 تفوته آدك الآيام فتا تعريف أصول الفق فصل الشيخ رحمه الله تعالى في هذا الشابتة سوف تفعيل أصول الفق for us و أصول الفق means تعريف means what? definition of أصول أصول الفق the definition of أصول الفق فصلون unit أصول الفق هي العلم بأدلة الفق now the issue of looking and observing أصول الفق when we speak about أصول الفق the way we define it فتعريفوا و ينقسموا إلى قسمين everyone has to understand this the defining of أصول الفق when you want to define it you have to categorize it into two first of all you define it the first type of defining it is باعتبار مفردي looking at the word as a what that it's a ضافة that the word is a مضافة و مضافون إلي which is أصول الفق so what you're going to do is what you're going to separate both of them from one another so the first one is separate أصول and then فق from it so define أصول by itself and then define فق that's the first type that's the first way of defining it the second way in defining it is what باعتبار على من على هذا الفن المعين which is that it's علمية you define it as together as a field as the field أصول الفق so what does it mean as a whole now so now let me إن شاء الله تعالى do that I'm going to define أصول by itself or أصول by itself and then I'm going to define فق by itself and then I'm going to define both of them together so what does أصول mean the word أصول first of all is a plural and the singular of it is أصول أصول is a plural is جمع تكسير a broken plural the singular is أصول as the singular in the Arabic language linguistically the word أصول is it is the foundation أصول means أصول means the foundation in which everything is built on this house that we live in أصول is the floor everything is built on top of it now pay attention the أصول is two types the foundations are two types foundation which is tangible it is what it's tangible حسين you can put your hand on which is like what like the walls like the roof all of these are the assess of the house the foundation of the house are you with me there's also a foundation which is it's not it's not حسين it's عقليا logically it's a foundation such as what like for example a ruling on an evidence a ruling on an evidence that is what that is meant by the ruling is the ruling what's the assess for this ruling the evidence now what does أصول mean technically linguistically we understood it it means الأساس الذي يبنى عليه غيره we've understood it and we've also learned that أصول is the singular of أصول good we're now going to take the technical meaning of the word أصول the word أصول technically means a handful of meanings a handful of meanings not only one meaning it comes in many meanings not only one meaning one it means sometimes evidence sometimes the word أصول technically means what دليل evidence for example the علماء will say أصول هذه المسألة الكتابة السنة the evidence of this matter so أصول here they mean what evidence the evidence of this matter is the كتابة السنة a دليلها for example somebody will come up to you and say to you أصول وجوب الصلاة the أصول that the صلاة is واجب is قوله who ta'ala the statement of Allah وقيم الصلاة establish the prayer أي دليله it's evidence very good the second one is القاعدة الكلية المستمرة the consistent principle the principle that is always continuous ongoing principle it's also known as أصول what does that mean إباحة الميتة the permissibility of the dead للمضطري for the one who is in a position of necessity it's what على خلاف الأصول it goes against the أصول what does it go against it goes against قاعدة الكلية المستمرة it goes against the principle that was consistent which is that that this is haram that this is what it was haram the قاعدة said that wherever Allah prohibits it's haram you went against the قاعدة that was ever going and it's also like the statement of the Arab scholars when they say أصول من أصول الشريعة meaning they mean قاعدة الكلية the third meaning that it comes in is الرجحان الرجحان it comes in the meaning of الرجحان ممعن الرجحان الرجحان means when a thing can take one of two meanings but the strongest of the two is this one for example الأصل في الكلام الحقيقة the أصل of any speech is that you take it and it's literal and it's reality that you don't say it's a metaphor or it's a simile or no you take it at its literal meaning for example if