 A very good evening aspirants, welcome to the Hindu newspaper analysis. This video is brought to you by Shankar IAS Academy. Today's date is 6th of September 2022. So before getting into the list of news articles, I have an announcement for you. See the pre-storming test series batch 1 is going to start in Ananahar. Starts on 12th of September 2022 and the first test will be on 19th of September 2022. The series will be covering 66 tests which also includes general studies, CSAT and 3 mock tests. All the tests will be conducted in offline mode on the scheduled dates from 2pm to 4pm followed by live discussion from 4.30pm to 7.30pm. The students who missed the offline test can take the test after two days in online and they will be provided with recorded discussions. The availability of online mode test is until our mock test before Prolims 2023 examination. The explanation key will also be provided to the students. So with this announcement, now let us see the list of news articles that have been chosen for today's discussion. Today we have four different news articles. Along with that we have a quiz question at the end. So now without wasting much time, let's get into the first news article discussion. Now have a look at this news article. See this news article talks about the Additional Solicitor General of India in short ASG. Now the ASG is in news because he has appeared in Supreme Court on behalf of former Municipal Administration Minister S.P. Velmani and the Advocate General of the state has opposed this move because the minister is charged against two corruption cases. So here ASG has taken up a private case of former Municipal Administration Minister S.P. Velmani and he has appeared on behalf of him in the Supreme Court. So this is the crux of the news article given here in this background. Let us quickly go through the Additional Solicitor General and then we will see whether ASG can appear on behalf of a minister in a private case or not. So before that have this basing understanding the Attorney General of India, the Solicitor General for India and the Additional Solicitor General for India. All the three are meant and included as law officers and the ASG is the third ranked law officer in the Government of India. Here also you have to note one thing, the post of ASG is not constitutional as the constitution does not have any provisions regarding ASG. Yes the article 76 of the constitution does not talk anything about ASG and it is said that the post of ASG can come into force on the date of their publication in the official cassette. So the term of office of Additional Solicitor General of India is three years and the person appointed to the post shall hold the office for the period for which such post has been created. The seat of the Additional Solicitor General of India may be at New Delhi or Mumbai or Chennai or Alabad as the Government of India specifies and the post of ASG is governed by law officers conditions of service rules 1987. So the post of ASG is not constitutional but statutory. Their main responsibility is to assist the Attorney General in the fulfilment of his official responsibilities and note that the Additional Solicitor General will take precedence about the Advocate General of State and very importantly ASG is eligible for reappointment after his or her term expires. So now coming to the duties of ASG, firstly ASG need to give advice to the Government of India upon legal matters and they should perform such as the duties of a legal character that is assigned to him by the Government of India. Secondly the ASG should appear whenever required in the Supreme Court or in any High Court on the behalf of the Government of India in cases including suits, repetition, appeal and other proceedings. Note that in these cases the Government of India is concerned as a party or is otherwise interested. Thirdly the ASG should represent the Government of India in any reference made by the President to the Supreme Court. This is under Article 143 of the Constitution and finally ASG should discharge such other functions as conferred on law officers by or under the Constitution or any other law for the time being in force. So these are some of the functions or duties that we have to make note of. Now we shall see some of the restrictions imposed on ASG. See ASG should not hold briefs in any court for any party except the Government of India or the Government of a State or any University, Government School or College, Local Authority, Public Service Commission, Port Trust, Port Commissioners. This provisions includes Government Aided or Government Manager Hospitals, a Government Company and it even includes Corporations owned or controlled by the State. Secondly ASG should not advise any party against the Government of India or a public sector undertaking. Then the ASG should not defend and accused in a criminal prosecution without the permission of Government of India. So which means ASG can take up private cases but he can appear in front of court only after getting permission from the Government of India. Now coming back the ASG should not accept appointment to any office in any company or corporation without the permission of Government of India and lastly the ASG should not advise any Minister or Department of Government of India or any statutory organization or any