 Good afternoon everyone, what I'm going to present is the work we do with the communities and I'm going to emphasize the local, the mainstreaming of the locals in the area and basically in some what we do is that we assess climate risk and vulnerability beginning from this is what you call bottom up meaning from the lower communities and then keep integrating it then we integrate the what we assess as risks and assessing risks then we look at what is happening we look at coping strategies we look at the long-term adaptation opportunities and potentials then when we get that data because we are a research institution we integrate that with hardcore science in trying to see the option the viable options that the farmers can take on then what happens later on that is in plan because it's still a work in progress is that we then do to take holder workshops and give them feedback presenting the different options that they can select from and then be able to take on something that they know that it is economically viable or profitable in their own way and then that will be adaptable and can be sustainable so what I'm going to to share with you right now is what we think are the well the success factors are more talked about almost from the time we started but then what we think are also the missing gaps that we need to work on to be able to enable the mainstreaming to work better okay the some of the success factors is like people have hinted already you know is that that the practices that farmers adopt are already providing benefits and those that are involved things to do with agroforestry solar and water conservation and these other many practices meaning that therefore even for those that haven't taken on this they see the benefit and therefore they can do it there's also a realization that there's a need for partnerships you can see this is a joint effort that cannot be done by one person a research institute cannot do it you know the government cannot do it without the local so there's that realization which is also they brings in the success so then the other thing is that as the when when the assessment is done in the assessment of the risk the climate risk and the vulnerability is done it is very important that the the local people are involved it's a very important that is participatory and then it is able to capture the priorities of the locals and their and their preferences and and we been discussing even in the the power sessions that run previously that the these subgroups it is important that different subgroups are in hard or they give their views they give their preferences they give what they think will work for them and in doing that being research we combine when we do that we combine both the quantitative bit of the work the science you know previously someone would come and run a mega survey and be able to get all that and put it in a computer and get out of the results and decide on what to do next but we look at the quantitative yes but we still look at the social economic aspects of it things like gender things like you know the different levels that in there so we capture that when we do that assessment and we think that as long as you do that it's also you are more certain that what you are doing will work than just sitting there and prescribing something and I want to say here that yes it works for the government people it works you can do it you can work with local communities you can adopt these climate smart scenarios and options and the farmers can adapt something that they know is profitable because you know farmers are going to balance their their economic needs their food security so they're not going to take on anything that you just prescribe so when you include them we see that it breeds the results for that then in terms of creating sustainability and raising addressing issues of over dependence we also have seen that it is very important to include the different institution levels the difference institutional levels it from national that different players that different institutions they the in place and all those you need to consider that even from the beginning not like thinking like we can add them or maybe we can consult them they can come on at a later stage from the beginning you launch the program try and capture the different levels and who is doing what and map out their roles then they correct ownership and still people are held accountable when they participate in such in that way but there's some of the challenges that need to be overcome that we have found even as we we do the work is that there's need to make institutions work effectively and these institutions they could be the different levels they could be their policies in place they need to work in the majority of times you find that sometimes we need the right policies but even when the right policies are in are in place the conducive policies there's still need to ensure that they are working they are functioning in other words and we have found in the majority of times that the policies are there the instruments are there but they are not functional so they need to be they need to function somehow and so enforcement is very important that they function so that is still a gap that we find and then there is a need to integrate vertically locally to national level and then horizontally purposes of informing you find a scenario where you know things are happening for example the National Forestry Authority they may be doing something the National Environment Management Authority is doing another thing there's no coordination there's no you know there's no cross-learning no cross-fertilization no nothing so everybody is just think is compartmentalized everyone is independent so there's everything to have the the the communication and effective feedback from the lower levels to the upper levels and then that is vertical integration but there's no need for horizontal coordination so that people can work together know what is happening probably it could even reduce the replication of resources and effort then another thing there's need to deal with political interference I think we find that there's political interference political interference might might manifest as disregard of the law because they are the politicians they once in control they are in power so they are not going to disregard the law and do the way they want it did my manifest as conflict of interest where politicians and and the leaders in the elite as doing it their way you know they are not doing what is supposed to be done and unfortunately the systems are in place we find that the police structures are there you find me policy there's a policy they are acts they are regulations there are you know many things in different names but they are being overridden by conflict of interest nobody pays attention so we think that there's need to do that and then so that the good governance also can be there people can be held accountable and this is going to be a joint effort for everyone of us and probably the owners need to speak more because they control the funds they you know they have the money so if they said something probably others can can can pay can give a positive response to that but I think there's need to to manage the political interference if if this local adaptation is going to happen but there is a willingness there's commitment to the local people and and what we find is that they really when you do this risk assessment they do it they know how to do it they can appraise their problems they can give you the coping strategies they know what should work and what may not is not likely to work so I want to say that these things can work but it's just patching up a few things that are limiting and redressing the way we do things thank you very much