I tell you today for example if I say to you today رأي to أسدن رأي to أسدن I swear a lion you have to understand my word literal but if I say to you رأي to أسدن يخطب I swear a lion giving خطبة there's a kareena within the sentence there's something that diverted it from its literal which is the word يخطب a lion doesn't do خطبة so automatically you understand what I mean is that I swear a brave individual giving a خطبة but the أصل is what so if two people argue two people argue one says to أقي this is مجاز and another one says لا أقي this is حقيقة who takes presidents the one who's upon the أصل he takes presidents and that brings us back that brings us to another another meaning that it has which is المقص علي المقص علي the أصل is المقص علي remember when we were studying قياس how many pillars did we say that the قياس has for very good what were they so we said أصل أنا فرأ أنا حكم أنا عيلا four right so the أصل is the one that the قياس has been done from you just mentioned four right you just said أصل فرأ حكم أنا عيلا those are four pillars for قياس right analogy then the أصل is the one you're going analogy from when we remember when we were talking about خامر النبي the نبي is the فرع the خامر is the what the أصل it's the thing that you're doing analogy from it's called أصل نعم أصل the last one is المستص الاستصحاب الاستصحاب الاستصحاب means what بقاء مكان على مكان and it's somebody pulls water over you and you're walking on the road and somebody just pulls a bucket of water over you are you with me so you didn't know who pulled it over you which house it was you didn't know and you're walking now do we take this water as pure or impure we go back to the أصل what's the أصل of the water this is called الاستصحاب we go to its original form so we say what was the original form of the water when Allah sent it down Allah said He sent down أنزل من السبع إماء تهورن Allah said water which is pure the water is pure in its essence so the أقاعدة is what الأصل التهارة في كل شيء the أصل is everything is pure until proven in its impurity if I go to a place I can pray unless you prove to me this place is impure if I see a water I'm allowed to do I'm allowed to do تهارة with it because the water is تهار it's pure this is called الاستصحاب so we've now taken the linguistic and the technical meaning of the word أصل so we understood أصل we're now going to move on to فِق we're now going to move on to the word فِق فِق what does it mean it means الفهم the word فِق means what الفهم to understand something understanding something is called what it's a فِق it's a it's a فِق and sometimes the فِق is called what is it knowledge it has knowledge you can call it فِق الله تبارغه تعالى يسين في القرآن about نبي الله يهود عليه السلام يهود عليه السلام مدري يسي قالوا قالوا قالوا يا شعيب ما نفقه كثيرا مما تقولوا they said about نبي الله يهود that we don't understand a lot of the things that you say ما نفقه أي ما نفهم الله تبارغه تعالى يسين فما لها أولاء القوم لا يكادون يفقهون يفقهون قولاء who are these people حديثة صري فما لها أولاء القوم لا يكادون يفقهون حديثا what are these people who are unable to comprehend يفقهون يفهمون أصد نبي الله نبي الله نبي الله نبي الله نبي الله موسى عليه السلام ونميدن دعا أصل الله تبارغه تعالى رب الشرح رب الشرح ليصدري ويسر ويسر لأمر وحل العقدة من لساني يفقه قولي اي يفهموا قولي that's what he said أصول الله تبارغه تعالى he told us that the angels يسبحون الليلة والنهار لا يفطرون that the angels they always exalt Allah also everything everything they do what وإن من شيء إلا يسبح بحمده they praise Allah and they glorify him ولكن لا تفقهون تصبيحهم but you guys are unable to understand it ولكن لا تفقهون you guys are unable to what you guys are unable to understand they they would you call it their praising of Allah سبحانه وتعالى and then that's what it means linguistically it means فهم it means what it means فهم very good now what does it mean technically what does the word فق technically mean the word فق technically means كنت العلماء of the شريعة they understand the word فق as what they understand the word فق as معرفة الأحكام الشرعية العملية المختصبة من أدلةها التفصيلية it is معرفة it is to know معرفة here means what it means العلم وظن الراجح it means what علم, knowledge and high assumption the معرفة that's what