public sector undertakings. This is unless the proposal or a reference in this regard is required is received through the Ministry of Law and Justice. Okay so now coming to the question whether ASG can appear on behalf of an ex-Minister or not. See we already saw in the restriction that in certain cases with the Permission of Government of India the ASG can appear for a private party. So the news article also says that the Chief Justice had not objected the appearance of ASG Raju on behalf of the former Municipal Administration Minister S.P. Vedumani. This is because he had obtained the permission of the Centre for taking up the private cases. So as long as the Centre does not withdraws the Permission the ASG cannot be restrained from this case. So that's all you have to know about ASG very very important topic. So in this news article discussion we saw in detail about ASG his appointment tenure and some of his functions. So these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Have a look at this news article. See this news article talks about the Float Test. See the UPA Government in Jharkhand won the Test War and the opposition staged a workout. So it was for the first time that the ruling coalition government in Jharkhand had moved a confidence motion to prove its majority in the House. So in this backdrop let us discuss about the Float Test or Trust Vote. So what is Float Test? See a Float Test is a measure to check whether the Executive is enjoying the confidence of the Legislature. See the Constitution does not mandate a political party to have an absolute majority for forming the government but the Ministers forming the Executive must enjoy the confidence of the Legislature because the Legislature represents the will of the public. So in cases where this majority is questioned the Leader of the House need to prove the majority and this is done through and they are going a Trust Vote. If the Leader fails to do so he or she is bound to resign from the position. If that happens it will directly lead to dissolution of the entire House. Note that the Trust Vote or the Float Test can be initiated at the central as well as state levels. Okay now let us see how is this Float Test procedure done. Say for example to check whether the government enjoys majority in Lok Sabha or not and no confidence motion can be introduced. This motion can be introduced by any member of the House who believes the government in power lacks a majority. If the motion is approved then the ruling party must demonstrate that it has a majority in the House. Also remember a no confidence motion need not set any grounds on which it is based. Even when grounds are mentioned in the notice and read out in the House they do not form part of the no confidence motion. So make note of this as well. So that's all about this news article discussion. In this news article discussion we saw in brief about what is Float Test or Trust Vote. So with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Have a look at this news article. See this news article talks about the Prapti Portal. See the power ministry has prescribed standard operating procedure that is SOP. This enables state power distribution companies to cross check and respond to invoices raised by generation companies and other supplies and these invoices are uploaded in the Prapti Portal. So this is the crux of the news article given here. In this context let us discuss about this Prapti Portal. Also we will discuss the SOP mentioned in the news article. Okay. Firstly know that the expansion of Prapti is payment ratification and analysis in power procurement for bringing transparency in invoicing of generators. See you don't have to remember the whole expansion. If you can mention it is Prapti Portal that's enough. See this is a web portal and an app. So what is the purpose of this portal and app? See the Prapti app and web portal has been developed to bring transparency in power purchase transactions between generators and discounts. Secondly it will capture the invoicing and payment data for various long term PPAs from the generators and this will help the stakeholders in getting month wise and legacy data on outstanding amounts of discounts against power purchase. Okay. Thirdly the app will allow users to know the details relating to the payments made by the discounts to the power generation company. Also it shows when they were made. Okay. Then Prapti will also enable the consumers to evaluate financial performance of their discounts. This in terms of payments being made to the generation companies. Then the portal would help discounts and gen-cos to reconcile their outstanding payments. Okay. Also the portal would facilitate relative assessment of various state discounts on ease of making payments to various generation companies and it will also help make transactions in the power sector more transparent. So now coming to the news article. See last month the Tangent Co was banned from trading on power exchanges. This is for non-payments of dues. This ban is based on the electricity late payment surcharge that is LPS and related matters rules 2022 which was notified by the center. So after the ban the Tamil Nadu electricity minister said that the portal was not user friendly. He also said that it did not allow the states to check or scrutinize the bills and