deposit and then profiles that show that transect and variation within the deposit in this case down to about a meter or so so we're looking at data in profile on this case and as the instrument moves across the ground surface the antenna moves from place to place in line there's an encoder wheel a survey wheel that measures distance and it allows us to map varied objects in this case an iron rod from the shipwreck on the Oregon coast that I located in 2012 this is a point reflection that's the Chevron shaped image there on top of a planar reflection which is a transition in the sand which was located it's a combination of planar reflections and point reflections of various size that characterize the blocks and tabula lamina and nodes and spheroids that make up the archeological deposit there's a whole terminology about this that I can steer you towards and there's some great books by Larry Conyers with good examples of different types of features but I just want to show a few examples of some of the projects that I've been working on in recent years like I said I work as a consultant it's a great career I get to work for academic projects or CRM projects I've gone as far away as France or Hawaii I do a lot of work in California especially the Bay Area these days this is the Oregon coast an area where there was a reported shell mound underneath a lot of dredge deposits three meters of dredge spoils which were also sand and just probing with an auger wasn't really adequate for identifying this used an excavator to open up gravel road and ran a GPR profile through here that's the instrument that we're using there the antenna here and I've got the computer up above and that's the survey wheel and we were able to see down four meters into the dredge materials through the sand we see a buried soil that kept this buried dune deposits all the way up to about where it was truncated and then there's an erosional slip face with a one to one angular repose the soil wasn't present on that side of the dune but it was over here and then we could really differentiate the dredge materials from the buried dune so when we were able to use this CRM project which was well funded and I didn't have graduate students digging this trench this was actually a massive excavator and we shorted up with metal and put in a couple of test units and then our team was able to excavate down there and there was excavating the the jaw of a horse in the 19 era episode here but we didn't find any shellmen in the dune itself so we were able to write that off as not a significant part of the site back in 2005 the first project I did was with Larry Connors also on the Oregon coast and a roading site in a stabilized sand dune with a village site in the upper thousand year old component up here this is called the seriatin site for earth root and the oldest house on the Oregon coast we are able to locate to this layer here that's 5,000 years old but you can see the GPR profile matched up with the erosional exposure in the dune up here and you can see that the house floor shows up as this planar reflection I see a lot of reflections that don't really match up to things in some cases it's just moisture their pockets of moisture that are showing up in the 7,000 year old component underneath that doesn't show up very well in this profile but we were able to take radio carbon samples and collect lead from that deposit more commonly I work on sites where there's architecture or other large features this is San Juan Vatista state parks land near the mission down there near Hollister and Glenn Ferris back in 1991 had done some test units and synthesized some work from previous testing and reconstructed that this is where the Indian family housing was at the mission so his black and white map is what we had to go on and based on that we set up some GPR grade the first one we did was this one here which matched up really nicely with Glenn's reconstruction of what the room blocks were like so this is actually stone foundation that I'm mapping in this case at the base of the adobe down here it was less clear there was a property fence so I wasn't able to get my oblique grid that I like to do when I'm mapping linear linear features but we still picked up pretty deeply buried adobe walls in this case and they're more faint in this grid because there's a gravel road surface here and so the gravel and the air pockets weren't as conducive to the GPR survey as the dirt over here and we never did locate another building that Glenn's might be out in this direction this is a close up of that one grid that shows where one of the transects ran through the slice map so again these grids are made up of multiple transects adjacent to each other about half meter apart and all the same length and this is what the profile looks like so what was interesting about this one was we found some type of feature that Glenn wasn't able to identify with his probing techniques before which is these corridor posts from outside to Glenn's so you can see one of them right here a complex actually probably the post itself and supporting structure outside of it a buried surface which may have been contemporary with when the structures were standing prior to the adobe melt it would have filled the area here and then the adobe rubble and bricks in this case right here last summer I was out in Fresno and this is a little bit hard to see a little dark but these are tunnels at the forest here underground gardens and we were this is for a high speed rail offset project where there was going to be a development adjacent to the gardens and we were looking for buried tunnels and because of the salt in the deposit I was only able to get down to about a meter and a half to two meters the low frequency antenna that I used