the sheikh used معرفة or that's what the scholars they use معرفة the word معرفة is what معرفة is understanding whether by way of knowledge or by high assumption so in our religion do we give high assumption a position نعم we base حكم on ضن الغالب we do what's the evidence for that the evidence for that is if a person testifies that he saw the crescent he saw the moon he saw the hilal do we do we take his word for it and he's a reliable person yes but there's a possibility you can get it wrong ضن الغالب ضن الغالب is what we base on our our hukum on here right now and knowledge of course we base on the knowledge as well very good and also والأحكام الشرعية أحكام الشرعية معرفة الأحكام الشرعية Where's the shared hukum it is أحكام أثابتة في الشرع that are taken from the شريعة so what come been here أحكام الأقلية is not in here أحكام الحسية is not in here أحكام الوضعية is not in here أحكام الوضعية is not in here أحكام الوضعية of what أحكام الوضعية هذه الأطفال التي نتحدث عنها يوجد مختلف بين أحكام الشرعية والواضعية والأحكام الأواضعية أحكام الواضعية is any hockum you and I both placed such as the علامات of grammar they place this is called فعل where did they get this from This is فاعل This is hockum and if the faa'il does this this is what happens and the فاعر looks like this these are hockum وضعي they placed by the people of that field أحكام الأقلية which is to know that half احكام الحصية تنجب الأحكام التي تقوم بها في الحصية لا تحتاج لأحكام الحصية كل هذه الأشياء are not what we are talking about الأحكام الشرعية التكليفية أو أحكام الشرعية الوضعية وكذلك نقوم بأعرفة الأحكام الشرعية الأعمالية it has to be actions what leaves such as Salah and Zakat and Bui'a what leaves أحكام العلمية أحكام العلمية are what مسائل العلمية are توحيد توحيد they are not the matters we are talking about here we are talking about matters pertaining to actions only and then after that what did the scholar say المقتسابة that is benefited where do we benefit from we benefit from it from the specified evidences which we are going to bring later so معرفة الأحكام الشرعية العمالية المقتسابة that is benefited from من أدلة التفصيلية أدلة تفصيلية means what أدلة تفصيلية first of all we have to realize that أدلة are two types أدلة إجمالية and أدلة تفصيلية who deals with أدلة إجمالية وصول الفخ deals with أدلة إجمالية what is أدلة إجمالية comprehensive evidences أدلة التفصيلية means what detailed evidences detailed evidences so أدلة إجمالية is أصول الفق أدلة التفصيلية is فق an example of أدلة إجمالية I'm a دليل تفصيلي because we are talking about here فق دليل تفصيلية is like if I say to you ولا تقلبوا زينة don't get close to زينة this is a دليل جزء specific on the matter pertaining to حرمة زينة is this not a narrow down evidence it is a narrow down evidence but what about if I say to you الأمر تختضي وجوب a command shows what a command shows obligation this is an evidence with a general you can use it for زينة the fact that you're ordered to stay away from it you can use it for صلاة you can use it for زكان it's a دليل which is إجمالي that's أصول الفق but what is فق تفصيلي so what have we done right now what we've done right now is we've defined أصول الفق بإعتبار مفرديه we looked at it single we looked at أصول and we looked at فق we looked at أصول by itself and we looked at فق by itself now what we have to do the second way which is to look at أصول الفق as a field as a field which is together and the sheikh is going to do that so there won't be a need for me to do that even that though I defined it when I was talking about what the مبادل عشر نعم هي العلم بأدلة الفق وذلك أن الفق إما مسائل يطلب الحكم عليها بأحد الأحكام الخمسة وإما دلائل يستدل بها على هذه المسائل فالفق هو معرفات المسائل والدلائل وهذه الدلائل نوعان شيخ رحمه الله he said the first point we studied which is أصول الفق is what هي العلم بأدلة الفق الكليا that is what أصول الفق the sheikh defined it as أصول الفق to the sheikh is what العلم بأدلة الفق الكليا when he said العلم so أصول الفق to him is what العلم knowledge so when he said knowledge what does he mean by that he means العلم وظن الراجح but we used a better word which is what معرفة is to know that would have been better and he said بأدلة الفق the evidences أدلة is what أدلة is plural and the singular is دليل دليل is the singular