it did not allow the states to seek for modifications. So ASOP has been prescribed by the power ministry. See the LPS rules enable distribution companies to liquidate their outstanding dues. This is only up to June 3, 2022 and this is in equivalent monthly installments. Also the rules provide for regulation of access to power in case of non-payment of dues. This is one month after the due date for payment or two and a half months after the presentation of bills. So what is said in the SOP? See as per the SOP suppliers should upload the invoices presented to the distribution companies. This is within five days including holidays and they would not be allowed to update the details beyond the period. Then the distribution companies that is DISCOMs would be sent an automated email about the newly uploaded invoice. This will include the details about the default trigger date. And the DISCOMs may provide their feedback about their invoices but this is within 10 days from the updation of the invoice on the portal. In case the DISCOMs provide nothing within the set date then the invoices would be automatically frozen. But the suppliers can update the invoice after the inputs from the DISCOMs. This is within 10 days. Then the SOP also noted that the DISCOMs shall be responsible for updation of payment details against the invoices and information available on the portal. This should be at 5.30 pm a day before the default trigger date. Then the DISCOM has to certify that the invoice amount has been settled in full. So that's all about this news article discussion. In this news article discussion we saw in detail about Prapti portal its objectives. Then we saw the newly issued SOP. So with these learnt points now let us move on to the next news article discussion. Now let us take up this text and context article. See this article talks about the functions of the seat belts and the head restraints in a vehicle and also about the India's seat belt policy. Now again this is in news because of the death of former chairman of Tata Sen's Siraspe mystery in a car crash. So today we are not going to get deeper into the issue. Instead we shall learn about functions of seat belts and head restraints in a vehicle and also about the India's seat belt policy. Before that the syllabus relevant to this news article is highlighted here for your reference. Just go through it. First let us have a basic idea about seat belts. See the seat belt is a vehicle safety device designed to secure the driver or a passenger of a vehicle against harmful movement that may result during a collusion or a sudden stop. So in simple words a seat belt reduces the likelihood of death or serious injury in a traffic collusion. The seat belt has proven to be the most important safety device in cars as it drastically increases the chance of survival of the occupants in the event of an accident. It has been estimated that seat belts reduce the risk of death for a front seat about 50 percentage. So with this information now let us see how the seat belts work. See before going into that we should know what is inertia. This will help in understanding the functions of seat belt better. See inertia is the tendency of a physical object to remain at the state of rest or in uniform motion in the straight line unless a force is applied to it. So here the physical object may be a person or any kind of object like bike, car, ball etc. Now we will get into the function of seat belts. Suppose when a car is speeding along at 50 kilometer per hour it has tendency to keep moving at the same speed and in the same direction unless some force acts on it. So here the car accelerates its occupants to its own speed so that they seem to be moving as a single unit. However the inertia of the occupant is independent of the inertia of the car. So for example if the car crashed into a tree the force of the tree would bring the car to an abrupt halt. The speed of the occupants however would remain the same because of their independent inertia and they would bang into the steering wheel or dashboard or the windshield. The force exerted by the steering wheel or the windshield would then bring the occupant to a stop but this process might cause injury to vulnerable body parts like the head and the face. Now the seat belt's job is to spread this stopping force across steadier parts of the body over a longer period of time to minimize damage. So remember a typical seat belt consists of a lap belt which rests over the pelvis and the shoulder belt which extends across the chest. The two belt sections are tightly secured to the frame of the car in order to hold passengers in their seat. When the belt is worn correctly it will apply most of the stopping force to the rib cage and the pelvis which are relatively steady parts of the body. Since the belts extend across a wide section of the body the force is not concentrated in a small area so it cannot do as much damage. Additionally the seat belt webbing is made of a material having some flexibility so it stretches a little bit thereby making the store less abrupt. So I hope now you all could understand how the seat belt functions. Now we shall have a brief idea about head restraints. See the head restraints or head wrist they are also an automotive safety feature. It is attached into the top of each seat to limit the rear word