 Hi friends, you are going to see main month 2021 Yojana title federal structure. So based on the response from the civil service aspirants, already we have done a series on April month voter security three videos. And based on that response, we are moving to that main month 2021 Yojana federal structure. So what are the reason for reading Yojana is to get an objective answers in your answer writing, especially in mains examination as a civil service aspirants, the requirement to get the best markers answer should be objective to understand how to get an objective answer is it is all based on information and analysis. So those this Yojana series helps to get this certain factual information on the analysis which makes your answer more objective and to get the best marks. So in May 2021 Yojana, we are going to see the article Nithya Yog redefining federalism. So first we have a basic understanding of federalism and go for the article. Federalism is a relationship between union government, state government and state government and state government. So federal relation have you need to keep that in mind. So interaction between union government, state government and state government and state governments. In this federalism can be classified into three broader areas. So what are the broader areas means we take federalism. So three major areas one is legislative, administrative and financial. So this is a broader category of federalism, legislative federalism, administrative federalism and financial federalism. Just for understanding purpose just giving a brief outline. Any question regarding UPSC examination with the term federalism instantly you need to think in these three areas legislative, administrative and financial. So in this we go for the first article. So Nithya Yog redefining federalism. So from the title itself we can understand how Nithya Yog is going to redefine federalism in India. So background of it Nithya Yog is a new institution created in India. Before that we got planning commission. So that's a background of this Nithya Yog. We'll start with the article. I just put this as a paragraph one. Page number eight. So it starts with the Mahatma Gandhi quote constant development the law of life and man who arise tries to maintain his dogmas in order to appear consistent drives himself into false position. So this Mahatma Gandhi quote it is based on your imagination where to use it. Any essays regarding this topic of change or any new reforms any questions based on it you can use this quotations. Probably it's not advisable to use in GS papers because there's a word limit this quotation occupies major part of it. So if you are writing any essay topic regarding any reforms or anything regarding this democracy any topic you need to think where we can fit this quotation. So ultimately what Mahatma Gandhi says is we always need to work for change. Next thing is the planning commission operated to the lens of five year plans using financial resources a primary lever for guiding development. So here they speak about a brief outline about planning commission which was a predecessor for NETIO and they work on five year plans five year plans and use finance as leverage. So planning commission thought that if you want to develop India we need to depend upon five year plans and financial leverage use finance as a source to propel the development. So where we can use this information as regarding planning commission any questions being asked. What are the role of planning commission. So how it worked we can use this information and we can also see how NETIO is different from it. So in comparative scale you can easily understand it. So whereas NETIO they have given this whereas NETIO on the other hand is driven primarily through intellectual firepower as well as mandate and capability of forging meaningful partnership with state governments with society organizations private sectors innovators for accelerating pace of India's development. So here we can see that change in the perspective of developing India whereas planning commission focused on using finance as a leverage as a tool for development whereas NETIO is using the concept of intellectual firepower. It is more focused on knowledge part of development not financing the development. So that is one aspect the next thing is you can also relate with stakeholders. So regarding development NETIO is taking into fold every different stakeholders in development that is given there start from governments will society organizations and private sectors and scientists all is part of this development process when compared with planning commission planning commission worked in standalone for development. So these set of information where we can use this one any questions regarding NETIO how it is different you can use this comparative scale and write the answers or any question regarding development in dimensions of India from 1950s to present day how it got changed you can also relate with this aspects right from planning commission what is the primary focus whereas NETIO what is the primary focus of development you can relate this points. So that is the information in page number eight next we go for page number nine I will just put as paragraph one paragraph two paragraph three paragraph four five six and seven. So in paragraph one of page number nine NETIO has replaced the central government practice of unilaterally designing the pan India development strategy while working with state government to jointly prepare development blueprints that are suited to take into account of special circumstances of each states is likely to be superior approach in large and diversified countries like India with its continental dimensions. So very basic point of this paragraph one is if saying about decentralization. So decentralization in development especially in the concept of planning. So they have given the characters of NETIO what NETIO is trying to do. So NETIO under the concept of central government correct. So it is more about joint blueprint. So joint so union government and state government jointly having blueprint for development. So blueprint for development our next important aspect is for diversified requirements. So India is a diversified country. So there comes the importance of decentralize development or decentralize planning. So all this makes the necessary for NETIO. So this information you can say that importance of decentralize planning why we need to have a decentralize planning in India if any questions is based on that you can use this points because it is more about diversified country and there should be a responsibility of both union government and state government