 Hello, thanks Anupam. So I run an education company called makeshift and there we are mainly focusing on innovation in education, so through curricular and pedagogical innovations. So basically, how can we inculcate design thinking mindset and entrepreneurship mindset in children. That's what we work on and my topic is today is about design thinking. So I will just briefly talk to you regarding how can startups use design thinking for developing their products. Thank you. Okay, so how many of you have heard about design thinking because these terms have become so common that everyone is talking about design thinking. So, what exactly is design thinking? We see that this is not a very big designing thing, but give me an idea. Have you ever used design thinking or have you heard of it? No. No, you haven't heard about this at all. Okay, so simply putting Abhijeetne jo aapko bataya hai that is related to your business aspect, but design thinking is more about your product aspect. To wo abhi dekhenge ki design thinking hum kese uskarenge or design thinking se related koi bhi tools kese uskarenge so that hum apne product pe baar baar reflect kar pahe aur product better kar sakhe. So mai apni screen share kar deti hu ek baar. Okay, so basically design thinking, makhla design ke baare main aap sanjiye pahele toh. Design kya cheez hai? To design is what? According to you. To create something. Sorry? Some creating some structural presentation of something. Okay, does it have to be about presentation only? No, it can be something you want to create. Okay, something we want to create and to act. That you try to express without using a language. You try to communicate something, but without using a language. So probably that depends on a design. Okay, that could be visual part of design and what else? To think and act. So basically design is a purpose, is an intent to do something or communicate a message. So basically whatever messaging that our product has, is it getting converted? Are we communicating it to the user well? So that's what design thinking will help you with. And so now design thinking, education mein kaha kaha use kar sakte. Like don't even think about design thinking, but design kya kya kar sakte in education mein. So basically, sapsi important aapna pedagogy aur curriculum to hai hi. Jo aap content deti ho that could be designed. Then aaj kal bahut bade demand hai ki space design karna hai. Like aag-alak tarha ke schools hai, nahi, nahi type ke schools hai, educational spaces hai, plus labs hai. Koi aapne alak sa method, koi innovative sa method nikal liya, bachon ko padhane ke liye. So that could be your pedagogical innovation, pedagogical design. Aaj kal abhi, jyaisay Girish sir bol rahat hai ki unko books already, unne books create kari hai. Lekin unko kya karna hai, online courses ke through communicate karna hai. So wo jyaisay communicate kar rahat, that could be their pedagogical innovation, a pedagogical design. And that has to be like something new, something different than others maybe. Sir curriculum, ab aap kya padha rahe ho, jo basic school ka knowledge hai, ho to zarmane se waise hi chalti hai. Lekin kya aap usme kuch dhaya kar sakte ho? To wo ek bahut bada scope hai, aaj kal life skills hai, ya fare value education hai, education-related technology ka aspect hai. So there is ample of scope in curriculum and technology, pedagogy, spaces. But usse se bada ke alaap cheeze hai, jyaisay ki problems hai kuch. Ek school koi ex-problem, matlab fees collect karne ke liye school ko koi problem hai. To wo aap problem ko kyesse sochenge, kyesse aap uska solution nikalenge, itself could be a design thinking process. Ya phir aapki jo teachers hai school mein, let's say wo bohti traditional tari ke se padha rahe hai. Hame kya karna hai, hame unko train ish tarah se karna hai, ki unne naya, nahi cheeze classroom milaani chahi hai. That could be your innovation, that could be your design. Phir policy level ka jo reform hota hai, ya wo ek design thinking se thought over karke wo aasakta hai. Doosri ek cheeze ho sakti hai ki, bohot bade cheeze aap matlab education as a domain aap sede samjiye. Akar aap bo, ye bachon ko agar side mein dekhenge, ek chintu hai ek pinky hai. Aur ye chintu aur pinky ke life mein, hame agar kuch bhi naya lana hai. Agar unki thought process mein kuch bhi innovate karna hai. So ye seeda-seeda aapka jo bhi education ka area hai, wo directly unko effect karega. Choti se choti cheeze. May bhi maini bolri ki school ka infrastructure, ya phir school ka technology, matlab jo bhi aapka software hai, wo itna zada important rahega. But aap pedagogy space, curriculum wagara mein, jo bhi innovate karoge wo directly unke life mein, kuch na kuch difference to zaroor lekar aayega. So design, education mein use karne ka, wo sapse bada importance hai. Ki agar aapko bachon ke life mein, ya phir schools par, ya let's say agar aap kisi ke liye bhi agar aap innovate kar rahe, kisi ke liye bhi, like competitive exams ke liye, ya phir aap bade logon ko train kar rahe, kisi ke bhi life mein kuch bhi change lana hai, education mein aapko innovate karna padega, aapko design ke thru jaana padega. So itna bada scope hai design, education mein laane ka. Aap bhi aapko yeh bataate hoon ki kuch schools hai, thiket jaisa ki ye next school ka aap example dekhro in Mumbai mein, jin hoon hai bahote badhya tari kise apna infrastructure banaya hoa hai. So they have state of the art like labs, cutting edge technology, phir bhat bade bade equipments hai, they form, they have like a different kind of curriculum which they say big thinking way, big picture curriculum jaha aap bacha aap teacher mein laap ek classroom mein teacher nahi padhati hai. There is something very different about it ki bachhe groups mein