 Hey guys, so my name is Peter Winn and I'm from the V's Institute And so if you know us and what we do at the V's Institute, you know, we're focused on bio-inspired technology So that's what I'd like to start. That's where I want to start for the origin of our journey With the original bio inspiration for any wearable technology our largest organ the human skin, right? So the skin is an amazing feat of evolution with dense sensors every second millisecond of your life It's constantly filtering in signals from your environment Pressure temperature every hug every punch every kiss that you've ever had gets filtered through this organ And it's also a constant battleground for Forces that are trying to invade your body pathogens viruses Furthermore, it's adaptive, which is quite amazing. It regulates your temperature Thickens when it senses constant abrasion it heals your breaches and it even protects you from light rays by making melanin, right? It's mind-blowing and I'd like you to consider that clothing is one of the first bio-inspired technologies based on What the skin is capable of think about it. We were running around naked for the vast majority of our lifetime as a species We learned how to drape ourselves the dead animals and plant tissues Everybody here is probably wearing either animal tissue or plant tissue right now so this is an ancient inspired biotechnology just like our skin and we designed it to Wrap around us. For example, we designed it to protect us from harm We designed it to regulate our temperature Interface with our environment and of course to hold our iPods. Sorry So wearables are a barrier and our interface with the world around us But when you consider clothing not much has changed for a very long time the functionality of our wearables Tells in comparison to the human skin People like Katia who spoke earlier are going to try go the opposite route augmenting our own skins capabilities and so integrating biological systems into the clothing that we wear wearables holds great promise as we saw in the previous presentation and We've seen, you know, all these efforts have been very inspirational to us in the Collins lab And what we want to do is take a step back and consider That integrating living things into wearable technologies has its own peculiar challenges just like any other living thing This has been touched upon in the in the previous presentation Take for example your typical household pet, right? If you don't give it water, it dies If you don't regulate its temperature, it dies if you don't feed it It dies if you don't give it oxygen it dies if you don't remove its waste it dies So here we're talking about a pet that we just have for fun now. What happens when your life depends on a living thing? Here's a photograph of a coal miner. He's holding up a canary used at coal mining as a sentinel animal Imagine if one day you forgot to feed the canary and it died or the cage broke and it flew away Your fellow miners would probably be pretty angry at you for losing their only method of detecting noxious gases, right? so There are a number of other considerations besides maintenance, which is what I've touched on One is for example storage. How long can you store things that are made of living materials? We have our clothes for Years some of us maybe days. I don't know And also Bach entainment. So that's one huge issue FDA EPA They don't want to hear about having genetically engineered materials in a format where it can easily break out and Be exposed and run off into the environment and of course another one is mutation living things love to mutate If you program them with the genetic program that they don't like makes them sick They'll find a way around it. They'll evolve away around it, right? so what can we do to kind of Merge this operational parameter mismatch between synthetic biology and wearable technologies What can we do to close this gap, right? Well Surprisingly, we actually don't need living things to operate biological systems So I'll say that again. We don't need living things to operate biological systems The living part is actually dispensable. So what I'm showing here is something called a cell-free extract And all it is is you take a bunch of cells. It could be any cells It could be bacterial cells insect cells rabbit cells, whatever you crack it open and you take the insides of it out the extracts and so here you add it with a programmable DNA and you actually get your protein and This all happens without a living cell and in the calls that what we found is you can actually take the cell-free extract freeze dry it and It's shelf stable for up to a year and rehydrate it whenever you want So one year throw it on the shelf. We've basically made synthetic biology into a ramen packet that's that's what we've done and We've integrated this into paper-based diagnostics quite inexpensive and what we wanted to see we can integrate this into wearable technologies now, okay And so what we wanted to do is we want to develop a platform for detecting a variety of environmental signals up top Pathogens and tablets toxins and integrate them into a wearable format using traditional fabric technology Obviously the military is interested in our technology We also envisioned this being implemented in other situations something that's on everybody's mind right now is those on the front Line and clinics and filled hospitals. They have the greatest danger of being exposed They're just supposed to keep us safe and