 Hello everyone, I'm Artem and I'm biochemist and I study our brains But what do we know of the brain? It's one of the least understood organs in our body It consists of tiny but complex cells called neurons and these neurons have a big problem They are just too long like neurons connecting the stem of your brain with your toes can reach one and a half meters in length and To function properly to send all the signals They have to transport lots of energy and millions of molecules over these long distances But how do they do that? They don't have D gel or FedEx. How do they transport molecules? And this is actually the focus of my PhD studies. I'm trying to understand how neurons transport molecules or these long distances But before I would like to remind you of swan Japanese brand, you know all very much Toyota The funny question is how could kids you know Toyota in 1930s create such a brand from scratch from nothing It is a funny story what he did he took the best cars available in the market, and then he just Destroyed them he ruined them to pieces and he copied every detail one by one and he studied the function of each of them How does it work? What does it do? What is the function? Then he took the best parts from three different models combined into first prototype Toyota a1 Here I want you to understand the basic principle how to make something new first of all You have to take something existing the best available Disassemble study every piece and make a copy when the copy is functional Then you can be sure that you understand everything and then you can improve like this last model Toyota concept i-car So now we can go back to biochemistry over the last 150 years of research We have studied the brain as organ as tissues the cells We know the functions of millions of molecules by now So it's time to build a copy, and this is what I'm doing in my PhD studies Funny is that the world of neurons is very similar to our world It also has highways and roads which neurons are represented by molecules called micro tubules Neurons also have the cars which are the motor proteins that literally run on these micro tubules and carry the cargo Which in this case are tiny molecules that I'm studying and I'm using microscopy to see these molecules and On the next slide. I want to show you real scientific data from the microscope So what you can see here are these long lines are the micro tubules the highways of the neurons The green dots running are these motor proteins the cars that transport the cargo which is in red Funny is what you see there are the real molecules that are moving. Isn't it incredible? So why is it important? Why do we care? thing is that if some of these Transporting molecules are not transported properly Then we end up having some metal retardation disorders and in order to improve the condition of these patients to find the medication we have to First of all understand the transport. How does it work and for this we need to build a copy? This is quite new approach in biochemistry trying to reconstitute Mechanisms and it turns the page of biochemistry biochemical history from chemistry of destroying into chemistry of creating