a really big 200 megasurve antenna but it was enough to see the top of some of the tunnels as you can see in this case here so we're able to trace some of those out and they'll be able to set those aside or decide what to do as they continue with construction in that spot working with Tim Gill who's a Berkeley grad with Ph.D. here who is an art affiliate I believe his property out in Hawaii we've been able to document also Pat Kirch is part of this project we're able to document the interior of a structure that's not a hay-out per se it's an enclosure or a paw but you can see the circular structure here there's actually a buried wall over here I think most of the rock that's over here is just part of the basalt lava flow that's my interpretation so far but they're hopefully going to go to National Geographic funding to go this summer sooner or later they'll be back out there doing a little bit of testing at this location but it's largely a site that's going to be preserved so it's great to have the detailed information about the site without actually having to do the extensive excavations Shellmounds are one of the types of sites that I've gotten great data from you can see this buried Shellmound transect profile this is the direction of the profile from here to here you can see the eroding Shell in the path there that's not sand that's all Shell but if you were to dig into that Shell I don't know what technique you'd have to excavate with a blow or something in order to get this kind of detail, typically we see more detail in a GPR profile of Shellmound than you actually see when you're doing the excavation you can see these fine layers you can see that they're a relatively almost horizontal over here in the outside of the bin but then as you get inside they get a little bit more steep they bang inward and then there seems to be a disturbance in excavation here which may have been one of the Native American longhouses that were built in this part of the Oregon coast or it could have been a later structure that predated the parking one of the larger projects where we did really detailed GPR sequence was the Siege Mounds over here with the Alta Archaeological Consulting and again we were able to identify more layers in the GPR profile than the georchaeologists could see after the excavation had taken place because the blade or the shovel or trowel smears together these micro strata so it's a technique that anytime anyone's going to excavate a Shellmound I would say if you've got a smooth surface on top to do detail GPR work ahead of time just a couple days of GPR prior to an excavation like this gives you a lot of great information you can see different burn lenses the intrusive pit showing up over here lots of different features doing okay on time not really so I've gone around to some of the truncated Shellmonds in the Bay Area that have asphalt on top and they're in great shape these are just my notes on some of the profiles Alameda and San Mateo but the buried Shellmounds are out there they've got houses on them and streets paved across them the project they did a couple years ago at San Diego Old Town where they were going to reconstruct one of the Adobe dwellings as part of the historic park I was able to locate the Adobe that they were looking for here and also this other feature that state parks had excavated a couple years ago looks like this in profile these are kind of coarse images because I had to use a large antenna low frequency to get down to the right depth for this just another example of a bottle dump a typical historic site lots of spiky little point reflections here that are metal and bottle glass and then the buried stratum here this is a filled bottle dump that's been capped by fill up at the government hill on its less reservation and then pits are one of the things that we often find in these transect profiles this is where the Russians put their first flagpole at Fort Ross on the Pacific Coast here Sonoma County Coast and Glenn Ferris who many of you know state parks archeologists this entire crew here had plotted this location during the field work and we went out and put a small grid right in the middle of this dot-k actually it wasn't right in the center it was offset but he thought he had the location based on historic records and sure enough he expected we also traced a road that Breck Parkman had seen evidence for and a trench this is probably from the Russian PoMo village that was here during the 1820s just another example of some of the innovative approaches with Miko's help I was able to do some comparisons between magnetometry and GPR at the same location set of grids 20 by 20 meters we identified a number of different features at this homestead site from the 1860s and just an example of one of those features we think it's the actual cabin itself and you wouldn't based on just that just that day you wouldn't say well we've got a cabin right here but if you go into the actual individual transect profiles you can see a pretty clear concentration of small nodes or point reflections all on occupation surface at about 30 centimeters 40 centimeters depth in this profile and that's the case for adjacent profiles as well and it turns out that this is where the actual historic cabin was the foundation is not there because it was probably a wooden superstructure foundation if you want to read more about some of the techniques that I'm talking about here and getting past the anomaly hunting focus there's a link that you can't really read very well here but this is online now just came out of the journal of archeological method and theory I know we're way over on time so I'm going to close it there, thank you so thanks everyone, great interesting presentations so you wanted to open it up first for