padhahi karthe hai, there is lot of prior review, bachhe research karthe hai, they work on technology and stuff. Ye unka tarika ho gaya, that is their way of doing things differently. Then there is one school yehap aap dekhre hai, which is a municipal school. But they are able to create a zero energy school with all kind of new technology having at their school. Now this is a school near Pune, Wablewadi municipal school. I love this example a lot. But if you can see this is their classroom, you know. So classroom mein koi fan nahi hai, koi light nahi hai. But they have designed it in such a way that you don't feel a need of having tube lights or energy at their school. And they have ample of space around for children to move around. Aur dosri baat, they came up with an idea that they will not have any kind of festival in their village but they will focus on their children's education and they invest villagers money to get new things at school. So that's their way, but they have done it beautifully. So similarly, we need to think what can we do differently. Like for me, since we work on design thinking education and innovation for students. Now here, we create program structures new kind of program structures where they will understand they will experience design thinking and innovation and entrepreneurship in real time and they come up with new solutions. Like we teach them about sustainable development goals and problems around. We tell them to pick up their own problems and they come up with new solutions. No matter how small or high-tech, it doesn't matter. But their mindset is changing. That is more important. After that, there are companies who have made excellent technology tools. So I would rather give here Abhijeet's example. He understood that there is a very big problem that all the children in our country don't have a smartphone. How will they learn? And there are no laptops or infrastructure. So they come up with a very different solution saying that we will teach them through SMS or WhatsApp. So making that technology is again to make a difference in Chintu and Pinky's life. Isn't it? So that is one. Now let's see what design thinking is exactly. This Stanford D-School, which is Stanford's design school of Stanford University. It was first coined there. And there is a company named IDO. So it is design consulting. It was the world's first. It started in the 1990s. It is the same company. So they said that we will tell you three phases of any project. And in those three phases, you can categorize all the projects. The first is to make it a project, an exploratory phase. The second phase is a prototyping phase where you do something and then the third phase is a testing phase. So these three phases are divided and it has five different steps. The five steps of design thinking are there is first step where we empathize with our users. The second step where we say we define a particular problem. The first step is ideation, coming up with new new ideas. And fourth step is prototyping where we actually build a solution and then fifth step is testing where we actually take the product to the user and ask them to test it. So these are five different steps of design thinking and these could be like repeatable like you can go from testing to prototyping or prototyping to ideation or again you can define a problem. So this can be like whatever you can say, you can run that step again. But the most important part here is to understand our users better to define a concrete problem to come up with innovative ideas to create something frugal and to test it. This is the first step. You can do it 100 times. But if you go directly to the user leaving the first three stages then the problem can come because when you don't know about your users that time you will say that I don't know how my user will behave with this prototype. So you will directly work on the prototype and go to the user. The chances of failing that prototype are larger. So that is why first of all go through this one cycle and come back to it. Now I will tell you a few tools. Now in education we define design thinking in this way. Like there is not much difference between these five stages of design and these five stages of design. So first of all you will have to discover a challenge interpret it, ideate, experiment and evolve. Similar step but this is the educator's way of looking at design thinking cycle. That's it. Now I will tell you the tools. Now when we have to empathize with a user then what we will do? First of all it is very important to know about them. For that an empathy is a map tool. You can use it. You will get it online. I will give you a link where we have created a toolkit for design thinking in makeshift. So you can download it from our website also. The second technique is interviews. More interviews of user you will conduct before starting with a prototype better it is. Because then you can ask them subjective questions yes or no type and you can get lot of feedback on your vague idea and that will help you to narrow down on their problem. So you will actually understand what they are going through with interviews. Then there is a technique called as shadowing. So what is shadowing? Just try to become your user for one day or for one hour. That is one way. Second way is to accompany your user for a day. But if you are trying with your children then you are making something for children then you can probably accompany your children throughout the day. So just to observe you learn a lot with observations and the way they behave is something you will get feedback on. Your feedback is your observation your feedback is the way your users behave. That is one way. The biggest thing is to understand just try to understand