movement of the occupants head during a collusion and the main purpose of this is to prevent injury to the cervical vertebrae. So having understand this now we will see about what the government's rule is saying about the seat belts and the punishments in case of violation of rules. See as per the rule 138-3 of the Central Motor Vehicle Rules in short CMVR of 1989 the driver and the person seated in the front seat or the person's occupying front facing rear seats should wear the seat belts while the vehicle is in motion. Apart from this rule 125-1 of CMVR requires the manufacturers of every motor vehicles other than motor cycles that is two wheelers and three wheelers of engine capacity not exceeding 500 cc shall to equip every such vehicle with a seat belt for the driver and for the person occupying the front seat. Then the rule 125-1 of CMVR requires the manufacturer of every motor vehicle that is used for carriage of passengers comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat shall to equip it with a seat belt for a person occupying the front facing rear seat. So this is what the Central Motor Vehicle Rules of 1989 talks about. Now let us see about the penal provisions. See the violation of any of the provisions of the rule 138-3 of the CMVR 1989 would constitute an offence punishable under section 177 of the Motor Vehicles Act that is MVA 1988. Here the section 177 deals with the general provisions for punishment of offenses. It says that whoever contravenes any provision of the MVA or of any rules including CMVR or regulations or notifications made shall be punishable for the first offense with fine which may extend to 100 rupees and any second or subsequent offense with fine which may extend to 300 rupees. So this is about the penal provisions. So now let us see some of the flaws in the rules and penal provisions. See many of the vehicle manufacturers are compromising the quality of seat belts in the name of cost efficient vehicles and there is no strict regulation to check the quality of the seat belts and heterostime in a vehicle. Also the fine amount is meager in case of violation of rules. So the possible solutions are the government should frequently inspect the quality of seat belts to avoid the loss of life and also the fine amount should have to be enhanced for the stricter enforcement of rules in case of violation. So that is all about this news article discussion. In this news article discussion we saw in detail about seat belts, how it works and we saw about heterostrimes and finally we ended our discussion by seeing some of the provisions with respect to seat belts and the punishments in case of violation of rules. So with these learned points, now let us move on to the next part of the news article discussion which is the preliminary practice questions. Now look at this first question. With reference to trust ward consider the following statements. Statement one, no confidence motion can be introduced only in Lokshaba. Statement two, failure of trust ward leads to dissolution of the entire house. So the question asks for the correct statement. Here the correct answer for the question is option D neither one nor two. See statement one is incorrect because no confidence motion is introduced to check whether executive is enjoying the confidence of legislature. So it can be initiated in both central and state government. So this statement is incorrect. Statement two is also incorrect because trust ward is a checking of the confidence of the legislature and it directly does not lead to dissolution of the entire house. Only the government will be dissolved if the trust ward is failed. So the correct answer for the question is option D neither one nor two. Now look at the second question which among the following describes about prapti that is often seen in news. Option A first aircraft carrier to be built in India. Option B a portal to support India's elderly population. Option C an app and web portal developed to bring transparency in power purchase transactions between generators and discounts and option D none of the above. See the correct answer for the question is option C we saw that in the discussion itself right. Now option A is incorrect because first aircraft carrier to be built in India is INS Vikrant. Statement two is also incorrect because it talks about saggy that is senior care aging growth engine which is an initiative and portal to support India's elderly. Okay so this option is also incorrect. So the correct answer for the question is option C now moving on the displayed question is the quiz question for you today. Just go through the question try to find the correct answer and post the correct answer in the comment section. I'll post the quiz question in the poll as well. So you can attend the quiz in the poll section as well. So now moving on the question displayed here is the main question for you today go through the question write an answer and post it in the comment section. You can either type your answer in the comment section or you can share the link of the pdf containing the photocopy of the answer in the comment section we'll evaluate your answers so with this we came to the end of the news article discussion if you like the video hit like do share and comment and don't forget to subscribe to Shankarai's Academy YouTube channel thank you