دليل is who المرشد it is the one that guides you إلى المطلوب to the thing that you want أو ما يحصل به الإرشاد كعلامة المرشدة لأمر الماء it is anything that makes you reach something which you want something which you are looking for this is called what دليل and the plural for the word دليل is what أدلة الفق الكليا الفق الجزئية is the other one أما الفق الكليا means the comprehensive فق so أصول الفق the difference that you need to underline is what أصول الفق deals with what comprehensive evidences whereas فق only deals with what detailed narrow down evidences نعم and then the sheikh said وذالكة that ishara ذالكة it refers back to what أي الفق وذالكة أي الفق the فق is two types the sheikh is telling us فق is two types you just underline those words in your book everybody إن شاء الله تعالى what is it مسائل or دلائيل those are the two underline the word مسائل and the word دلائيل those are the two types أصول so the sheikh is telling you that فق is two types it is either مسائل or دلائيل now I'm going to explain to you what he means by the مسائل or the دلائيل the مسائل or the دلائيل is as follows مسائل is that the صلاة is واجب is that not a مسائل وجوب صلاة is a مسائل that you found out which is that the صلاة is obligatory very good and the دلائيل is that which showed you that which has shown you the ruling which is the statement of الله سبحانه و تعالى وقيم صلاة أستابع الشبريا it is what the thing that I used for the صلاة to be واجب this is what it's sheikh said now so وذلك and that it is أن الفق is إما مسائل it is either مسائل such as وجوب صلاة يطلب الحكم the حكم is requested عليها يطلب الحكم عليها the حكم is requested through the one of the five and I just mentioned وجوب صلاة right you can talk about all the five حكم تكليفي that we're going to come to later إن شاء الله و تعالى the five that we're going to come to إن شاء الله و تعالى which are الواجب المندوب المكرو المباح those are the five they are what anything that you say واجب anything which you say حرام anything you say مكرو anything you say مسن these are مسائل مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة مسألة من الكتاب والصناة مع هذه الوصول أن يكون لديك فرصة أنها واجب أو صناة نعم فالشيق يريد أن يقول فالفق هو هو معرفة المسائل والدلائل هذا ما هو هؤلاء الجميع المسائل هو what the five واجب مندوب مكرو حرام مباح دست مسألة أن يمكنك أن تعرف أن هذا واجب أن هذا مندوب أن هذا مكرو هذا حرام ومباح هذا مسألة وماذا هو دلائل يوجد حديث سنة كيف يمكنك أن تستخدم هذا المشكل يسمى دلائل يستدل بها على هذه المسائل نعم وهذه الدلائل ونوعا فالدلائل يوجد دلائل فالشيق رحم الله تعالى ماذا ستفعل ستكلم لنا ماذا يوجد دلائل يوجد دلائل يجب أن تفهم هؤلاء نعم أول is what كلية أول is comprehensive أول is the first type of دلائل are two types أول is كليية it is what it is كليية comprehensive نعم تشمل كل حكم من جنس واحد من أول الفقي إلى آخر آه it means that all of every ruling كل حكم in every ruling من جنس واحد which all of them have the same essence from the first book of to the ending they all share with each other what any chapter you go to where you find that I or a hadith explicitly says that you have to do something from the first chapter to the ending chapter this is the دلائل which is كل الأمر للوجوب والنعي للتحري that you have to do this is this specific to a particular chapter so it's it goes into every chapter that's the first one every chapter or fiq from طهارة صلاة زكاة حاج صوم it doesn't matter every one of them when there comes an أمر from الله تبارك واتعالة إلا ماتا you can use this and issue which is الأمر للوجوب والنعي للتحريم ونحوهما وهذه أصول أصول فق لا this again so that one is called أصول الفق before I explain it to you guys so the difference between أصول الفق what is the difference this is دلائل كلية أصول الفق is what he's going to tell you دلجزية that's the difference this is specific فق whereas أصول الفق is comprehensive you can start from من أول كتاب الفق إلى آخره to the ending all of them you can use this قعيدة with you ونهي للتحريم you can apply every place as soon as you find the prophet I'm commanding something you can say to the person أخيد the prophet command أخيد أصطأ دلائل and here is what that is what where's you see نعب وادلة جزية تفصيلية the second one is دلائل which is specific it's a what it's specific أدلة أدلة جزية تفصيلية تفصيلية