we need to give them advanced technology for monitoring and detection for their exposure And so this concept led us to propose our technology. We're developing this And we won the Johnson and Johnson quick fire challenge award a few years ago to develop a lab coat with this technology integrated into it And so this is what we've come up with So you can see we're going to integrate freeze dried cell-free synthetic biology reactions into clothing and once it gets rehydrated it'll automatically Generate an outfit for you to show what you've been exposed to okay, and the way we're going to do this we're going to design little prototypes these are modular and Eventually they'll be integrated into clothing you can see it's flexible stretchable and it basically wicks in anything that you've been exposed to Okay, and so time for some hard data some hard science now So in the blue here I'm basically showing the blue on top is giving you a color metric signal on the left I'm just adding in DNA or not adding in DNA you can see when you add in DNA it turns from yellow to purple now on the Right what I'm showing is actual synthetic biology circuit now This is actually detecting anhydrous tetracycline a small molecule so you can detect chemicals using these freeze dried wearable circuits Furthermore on the left now you can also detect viruses So now this is something called toll-hold switch synthetic biology circuit and we're throwing ebola RNA at it And it could detect this within half an hour. So within half an hour. You'll know if you've been exposed to ebola On the right here. We have another rival switch. This one is detecting another small molecule the ophthalene You can see within 30 minutes. You have yellow to purple change And so we wanted to expand on this, you know, this is great to have a color metric change on you But you're not going to be looking at yourself all the time, right? So we want to take it to the next level We want to develop a prototype that was self-reporting and was capable of fluorescent outputs fundamentally how labs now Work to detect influenza in the coronavirus. They use fluorescent outputs And so the sample will come in from the top It'll get drawn into this reaction chamber and fiber optics integrated into our wearable will actually constantly detect to see if anything is being Detected and so again, we have at the ophthalene rival switch This is just a show that you can detect chemicals You can see on the very top is where the chemical is And the reaction happens whereas on the bottom We don't add anything and there's basically just water and you don't see any fluorescence This is an amazing example here We threw HIV RNA into another told switch and you can see within 10 minutes You actually have a signal that you can detect showing you that you've been exposed to HIV somehow And also we wanted to develop Nerve agent sensor. So this is a nerve agent the kind that the Russian agents used supposedly and So we can actually detect nerve agents. This is what the military really wanted us to go for and We also integrated something that Louise talked about earlier, which is CRISPR based sensors. And so in this CRISPR based sensors the CRISPR Cas12 is the enzyme that actually detects a nucleic acid molecule And when it does it actually choose up everything else around it including these fluorescent tags that we throw in as well And here what I'm showing is four different genes that are antibiotic resistance genes that are Separately being detected by our CRISPR system. And this is again unawareable One thing we love about CRISPR is that you can multiplex it and so within one patch We can detect three different genes and they're completely orthogonal meaning I can detect your exposure and tell you all Three of these genes are there or not and this is at a level that laboratory diagnostics Strive to hit. So this is quite sensitive. So this is a final prototype We've integrated other bells and whistles such as wireless automated alerts to your cell phone It'll ping you until you have a potential exposure for example on your sleeve or anywhere on you GPS tracking for automated contact tracing It'll tell you where you were when you got contaminated and where you have been since so now you know who you potentially exposed The contamination to and the cost surprisingly is cheap from tens to maybe a hundred dollars Depending on the density of the sensors and this is just to keep first responders safe Consider that I can go to Nordstrom today and buy a cashmere sweater for three thousand dollars It has no other functions than depleting my bank account. I mean this is that's pretty amazing It's technology works Excalable and it's ready for commercialization So in closing I hope I've convinced you that we've achieved something Truly remarkable in wearables a platform where synthetic biology circuits can be integrated and Detect your environment at laboratory sensitivities So it's shelf-stable programmable and of course wearable all this work was two years in the making and it will be published In a couple of months. So keep your eyes open Keep your eyes peeled and with that I'd like to thank a PI Jim Collins really pushed us into this area to explore And also my partner in crime Louise He presented CRISPR materials He was my partner on this and he is also doing machine learning so he's all over the place and with that like to thank our sponsors and you guys the organizers and You guys for listening to me ramble for 10 minutes. Thank you