for development that is paragraph one. So paragraph two its founding principles include cooperative federalism and competitive federalism. So NETIO's principle that is cooperative federalism and competitive federalism. So these are the two key terms in UPSC interviews they can give sorry UPSC main questions they can literally give this terms cooperative federalism competitive federalism. After this topic we can see a question of previous year so that we can easily understand it. So primary principle of NETIO is going for cooperative federalism and competitive federalism from the term itself we can understand cooperative to work together what we say on the previous points and competitive there are certain areas where states can have competitive character so that gets the best out of those states or any district level we see a program for it so ultimately that gives the best of it. So these are guiding principles of NETIO that is cooperative federalism and competitive federalism. So paragraph three NETIO has adopted decentralized and bottom up strategy to ensure certain state governments work together as equal partners in team India. So the key term here is team India so India's development right now is not only in the hands of union government as per NETIO its role of state government is also involved in it and what are the strategies being implemented is strategy is one is bottom up so bottom up strategy and decentralized one. So bottom up means for development purpose it is not the top down what planning commission has done so from union government saying what is development for a state government it is being reversed under NETIO that is called bottom up and decentralized. Decentralized is the point one what we discussed here. So these points where we can use it right now any question regarding India's development in changed perspective you can say about the principles and strategies being followed. So this can be the point you can use it okay paragraph three and paragraph four so NETIO has also provided platform for direct issue based interactions between state governments and central ministries thereby helping quick resolution of outstanding issues. So issue based interaction between state governments and union government ministries I put as minister sorry. So what this point clearly shows is any every state have certain specific problems and certain specific issues assume that there is a state focusing on having a problem in primary education so in that particular area they can interact with the union government and what are the measures can be taken. So it is more about identifying the areas of the problem in a particular state and working on that particular solution. So there is also more targeted approach so there is a targeted approach for development aspect where you can see that union government giving the choice for the state governments to identify the problems in every area and issue based support will be given. So union government is not saying that development means we are going to support in holistic manner along with holistic dimensions if a state have a specific problem in certain area the expertise of the union government can be used for that particular issues either it can be health or it can be education or industrial development all these dimensions okay that is paragraph four. Next thing is paragraph five so NETIO has developed some major initiatives for island development which is being implemented by relevant authorities and the overall guidance of ministry of home affairs. So NETIO is focusing on island development. So this point can be used for questions regarding regional development or anything regarding Andhra, Nikoba, Lakshadev recently there is a critical issues going on regarding Lakshadev development where union government is taking some actions literally you can see that NETIO playing an active role because they have done a research what are the potentials of Lakshadev what can be done. All is because of this initiative of NETIO focusing on island development so they are working on it so any questions regarding regional development in geography or any questions regarding Andhra, Nikoba development or development of union territories you can use this information NETIO island development programs okay that is paragraph five. Next thing is paragraph six the first step has been taken by forming a Himalayan state regional council and form forming a coalition of all thirteen central universities in these states these universities are taking up research on issues common to all thirteen Himalayan states. So you can see that regarding Himalaya so region specific so region specific issues are being taken for development and NETIO. So what are the states have Himalayan ecosystem all they combine together especially the universities and they are working on that to improve the Himalayan ecosystem like islands NETIO is focusing on Himalayan region specific so region specific development issues also being focused by NETIO. So this point can also be used for any question regarding environment and development issues or any questions regarding Himalayan ecosystem recently you can see that flood situations in Himalaya is very troublesome Uttarakhand cloudburst or any issues in Himachal we have a problem in floods all this you can relate to this point as a solution right now NETIO is working with the universities of these Himalayan ecosystem states to find some solutions for the problems of the ecosystem. So this can be a solution you can write it for that type of questions. Paragraph 7 the indices of water, education, health, innovation, export preparedness and sustainable development attract significant positivity attention these indices are based on detail and rigorous analysis of technical parameters. The performance and health outcomes index for instance capture the overall performance states and health along with the annual improvements in health outcomes. So what we can understand is we saw the principle of NETIO one is competitive federalism and this is a point for this and a competitive federalism there is a point regarding a performance of health outcome index so performance of health outcome index health outcome index. So this is an example of competitive federalism where NETIO is creating competitive environment among various states and they need to compete in certain areas example like education, health, innovation and they have created an index for this that is performance health outcome index. Similarly another index is school education quality index so with this they are building the competitive environment so that states can get the best out of them and to compete with the other states