as much as possible take everything as a feedback and be non-judgmental. You don't have to question why they are like this just be with it. Just observe and note down. That's it. Then we come to the second phase which is problem definition or define phase. Then in defining you have to work on a problem statement. You have to narrow down your problem statement when you go through interviewing then you have to step. For that you can use a simple technique called as customer persona or 5y technique. So in the customer persona like Abhijit mentioned there is business model canvas. So similarly there is a canvas for creating customer persona. So it is available online anywhere you can just search it like google image search you can for customer persona you will get it. So it is very simple. What they are going through in their daily life that questions you have to answer. What they do in that day what kind of lifestyle they are leading then what is the kind of setting that they are living in after that what could be their aspirations and all so all those things if you already know about the user then a lot of your work of product development becomes clear and easy and then come up with a problem statement after all this. Now there is a technique called as 5y technique. First you understand the user's perspective. After that you will ask them questions some questions take their feedback after that you will draw this persona customer persona canvas and after that what has to be done is a 5y technique where you will ask them question you will ask them question and try to get to the root cause ok once I asked the question I answered it and again I asked the question ok I got the answer I got the third answer so I asked the question then I got the fourth and also asked the question I have to do it 5 times and the 5th answer that will be my root cause of the problem so what happens with this your problem statement becomes very narrow down and we can say that this is the exact way to solve rather than saying that I don't have a device you can also say that why I don't have a device if you go to the root cause then solving that problem is very easy rather than saying that I don't have a device what should I do so here narrowing down first you should clear your conceptually product if you go to any investor they will also tell you any incubator accelerator what will they say in their pitch deck what is the problem you are solving so the narrow down problem that will help you to explain them why you are solving that problem why you feel passionate about solving that problem after that we will tell you who is your user how well do you know your user so in that you have all these stages that will help you to properly build your pitch deck then comes a third step I am telling you from my experience many people we have a human instinct through which we think we think after the problem right so to avoid that the first two stages they are very important then we will bring the ideas they will be really important ideas so how to bring those ideas to bring ideas just brainstorm with your friends, with your family with your team and don't judge any idea don't say no to any idea just keep writing them down while conducting a design thinking workshop what we do is we ask people to come up with 30 ideas or 50 ideas in 15 minutes and then they segregate the ideas so you don't need a lot of time like 20 minutes is enough once you write all the ideas then you can segregate your ideas into which are the good ideas like there is nothing as such like good ideas, bad ideas but which are vocable ideas which are feasible ideas which are innovative ideas so if you categorize them then you can select the most effective or most innovative solutions that is one of the things so in this prioritizing you have to so that's ideation the fourth phase would be you know creating something really fast like in a day or in an hour because if we are thinking a lot about prototypes like I need to make a model how quickly can I do it it could be just a pencil and paper design it could be a 3D model a paper model a cardboard model or maybe it could be a 3D design in a software or anything but it could be very simple and as soon as you can make it in a day or in a few hours with our team it will be better because in that you can fast fail and fast improvise so I am sure you have heard of sprints so sprints are like hackathons in which you have to build your product on Saturday or Sunday so similar to that after that come to the testing part you have to go to your customers and show them your solution and interview them or just observe them with a neutral eye in an unbiased way and then take notes on this you will get very good feedback that your product is working so that is all about design thinking cycle and you can repeat it as many times as you want but this is what you can talk about in your pitch deck if you have your first two steps in place first few questions of your pitch deck will be absolutely ready and after that if you have your prototype in place and testing in place then you will have few more slides of your pitch deck ready and you can club it with your business model canvas and then your pitch deck is done so that is where design thinking helps you for creating your products and this is not just for pitch decks but to actually solve problems this is very very useful I have been using it for a long and all my students are using it so it definitely works and it is not as difficult or easy this is just a process you are probably already doing it just doing it in a way that you are documenting things and properly getting feedback on each of the steps is important so that is all about design thinking now if you have questions we will take it