maybe some if you have questions for one another or comments on each other's presentations we've been a few minutes pressing back and forth that way and then we can present the questions well alright well I was listening to John I really was listening and he was talking about what's going to happen due to the political changes that have happened recently and John mentioned it somebody else mentioned it about how former administrations had attempted to go after very cultural resources legislation perhaps in the past and for those of you who remember the Reagan administration you young things so if you recall so Reagan was present with actually a pretty strong national mandate and also had a congress that was the republican congress dominated the congress so the closest analogy I think we have to what we're dealing with now is probably the Reagan administration of some degree and as I think John said his strategy was twofold it was an attempt initially to repeal the legislation because the regulations are developed from the legislation if you repeal legislation you get rid of the regulations he was unsuccessful in that that wasn't going to work so what he did was a twofold approach he reduced the funding to certain agencies first of all and thus you reduced the ability to enforce their own regulations and I think that's probably what we're looking at here like somebody else some other folks had mentioned EPA which is something that's most definitely undergone we've also done work with EPA and they're looking at what is that 25% funding reduction I mean that is slaughter I mean that's what it's slaughter as you can only imagine that if they can no longer clean up lead that children are ingesting every day right where is archaeology in that priority what my thought is like nowhere I mean I know what I think is more I don't think I don't think children should be eating lead and archaeology can go out basically so I think that's probably what we're looking at so that's the first point the second point is historically if you look at what frankly and I try not to make this too political but I have to if you look at what Republicans do basically pretty much every year there is an attempt to change the existing law the Antiquity Act is pretty much every year is attacked that gives the president the ability by the executive to create natural historic landmarks and Obama did that quite a bit so essentially it's not creating something new basically you can take federal land and you can give it additional protection well many extractive industries do not like that so pretty much every year there's an attack on that and one of the people who has been defending that has been a very has been a very much on the current president's radar as a bad guy and so I wonder even though he's a Republican I wonder if that in his way I'm talking about John McCain I'm wondering if that's going to give way McCain has always been a very strong supporter of Native American issues that's one of the reasons why he ends up saying Congress because of John McCain he can see somebody who historically could work on both sides of the aisle because that used to be a good thing oh, politics with his he's still an important guy but one wonders about his personal relationship with the president since it's so bad that is not a good thing for cultural resources anyway so now I think following up on maybe on that and I think something I was alluding to that one of the best things we can do is to organize not only with ourselves and you'll see the society for American archaeology the society for historical archaeology the American cultural resources association all next week are having preservation advocacy week in Washington I'll be heading out there on Monday we've hired our lobbyists we now have to have lobbyists with the preservation and learning how to talk about why history is important and what we lose when we don't have that but Adrian is right it's going to come down to some difficult choices and it's going to take organization and that's why working with biologists working with other scientists working with other hydrologists it's never been so critical because we are all in this together and I think we're going to see over the next few years how we're going to think or swim one of the best resources I've seen of how to do in this together is on this campus George Lakoff he's a linguist if you haven't seen his books for God's sake get them because one of the things he's talking about and Adrian's right it is political is how to talk Republican right that we need to reframe some of our argument and some of the ways we present things so that it's not just preservation it's our moral obligation to save our independent history for our children so it's that refraining and learning to use key phrases and words and language is so important as anthropologists if we don't learn that we're all in trouble but I think it's going to be a huge challenge we need to practice amongst ourselves of how to convince ourselves of why we're important before we can move that forward and start to talk and then how to fight this so I haven't told my name to them Lance let me spin off about a little bit and actually Jim I'm curious because you guys have Texas operation so far western is in California but we also are in Nevada and so if you take away the federal laws and we're dealing with two very different situations right so Nevada is kind of a purple state but right now Republican senators and so our principal is in charge of our Carson City office has decided that our best approach in lobbying so the nice thing about Nevada is whereas it's a lot harder for us to get at our if we wanted to get at our senators it's going to be harder for us to get an appointment with Feinstein Harris