to achieve the goals especially we can relate to sustainable development goals. So that you can relate as a point for any question regarding competitive federalism. So we are moving for page number 10 so in that I will put paragraph one paragraph two so paragraph three and paragraph four so in that paragraph one so it also introduced a competition element in our ambitious aspirational district program which aims to raise the human development indicators in this districts to the national average by focusing on governance improvement and achieving effective convergence among government schemes and organizations on the ground. So primarily you can see that as we have we are focusing on the idea of competitive federalism another example as per this paragraph is aspirational aspirational district program and what are the primary focus of this program is to improve human development indicators to the national average. So there are few districts which are way below our national average it is not about global average we are moving towards national average. This aspirational district program is a name changed for backwards districts. Backward districts name is changed aspirational district to give a positive connotation for this districts and in that particular program what Nithya Ayoga is saying is they want to improve this HDI to the national average and how that is being done is through governance through improvement in governance so improvement in governance and regarding convergence to converge all the different schemes of the different ministries in that particular district and effectively use the resources and also improving governance infrastructures in those districts. This point you can use it for competitive federalism or any question regarding governance so these points can be effectively used. So apart from this okay they have given some informations they are monitoring it is based on real time basis. So performance of this aspirational district program is measured through real time basis. So here comes the role of technology so even best practices. So the role of technology is used in this aspirational district and best practices all these points you can use it for governance based questions and also you can use it for competitive federalism. So this paragraph one and also Nithya Ayoga in the same paragraph one it says that they are also providing policy inputs providing policy inputs for state governments. Here you can see that the initial paragraph of this particular article says that Nithya Ayoga is going to use the intellectual power for development so that we can clearly you can see that for any state governments policy inputs also provided by Nithya Ayoga in collaboration with union government that is all the points given in paragraph one of page number ten and next we go for paragraph two. So Nithya Ayoga is involved in drafting national medical commission bill and bills for reforming education system pretending to Indian systems of medicine and homeopathy. So Nithya Ayoga also closely involved in designing and monitoring Aishman Bharat perhaps the largest universal health initiative in the world and also Poshan Abiyan which government launched to provide appropriate governance structure reflecting the many overlapping factors like access to sanitation health services, nutrition status of individuals and households. Here you can see that Nithya Ayoga doing multiple role in development right from so help creating a bill creating a bill means they are not responsible for it they are helping in creating a bill that's nothing but in drafting stage so drafting stage they assist the governments in creating a bill and apart from this you can also see that Nithya Ayoga also played a effective role in design and monitoring design and monitoring Aishman Bharat program. So this can be an example for health any question regarding health what are the measures taken in India you can use this points and also what is the importance of Nithya Ayoga in development especially social sectors you can use this as an example. So health is one important social infrastructure where Nithya Ayoga plays a very active role so that information you can use it here. Next thing is paragraph four so in paragraph four one of the Nithya Ayoga's key task and important mandate is to develop output outcome monitoring framework. So this is the most important term output outcome monitoring framework monitoring framework and rigorously evaluate central government schemes and initiatives for that they created an office development monitoring and evaluation office. So there is another institutional mechanism in India that is development monitoring and an evaluation office and what are the purpose of that office is output outcome monitoring framework so we need to understand what is output and outcome in any public services output is more about to give an example if you take education improvement output means creating schools outcome means gross enrollment ratio or another way of saying is quality and quantity outcome is more about quality and output is more about quantity dimensions just for understanding purpose. So right now Nithya Ayoga is working on that this point can be said how governments transformation in development it's not about output it's more about outcome for that even they have created a separate wing in Nithya Ayoga that is development monitoring and evaluation office the primary focus of it is to do this activities output outcome monitoring framework so they are doing in that aspect especially evaluating central government schemes. So any question regarding schemes and programs how effective is that you can relate this points of Nithya Ayoga where Nithya Ayoga has created a wing in them focusing on this particular aspect for monitoring the development. So that is in page number 10 and next we go for page number 11 so I'll just put paragraph 1 paragraph 2 so paragraph 3 and paragraph 4. So in paragraph 1 of page number 11 Nithya Ayoga is closely monitoring the progress of sustainable development goals across all states and engaging them to set up real-time technology based monitoring capacity which will help maintain mainstream sustainable development goals in development process in every state. So the point says that Nithya Ayoga is an important institution to make sure that state governments are working for sustainable development goals. So what is the importance of this point right now we can see that governance has transformed from national level to global level so we are not working only for our national goals even global goals that is sustainable development goals and Nithya Ayoga play a very active role so that especially