 Again, thank you so much for being with us today. Next, we're going to hear from Mr. Harold Feld, who is the senior vice president with public knowledge here in Washington, DC. You're recognized for five minutes. Thank you, Chairman Luan, Ranking Member Thun. Thank you for inviting me to testify today on this important subject. As our economy and society have gone digital, our dependence on our communications networks has increased exponentially. Some of us may remember a time growing up when the whole family shared a single telephone line. Today, nearly all of us have cell phones, sometimes more than one. And our digital communication doesn't stop there. And at any given time, parents may be working remotely while their children attend different virtual classrooms. Even our houses and devices may depend on constant connection with the internet to function properly. But as our dependence on constant connectivity has grown, our networks have become more fragile. Those who grew up with the one telephone line to the home will remember that it worked regularly and reliably every time you called someone. Even in a blackout, as long as the copper lines remain connected, you could call family to make sure everyone was all right. Call 911 if you had an emergency, and call the power company to ask how long until the power came back on. Today, we can wake up on a sunny day to discover that a cut fiber cable or misconfigured router has cut off everything from our phone service to our video streams. An electric blackout caused by a brutal heat wave can now knock out communications when people desperately need to reach 911. A hurricane or wildfire can shut down phone and internet in a geographic region for weeks or even months. This is especially true for island communities and other geographically isolated communities, as we saw not only after Maria, but also after Sandy and Katrina. How did this happen? Briefly, our rules have not kept pace with changes in technology. The traditional network was reliable because we chose to make it reliable. We have not made this choice for our current IP based and mobile networks. To the contrary, our aggressive regulation has left us increasingly unable to address the threat of our fragile network ecosystem. The FCC has systemically divested itself of its authority to take the necessary leadership role by refusing to clarify the regulatory status of interconnected voice over IP carriers and by reclassifying broadband as a Title I information service. The FCC has rolled back its cybersecurity initiatives at times claiming that it lacks authority to even consider cybersecurity. As the GAO report published last April 29th found the FCC's role in restoring telecommunications networks remains unclear. This can create confusion in post disaster situations over how to allocate resources such as generators and fuel. Congress alone can resolve this confusion by creating clear priorities and clear lines of authority. None of this means returning to the days of monopoly network. To the contrary, competition among networks creates much needed redundancy. In small and rural markets that cannot support competition, we should be willing to invest public money to create the needed level of redundancy. Congress has a tremendous opportunity to resolve these issues and restore resilience and reliability to our critical communications infrastructure. Both our wire line and wireless networks are undergoing significant upgrades. Legacy carriers are retiring their copper networks. Wireless providers are shutting off their 3G networks and deploying 5G. States and Congress are currently debating how to close the digital divide and bring affordable high speed broadband to all Americans. Legislation providing the necessary reliability framework and resources can ensure that these new networks will be resilient, reliable, redundant and sustainable. My written testimony includes multiple recommendations for congressional action to highlight the most important here. First, require the FCC to make outage data publicly available and to publish report after every major outage. Both markets and policy makers need information and right now there is a dearth of that in the market. Clearly empower and require the FCC state governments and tribal governments to make rules and set standards for communications network reliability, including on site power backup and backup power in the home. Prioritize restoration of communications networks and establish agreed upon metrics to measure reliability. Fund network upgrades to improve reliability and permit governments to make communications assets such as fiber and spectrum available to avert outages and to assist network recovery. To conclude, network resilience doesn't happen on its own. When something is everyone's general responsibility, it is no one's actual responsibility. We must upgrade our rules as we upgrade our networks to provide to all Americans communications networks that will be there whenever we need them, whatever the emergency. Thank you, and I am happy to take any questions at this time.