جزية تفتقر means what it needs تفتقر it needs it requires الإلاء�� تبنى for it to to be built على الأدلة الكليا الأدلة الكليا التي لديك ستقوم بعملها على ذلك لذا الشخص already knows الامر للوجوب ونهيك للتحريب يقوم بعملها يقوم بعملها ونهيك ونهيك هذه الأدلة الكليا يحتاج منك هذه الأدلة الكليا يحتاج منك تفصيلية تفصيلية تفصيلية تفصيلية يقوم بعملها ما هو تفصيلية تفصيلية المان you say now you've narrowed down the evidence that you're using it for because when you say أقيم الصلاة أقيم الصلاة does it fall on the zakat nope so the أدلة الكليا is built on top of the أدلة التفصيلية نعم and so what will happen فإذا تمت when they become complete so I said right now which one is built on which is the تفصيلية built on the كليا or is the كليا built on the تفصيلية that is the two methodologies that was set by the علماء according to the حنفي's they have a طريقة the حنفي's believe what different to the belief of the جمهور the جمهور when they when they look at الصول الفق which one is built on which one they believe that تفصيلية is built upon at the كليا the جمهور whereas vice-versa is what the حنفي's believe نعم فإذا تمت حكما على الأحكامي بها the أحكام would be given the rolling on it then you say it's واجب أخي you have to do this and this is which type is this one which one is أديلة الجزئية the sheikh said وهذه هي الفق but he didn't say that he should have said what he should have said وهذه هي الفق at the ending so the student of knowledge because the first one he said to him what the first one he said to him وهذه هي الصول الفق right he said to him وهذه هي الفق and this is الفق that's what he should have said نعم فأحكام مضطرة إلى أديلته التفصيلية so the أحكام is مضطرة what does مضطرة means it's in need the أحكام the rolling are in need of what إلى أديلته التفصيلية if you learn أديلة كليا and you have to study أصول الفق and these principles on where are you going to apply it you need to go to the books لان أحكام and then be able to apply it apply it apply it نعم because they need each other والأديلة التفصيلية مضطرة إلى الأديلة الكليا so the أصولي فقي and the فقي they both need each other you see أديلة كليا أديلة تفصيلية needs the أديلة كليا needs the أديلة تفصيلية نعم so it's important and it shows us the need of having to study أصول الفق you see ولي ذلك الشيخ وليسام إبنوتيمة وليسادي مجموعة الفتاة the 20th volume page 497 إبنوتيمة said المقصود من أصول الفق the intent behind أصول الفق is what أن يفقها مراد الله is to understand Allah's intention behind things ورسولي بالكتاب والسنة in the book of Allah and the sunnah we want to understand what Allah means by this what does the prophet أسلم and mean by this that's what we want so that shows us that this this field the فائدة is a lot and it's excessive and remember I gave you guys the benefits that were mentioned نعم وبيهذا نعرف النرورة والحاجة إلى معرفة إلى معرفة أصول الفق and based on that based on that based on that based on what based on that which I have what I've already solidified and I explained to you which is what that the أحكام مضطرة إلى أدلة التفصيلية والأدلة التفصيلية مضطرة إلى الأدلة الكلية that which I said shows you and allows you to know that what that ضرورة والحاجة the need so pay attention are you with me الشخص ضرورة and he said and I explained this when I was teaching it what's the difference between ضرورة and حاجة the difference between ضرورة and حاجة is that the ضرورة is what you have no alternatives this is the only option you have but you need it badly حاجة you need it badly as well but you got other alternatives you have what other alternatives you have other things you can do so أصول الفق is it's ضرورة and it's حاجة أصول الفق نعم وأنها معينة عليه وهي أساس النظري والإجتهادي في الأحكام and that it helps أصول الفق is what معينة it helps helps on what it helps you upon على الفق هو أحكام it helps you معينة means it supports you it aids you aids me on what it aids you on أصول الفق and it's rulings you want to study a فق بوك أصول الفق will aid you help you وهي أساس النظري and it is the foundation of wanting to observe the شريعة if you want to look at things you want to research that's the أساس أصول الفق is the أساس والإجتهادي and it's also the أساس of giving doing each تهاد in matters of حكام it is what أصول الفق is we finished the first دفاس فصل نعم