helping the state governments if there is any question being asked how LPG era has impacted our development process we can relate these points how goals are being right now a global one especially after this LPG era and how Nithya Ayoga act as an interface between global goals and state level so that is the point in paragraph 1 whereas paragraph 2. Nithya Ayoga also focused on nurturing innovation ecosystem across the country. Airtel innovation mission is a flagship initiative of Nithi for promoting innovation and entrepreneurship across the length and breadth of the country. So Nithya Ayoga an innovation so right now we have Airtel innovation mission so Airtel innovation mission propelled by Nithya Ayoga. So right now in India we are more focusing on innovation so how is the importance of this point right now economy is moving from industrial economy to knowledge economy so where comes the importance of innovation so if a country want to propel that in the next level of development or next league of development there should be entirely driven based on innovation sorry where India clearly understood that and Nithya Ayoga is playing a very major role that is Airtel innovation mission so here you can see that you can relate this point with DPSP so sorry I can relate with fundamental duties where it says about scientific temper so this point can be related with fundamental duties of scientific temper so these are the points where we can relate this idea one is regarding any questions regarding knowledge economy you can relate it on any question regarding fundamental duties how that is being propelled right now government taking actions you can relate all these things though it's duties are for citizens still government is propelling in that directions even startup India you can relate with all these things okay so that is paragraph 2 whereas paragraph 3 to achieve the goal of rapid and sustained and clean growth that generate employment for all investing in right physical and social infrastructure is prerequisite Nithya Ayoga with this intellectual breadth and depth is well placed to help India achieve this goal over the six years six years the central government has undertaken many bold reforms the central government it is now for the states to implement these reforms in later and spirit to help the country reach the next frontier of growth so here you can see that growth is categorized into three levels one is rapid growth sustained growth and clean so any development of growth need to have these three characters that should be a rapid growth and sustained growth and clean growth so why this rapid and sustained growth you can relate with demographic dividend so India is very youthful population there should be a growth and opportunities there should be a proper development so that results in rapid and sustained growth that may be the reason why we need to focus on this type of characters of growth and clean growth focus on ecology so where Nithya Ayoga played a very active role especially based on using intellectual breadth and depth so that is what the point is says and right now it also says it's opinion of the author what she what the author says is where state government should take the responsibility of implementing those reforms as suggested by Nithya Ayoga and a union government okay so finally last one paragraph four so Nithya Ayoga will continue to work towards strengthening cooperative federalism in the country thereby enabling center and state to work in tandem as equal partners for ensuring India's success so Nithya Ayoga need to play a very active role in cooperative federalism which we can relate with team India for growth of India so that's the point it says where we can use this point of cooperative federalism is right now India's development depends upon both union government state government so any question regarding federalism issues or anything this you can use it as a conclusion part as a most positive note so these are the things regarding this article so for this article we take a question and see 2020 there was a GS question I'll read the question how far do you think cooperation competitive and confrontation confrontation has shaped shaped the nature of federation in India cite some recent examples to validate your answers so the question is more regarding Nithya Ayoga you can see the terms like cooperation competition they're saying federalism is influenced based on these factors and confrontation so if you want to find the answer for this question we can go for those articles literally you can feel find that for example cooperation cooperative federalism you can relate the points like how union government and state government is working up in areas for development even how Nithya Ayoga is able to help state governments in policy inputs and also able to help in bottom up approach in development you can relate all those things and in newspapers we're able to find some examples for that you can quote it they're asking about the examples the content is this thing what we are discussing right now regarding this cooperative federalism here cooperative federalism is more about union government state government interaction and also if possible state government state government interaction in federal characters if you have any examples you can relate that you can put that as a point and also it says that under cooperative federalism not only regarding policies policy inputs even they are able to assist state governments in finding experts all this you can relate this points that can be the thing you can relate with this cooperative federalism and competitive federalism there are a lot of examples in these articles example you can relate with aspirational district program you can relate this as an example write the points for this particular question how competitive federalism how competitive environment is shaping the federalism so that is one whereas confrontation federalism right now we can see that issues happening regarding border issues issues regarding border aspects between the states you can relate with that and say like Assam, Mizoram or between Andhra Pradesh and Odisha so all this you can relate here and say how confrontation decide the federalism even between union government and state government especially in GST councils so you can do all this things one part of the answer especially cooperative and competitive federalism you relate with the IEU and confrontation you can relate with the other institution like GST councils and also between state government issues of border management or a water crisis water resource sharing all this you can relate and you can find the answer for this thank you