right but there's a lot fewer people in Las Vegas so Craig Young is our principal in charge of the Carson City office with a couple other owners of CRM firms in the Reno area was able to get a meeting with a senior staffer for Senator Heller who's seemingly elected Republican Senator and the argument they made to this staffer was an economic one that I mean so we all listed how many employees we have so he went and said I employ 70 people with work in the state of Nevada and at times I employ 200 people and when the Ruby pipeline was being built across the full width of Nevada we were employing 500 people and so I think Rebecca is saying that you know if we can't make an appeal to kind of why we're in this discipline there is I mean we're hundreds of millions of dollars industry and that's the language they may be able to speak and as for the national sort of language that's popular for a reason they're one of the most popular tourist destinations we have tourism is one of the biggest drivers of our economy it's that those kinds of books that we have to be more creative to think about it's not just the value it's what the people were talking to about it going back to the language I'm learning much more and sit down and joke but how is that what's really important is like with McCain it's some extent Feinstein and some people that supported historic preservation then a lot of it's at the local level so in Texas may not have the same feeling and associations at a bridge in Gurleyville I use Gurleyville for example because it was another example how a local community loved their bridge and the bridge was saved so the Native American gaming has really influenced historic preservation laws California has some of the strictest laws for consultation bringing in indigenous communities and a lot of it's been because of the gaming lobby giving money to politicians Hawaii is another one where before you go out and do any project you consult with your elders and the community is really involved in what goes on I've worked on a couple wind farms over there and I have found out and even with some of our fiber optics work the difference between historic preservation stuff that went on in Menlo Park Palo Alto and Stanford compared to Gilroy it was incredible it's like night and day so in my opinion this is very much a local thing California is positioned well because our laws so they're the environmental laws they're a lot stronger than the federal axis and we have Governor Brown that hopefully will fight for California maybe don't forget your state representative they're so important I live in Elmbrough County in Congress I talk up for minority yeah exactly Adrienne I talk like history he thinks it's important so working with his staffers we were able to get the Wacomotu tea and silk colony on the National Register of Historic Places of the last time that was in 2011 I think and the last time something had been actually put on the register in Elmbrough County in 1986 so underneath a lot of the us and them there are those commonalities and it's things like a lot of history or wanting tourism or wanting to say jobs that I think is is how we have to creatively sell ourselves and let's not care so that's what we're doing in academia because academia also is going to become a target of what is relevant and what gets taught and what doesn't get taught or in the industry that we are no easy one thing I want to try to add is you know as archaeologists we think we're saying something important and we think that there's something you've inherently missed it but let me just say one thing we are a crummy constituency and I just used one number on this right now the Society of California Archaeology has about 1,200 members 10 years ago it had about 1,200 members 10 years before that basically weird we are not much of a constituency the people who are interested in collecting historical buttons in Saloma County have more members than that just because we think we're so important we're not in the big picture as far as you know the politicians and the people who actually make decisions we are really just not on the radio we are a bunch of pointy heavy intellectuals who really don't know anything about anything and they just want to tap into the government funding as far as they're concerned if we don't get a public constituency we're nothing that is great I don't think I feel like I have a pointy head some of the talks that I've given that's a nap project or some of the research work that Bar-Western has done their overviews and stuff I mean it's contributed quite a bit but this one talk that I gave we've got as many people in the library as the guy who owns the French Laundry it was great and that's the kind of stuff where I feel privileged being able to do that looking at 1906 earthquake looking at things like Selina project again where people had a social memory for over 3,000 years and weren't very people and it was fairly discreet I mean that stuff why didn't they move? what we could see flooding episodes well, duh, why are you doing the trade apart here so there aren't advantages I think to society as a whole but it's getting that information out and making it relevant and it's making people enthusiastic about it yeah you know who knows you have to get people in a block you know what he said which is really cool and it's worth putting in some I agree I think this is more than us going up to our representatives in Washington there is a tremendous resource in the general public and I'm sure you guys are all doing this as well we are trying to get more and more of the residual effects of our projects out to the public and the displays and the buildings that are being built and every single time that happens it's astounding how many people come out