 Common Descent, Common Descent describes how, in evolutionary biology, the group of organisms share the most recent common ancestor. There is massive evidence of common descent of all life on Earth from the last universal common ancestor Luka. In July 2016, scientists reported identifying a set of 355 genes from the Luka, by comparing the genomes of the three domains of life, archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Common ancestry between organisms of different species arises during speciation, in which new species are established from a single ancestral population. Organisms which share a more recent common ancestor are more closely related. The most recent common ancestor of all currently living organisms is the last universal ancestor, which lived about 3.9 billion years ago. The two earliest evidences for life on Earth are graphite found to be biogenic in 3.7 billion year old metastementary rocks discovered in western Greenland and microbial math fossils found in 3.48 billion year old sandstone discovered in western Australia. All currently living organisms on Earth share a common genetic heritage, though the suggestion of substantial horizontal gene transfer during early evolution has led to questions about the monopoly single ancestry of life. 6,331 groups of genes common to all living animals have been identified, these may have arisen from a single common ancestor that lived 650 million years ago in the Precabrian. Common descent through an evolutionary process was first proposed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin in the concluding sentence of his 1859 book on the origin of species. There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one, and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple the beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved.